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Item Computational prediction of nimbanal as potential antagonist of respiratory syndrome coronavirus(2021) Adegbola AE; Fadahunsi OS; Alausa A; Abijo AZ; Balogun TA; Aderibigbe TS; Semire B; Adegbola PIThe high pathogenic nature of the Middle East Respiratory coronavirus (MER) and the associated high fatality rate demands an urgent attention from researchers. Because there is currently no approved drug for the management of the disease, research efforts have been intensified towards the discovery of a potent drug for the treatment of the disease. Papain Like protease (PLpro) is one of the key proteins involved in the viral replication. We therefore docked forty-six compounds already characterized from Azadirachta indica, Xylopia aethipica and Allium cepa against MERS-CoV-PLpro. The molecular docking analysis was performed with AutoDock 1.5.6 and compounds which exhibit more negative free energy of binding, and low inhibition constant (Ki) with the protein (MERS-CoV-PLpro) were considered potent. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were predicted using the Swissadme web server. Twenty-two of the compounds showed inhibition potential similar to dexamethasone and remdesvir, which had binding affinity of −6.8 and −6.3 kcal/mol respectively. The binding affinity of the compounds ranged between −3.4 kcal/mol and −7.7 kcal/mol whereas; hydroxychloroquine had a binding affinity of −4.5 kcal/mol. Among all the compounds, nimbanal and verbenone showed drug likeliness, they did not violate the Lipinski rule neither were they inhibitors of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Both nimbanal and verbenone were further post-scored with MM/GBSA and the binding free energy of nimbanal (−25.51 kcal/mol) was comparable to that of dexamethasone (−25.46 kcal/mol). The RMSD, RMSF, torsional angle, and other analysis following simulation further substantiate the efficacy of nimbanal as an effective drug candidate. In conclusion, our study showed that nimbanal is a more promising therapeutic agent and could be a lead for the discovery of a new drug that may be useful in the management of severe respiratory coronavirus syndrome.Item Data on the survival times of breast cancer patients in a Teaching Hospital, Osogbo(2020) Awodutire PO; Kolawole OA; Ilori ORIn a bid to assess the contribution of prognostic factors to survival times of breast cancer patients from day of presentation in Nigeria, a data was collected from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Osogbo. This is a retrospective data culled from the case note files of the breast cancer patients. The survival time of the patients was recorded as the difference between the day of presentation and the day of last contact. The data is censored at 1 year. The prognostic factors considered are years of breastfeeding(In years), Age at menarche, stage at presentation, neoadjuvant treatment offered and use of contraceptives. Four survival models were applied to the data to assess the contribution of the prognostic factors to survival timesItem Consensus scoring-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation of some TNF-alpha inhibitors(2022) Boyenle ID; Adelusi TI; Ogunlana AT; Oluwabusola RA; Ibrahim NO; Tolulope A; Okikiola OS; Adetunji BL; Abioye IO; Kehinde Oyedele AQInhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) represents a therapeutic approach towards the management or treatment of various inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, but the current treatment regimen against this target in these diseases is the use of antibodies which may trigger an autoimmune response. This suggests a search for small-molecule inhibitors that could selectively inhibit the protein target. In the present study, fifty-five bioactive compounds of plant origin with already reported anti-inflammatory activities were screened for their affinity for TNF-alpha using a molecular docking strategy. We combined results from three different software packages (iGEMDOCK, MOE, & SAMSON) to come up with the best binders of the target. In addition, the resulting binders were subjected to in silico ADMET (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation to determine their drug-like properties and atomistic binding mechanisms respectively. Of the fifty-five evaluated bioactive compounds, Rutin, Schisantherin A, and Hesperidin performed well in the three software packages, with considerable ranking therewith. Interestingly, these compounds did not only interact with hotspot residues on TNF-alpha but also apparently balanced well on the knife-edge of pharmacokinetics and toxicity. More importantly, from the RMSD, RMSF, ROG, SASA, and hydrogen bond analysis, it was seen that Rutin, Schisantherin A, & Hesperidin exhibited stability in the active pocket of the protein. These results portend the three compounds as potent inhibitors of TNF-alpha that should be considered for further evaluation and drug development.Item The effects on oxidative aging, physical and flow properties of Agbabu natural bitumen modified with silver nanoparticles(2020) Olabemiwo OM; Lateef A; Agunbiade FO; Akanji SB; Bakare HOThe quest for improvement in service life and performance of road pavement via reduction of oxidative aging failure of bitumen, led us to the investigation of novel application of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as potential anti-oxidative material for Agbabu natural bitumen (ANB). The raw ANB was purified to form the base and the base modified in a stainless reactor using AgNPs via melt blend technique at temperature of 120 °C under stirring at 1200rpm. The proportions of AgNPs used for the modification were 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 wt% and long-term aging was thermally simulated on the base and modified base samples at 60 °C. The aged samples were then subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analysis to study the changes in the size of the peaks of the oxidation-related compounds. Physical and flow parameters (PFPs) of the base and modified base samples were characterized using softening point temperature, kinematic viscosity, penetration index, flash and fire points, penetration, kinematic viscosity and Oscillatory disc Rheometer (ODR) test. FTIR analysis showed that the AgNPs incorporation into ANB at 1797 cm−1, 1217 cm−1, 1300 cm−1 and 1097 cm−1 in the spectrum of the base sample. The sulphoxide peaks at 1031 cm−1 was completely obliterated. There was progressive reduction in the area of the carbonyl peak at 1693 cm−1 implying progressive lowering of the carbonyl index value with increasing in the amount of AgNPs used in the modification. These changes are attributable to the anti-oxidative potential of the AgNPs. The mechanism of the anti-oxidative effect of AgNPs is proposed to be due to scavenging of the free radical produced in the oxidation process. The values of softening point temperature, kinematic viscosity, penetration index, and flash and fire points increased while that of penetration and specific gravity reduced as the quantity of AgNPs in the base increased. The ODR test showed that, the modified samples compared to base sample at lower and higher road pavement temperatures are less prone to fatigue cracking and rutting, respectively. Thus, this study provides preliminary information about the novelty of AgNPs as potential antioxidant for improving the durability/performance of bitumen in pavements.Item Use of experimental test systems in the application of electric microgrid technology across the sub-Saharan Africa: A review(2020) Ajewole TO; Olabode OE; Babalola OS; Omoigui MOElectric microgrid is counted with the emerging technologies recently identified as being required for revolutionizing Africa within the space of one decade. The place of innovative research and development on various components of microgrid systems is also found pivotal and indispensable to the envisioned massive deployment of the technology across the sub-Saharan region of the continent. It has, however, become a global practice to employ specially developed experimental microgrid test systems as dedicated research tools for establishing design criteria and evaluating operational performances of microgrids in efficient way. This study therefore presents a survey on the availability and deployment of microgrid test systems across the nations of the sub-Saharan Africa. Available literatures published on the concept, though very scanty and not readily accessible, are thoroughly reviewed and reported in this survey. It is found that while there are few instances of works done on development and application of on-the-site demonstration microgrid as experimental facilities, laboratory-based microgrid emulators as test systems does not have much popularity despite being comparatively cost effective in design and development. This discovery could influence researchers, utility providers, national governments, regional organizations, research funders, as well as other stakeholders across the region into embracing the deployment of microgrid test systems in order to enhance seamlessness in the adaptation of the technology to the African context for its efficient application across the African sub-Sahara.Item The burden of monkeypox virus amidst the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa: A double battle for Africa(2022) Uwishema O; Adekunbi O; Peñamante CA; Bekele BK; Khoury C; Mhanna M; Nicholas A; Adanur I; Dost B; Onyeaka HThe Coronavirus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has put additional strain on Africa's fragile healthcare systems and has impacted the rise of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Currently, there is a rise in cases of Monkeypox Disease, a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, which was first documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Most of the clinical symptoms of Monkeypox resemble that of smallpox, whose virus also belongs to the same genus. Initial symptoms include headache, fever, and fatigue, followed by lymphadenopathy and a rash. This study aims to provide more insight into Monkeypox by exposing its current burden and efforts to combat it amidst COVID-19 in Africa. Since Monkeypox disease is re-emerging and is less contagious than COVID-19, prevention and treatment are much more manageable. Still, African countries face several crucial challenges in responding to the Monkeypox in times of the covid-19 pandemic. These include lack of a well-functioning surveillance system for early detection of the disease, lack of awareness and knowledge of the monkeypox disease across the general population, lack of healthcare facilities already burdened by COVID-19 cases, and shortage of trained healthcare professionals. On the other hand, one significant factor contributing to the minimized risk in Africa was the smallpox vaccination done before 1980. However, a declining cross-protective immunity is seen in those inoculated with the smallpox vaccine and the ever-increasing risk to the unvaccinated population. Thus, focusing on vaccination and disease surveillance operations and diligent monitoring, as well as cross-border collaborations with international sectors, including One Health, FOA, OIE, and WHO is critical to achieving the ultimate eradication of monkeypox in Africa.Item Comparative susceptibility of two developmental stages of hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus Degeer, 1774) to ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil(2018) Babarinde SA; Sunnie-Ododo MO; Akanbi WB; Oyegoke OO; Tijani R; Olaobaju SFThe pesticidal effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) against two developmental stages (adult and larva) of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, a key pest of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was evaluated under laboratory condition (32±2°C temperature and 70±3% relative humidity). At 6h after exposure (HAE), 25.80and36.23% mortality in 0.99and1.33μl/ml air respectively was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 9.2% mortality observed in 0.33μl/ml air. Percentage mortality observed in 0.99–1.33μl/ml air at 12and18HAE was significantly (p<0.05) higher than mortality observed in other lower doses of GEO. The results of the larval bioassay follow the same trend as observed in adult bioassay except that higher percentage mortality was observed in larva than in adult. At 6–18HAE, 28.25–90.00% larval mortality at application doses of 0.33–1.33μl/ml air was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 4.60% mortality observed in the control. The LD50 of GEO against larva at 6HAE 2.74 (2.17–3.81) μl/ml air was different from 1.69 (1.32–2.03)μl/ml air and 1.36 (1.05–1.63) μl/ml air LD50 for 12and18 HAE respectively. For adult bioassay, 2.80 (2.50–3.19)μl/ml air was significantly higher than 1.85 (1.49–2.21)μl/ml air being LD50 for 12and18HAE. The study reveals that D. maculatus larva was more susceptible to GEO than adult.Item Body dysmorphic disorder in patients attending a dermatology clinic in Nigeria: sociodemographic and clinical correlates*(2019) Akinboro AO; Adelufosi AO; Onayemi O; Asaolu SOAbstract Background: Body dysmorphic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric disorder in the context of dermatology and cosmetic and plastic surgery but is underdiagnosed and underreported in Africa. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and symptoms of anxiety/depression and determine their sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Methods: A systematic random sampling design was made to recruit 114 patients with skin diseases. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Modification of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered, and data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Mean age of participants was 37.70±17.47 years, and 67/114 (58.8%) were females. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder was 41/114 (36.0%), and prevalence of anxiety/depression symptoms was 35/114 (30.7%). Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anxiety/depression symptoms was 15/41 (36.6%), and patients with facial disorders expressed the highest burden of anxiety/depression symptoms, in 15/35 (42.9%). Factors associated with significantly higher mean body dysmorphic disorder include age<50years (p=0.039), and anxiety/depression (p<0.001), education below high school was associated with higher mean anxiety/depression score (P= 0.031). In a binary logistic regression model, presence of anxiety/depression symptoms was predictive of body dysmorphic disorder (OR=10.0, CI: 4.1-28.2, p<0.001). Study limitations: the study is uncontrolled, conducted in a single source of care, thus limiting generalization to nonrelated settings. Conclusion: Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is high among dermatology patients and most prevalent in facial disorders. Facial diseases are associated with the highest burden of anxiety/depression symptoms. This is a clarion call for dermatologists to routinely assess for body dysmorphic disorder and appropriately refer affected patients to mental health care.Item The design of a vehicle detector and counter system using inductive loop technology(2021) Oluwatobi AN; Tayo AO; Oladele AT; Adesina GRScheduling vehicles at multiple intersections remain an issue of concern in road traffic control. Traffic lights have been widely employed in many countries, however, determining the best intersection to grant access to using the number of vehicles present as a yardstick needs to be improved on. Therefore, this article presents the design of a vehicle detector and counter system using inductive loop technology. The proposed system is majorly made up of the inductive loop section, the electronic vehicle detector section and the counter section. The inductive loop uses an electromagnetic communication to create an electric current in a nearby wire, when a vehicle crosses the loop, the inductance of the loop is increased. Based on the oscillating signal received from the inductor loop, the electronic detector section uses a voltage comparator stage and Darlington transistor arrangement to detect the vehicles on the queue. Afterwards, two up-counters and an up/down counter were used to keep track of vehicles entering and leaving the queue. The design was simulated and tested in Proteus virtual system modelling software. The simulation results obtained revealed that the design could be employed for detecting and counting vehicles at intersections so as to effectively control traffic.Item Survey dataset on open and distance learning students’ intention to use social media and emerging technologies for online facilitation(2020) Arulogun OT; Akande ON; Akindele AT; Badmus TAOpen and Distance Learning (ODL) students rely majorly on the use of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) tools for online facilitation and other activities supporting learning. With emphasis on ODL students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Oyo Sta te, Nigeria; Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) has being the major medium for online facilitation for the past 5 years. Therefore, this data article presents a survey dataset that was administered to LAUTECH ODL students with a view to assess their readiness to accept and use alternative social media platforms and emerging technologies for online facilitation. The data article also includes questionnaire instrument administered via google form, 900 responses received in spreadsheet formats, chats generated from the responses, the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) file, the descriptive and reliability statistics for all the variables. Authors believe that the dataset will guide policy makers on the choice of social media and emerging technologies to be adopted as a facilitation tool for ODL students. It will also reveal the challenges that could militate against the willingness to use these supplementary modes of learning from students’ perspectives.Item Safety evaluation of green synthesized Cola nitida pod, seed and seed shell extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an Allium cepa assay(2017) Yekeen TA; Azeez MA; Akinboro A; Lateef A; Asafa TB; Oladipo IC; Oladokun SO; Ajibola AAThe increase in the use of nanoparticles in various fields of human endeavours calls for the need to understand the toxic potential of green synthesized nanoparticles. Cytogenotoxic potentials of green synthesized Cola pod (Cp-AgNPs), seed (Cs-AgNPs) and seed shell (Css-AgNPs) silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate salts (Ags) were evaluated using an A. cepa assay. Twenty onion bulbs were exposed to 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0μg/ml AgNPs and Ags solutions. Microscopic evaluation was performed at 24, 48 and 72h with 5000 cells per concentration scored for chromosomal aberrations, while the effects on the root growth were evaluated at 72h. The observed dividing cells and mitotic inhibition were dose-dependent for the three AgNPs and Ags at 24, 48 and 72h. Mitotic index obtained for 1.0, 10 and 100μg/mL at all times of evaluation were less than half the value of the negative control, while cell arrest was only observed at 72h at a concentration of 100μg/mL for the three AgNPs. The chromosomal aberrations observed were c-mitosis, a chromosome bridge, a vagrant chromosome, and a sticky chromosome, which indicate the potential of AgNPs for genotoxicity. The mean root length of A. cepa treated with AgNPs showed a dose-dependent significant decrease compared to the control, indicating their inhibitory potential, but the mean root lengths were found to be lower at all concentrations compared to those treated with Ags, thus showing the attenuation of growth inhibition. The EC50 values revealed the order of growth inhibition as Ags>Cp-AgNPs>Css-AgNPs>Cs-AgNPs. The cytogenotoxic potential of the AgNPs suggests that caution should be exercised in their usage to prevent environmental pollution.Item Suppression of uric acid generation and blockade of glutathione dysregulation by L-arginine ameliorates dichlorvos-induced oxidative hepatorenal damage in rats(2021) Saka WA; Akhigbe RE; Abidoye AO; Dare OS; Adekunle AODichlorvos is a known risk factor for organ toxicity. The liver and kidney are essential metabolic tissues but it is unclear whether or not there is associated redox dyshomeostasis in both organs in physiological and pathological states. Uric acid accumulation and glutathione dysregulation have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of organ damage. The antioxidant potentials of L-arginine have been shown in various conditions. The present study was thus designed to investigate the synchrony in hepatic and renal uric acid and glutathione status in dichlorvos-induced hepatorenal damage and to probe the possible therapeutic role of L-arginine. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were treated with standard rat diet and water, dichlorvos, or dichlorvos and L-arginine. Our findings revealed that dichlorvos significantly impaired hepatic and renal functions, increased hepatic and renal malondialdehyde, but reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These events were accompanied by increased accumulation of plasma, hepatic, and renal uric acid as well as reduced body weight gain, and hepatic and renal weights. Histopathological examinations revealed hepatic and renal architectural derangement and cellular necrosis and degeneration in dichlorvos-exposed rats. Interestingly, L-arginine reversed dichlorvos-induced systemic, hepatic and renal synchronous redox dyshomeostasis. L-arginine administration also improved hepatic and renal cytoarchitecture. It is thus concluded that dichlorvos triggered synchronous uric acid generation and glutathione alterations in the liver and kidney. L-arginine confers protection against dichlorvos-induced hepatorenal damage via suppression of uric acid generation and blockade of glutathione dysregulation.Item Process optimization, scale-up studies, economic analysis and risk assessment of phenolic rich bioactive extracts production from Carica papaya L. leaves via heat-assisted extraction technology(2022) Adeyi O; Oke EO; Okolo BI; Adeyi AJ; Otolorin JA; Nwosu-Obieogu K; Adeyanju JA; Dzarma GW; Okhale S; Ogu D; Onu PNThis work investigated the influence of process variables of extraction temperature (35–55 °C), solid to liquid ratio (1:20–1:50 g/mL) and time (100–200 min) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and yield (EY) of Carica papaya leaves (CPL) extracts using Box-Behnken experimental design available in Design Expert software. Bi-objective process optimization was also carried out using the desirability function algorithm. The optimum process variables were later used to design an integrated process for the production of CPL extracts with the assistance of SuperPro Designer software. Scale-up studies and economic analysis for CPL extracts production were investigated in the range of 0.638–20.431 × 103 kg CPL extracts/y to determine the most economically feasible production capacity based on the minimum unit production cost (UPC) of CPL extracts. The risk and sensitivity analyses of the most economically feasible production scale were carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation in Oracle Crystal Ball software. Process variables had notable influences on the TPC and EY of CPL extracts. The extraction temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 40.25 g/mL and time of 100 min gave the optimum TPC of 74.65 mg GAE/g d.b and EY of 18.76 % (w/w). HPLC results indicated that CPL extracts were rich in gallic, betulinic, chlorogenic, ellagic, ferulic and caffeic acids. The designed integrated process showed similar behavior with the laboratory scale of 0.18758 g CPL extracts/batch. The preliminary techno-economic analysis indicated that plant capacity has a strong dependence on the material & energy demands and process economics. Plant capacity of 19.857 × 103 kg CPL extracts/y possessed the least UPC and was selected as the most economically feasible scale. The certainty of obtaining base case UPC value of 525.21 US$/kg CPL extracts was 75.20%. Sensitivity analysis showed that extracts recovery, CPL/water, centrifuge purchase cost, extraction time, extractor purchase cost and extraction temperature contributed -5.3 %, +42.8%, +4.0%, +47.1%, +0.1%, and +0.5%, respectively to the variance in UPC of CPL extracts.Item Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic application of silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles(2022) Kareem MA; Bello IT; Shittu HA; Sivaprakash P; Adedokun O; Arumugam SThe advancement in nanotechnology has influenced the improvement in the photocatalytic performance of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The photocatalytic activities of ZnO are within irradiation wavelengths in the ultraviolet region and this hinders its efficiency in photocatalytic applications. Undoped and silver doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ag-doped ZnO NPs) were successfully prepared by co-precipitation technique at Ag doping concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 % to enhance the photocatalytic ability of ZnO NPs. The XRD results indicate a hexagonal wurtzite structure of the undoped and Ag-doped ZnO NPs with the estimated crystalline size ranges from 30.79, 23.72, 36.97, 21.49, and 25.66 nm, respectively, for ZnO at Ag doping concentrations. The SEM micrograph revealed the uniform distribution of Ag on the surface of ZnO NPs and a decrease in the size of the particle as concentration increases. The displacement in the absorption edge of ZnO to a higher wavelength led to narrowing the optical bandgap of ZnO due to Ag doping, as observed in the DRS spectra. Photocatalytic performance and photodegradation experiments were conducted using a model methylene blue (MB) dye contaminated in water. The dye concentration decreases as irradiation time increases in the presence of the photocatalyst with the improved performance of less exposure time and the highest dye degradation of about 98 %. It was revealed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO toward MB degradation was effectively improved by Ag doping. Therefore, Ag doping of ZnO NPs had the synergetic effect of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs.Item Tetracarpidium conophorum seed extract improves markers of diabetic disease progression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(2021) Ajilore BS; Olorunnisola OS; Owoade AOBackground Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the medicinal plants with probable efficacy for managing diabetes mellitus. Its leaf, root and seed have been recently reported to possess antihyperglycemic activity but its therapeutic benefit on diabetic disease progression is missing in literatures. This study aimed at investigating effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed (TECOSE) extract on biomarkers of therapeutic response in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Powdered TECOSE was extracted with methanol using standard extraction procedure. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats with single intraperitoneal dose of 75 mg/kg/bwt streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 5): A- normal control, B- diabetic control, C, D and E were diabetic rats treated with TECOSE, metformin and insulin respectively for four weeks. Samples were collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Data obtained were analysed using One Way Analysis of Variance. Results Percentage blood glucose reduction was 79, 79 and 73 in TECOSE, metformin and insulin groups respectively. HBA1c level was significantly (p<0.05) raised (14.89%) in diabetic-untreated rats when compared with normal control (2.84%), TECOSE (3.47%), metformin (5.68%) and insulin (6.36%) groups. TECOSE significantly (p<0.05) reduced levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, haptoglobin, protein carbonyl content, lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities, platelet count, percentage lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, while it significantly (p<0.05) raised high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total leukocyte count, percentage neutrophil, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio when compared with untreated rats. Conclusion The findings concluded that TECOSE improved biomarkers of therapeutic response and disease progression in diabetic rats.Item SAT-126 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO AGROCHEMICALS AND MARKERS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG FARMERS IN A SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA(2020) Ajayi S; Raji R Y; Michael OS; Adewole D; Akande T; Abiola B; Aminu S; Adenike OB; Ayodeji AItem Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities(2020) Badmus JA; Oyemomi SA; Adedosu OT; Yekeen TA; Azeez MA; Adebayo EA; Lateef A; Badeggi UM; Botha S; Hussein AA; Marnewick JLGreen synthesis of metal nanoparticles is reputed to have a robust range of biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bio-fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata were characterized and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The extract induced colour change of silver salt solution which absorbed at 420 nm and confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR showed that free amide and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the synthesized nanoparticles. Both XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. The zeta potential revealed -27.2 mV potential and average distribution size of 35 nm. DLS indicated that the majority of the particles were 86.78 nm size and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.329. AgNPs displayed strong activities against DPPH (IC50 = 51.80 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 30.78 μg/ml), α-amylase (IC50 = 0.90 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml). The particles exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation with effective antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacterial strains and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell line. These findings revealed the potential biomedical applications of the particles and further work will be required to establish its molecular mechanism of action.Item Bio-physical effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on blood parameters, spermatozoa, liver, kidney and heart of albino rats(2019) Adebayo EA; Adeeyo AO; Ogundiran MA; Olabisi OCurrent study aimed at determining the consequence of Radiofrequency (≈1800 MHz) electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the histological, hematological and histochemical properties of selected tissues of rat and to assess morphological changes associated with such exposures. Three groups of thirty rats of which two groups of twenty rats were subjected to average radiation of ≈1.40 W/cm2 at 24 m from the base of two different telecommunications network mast for 5 weeks. Histochemical, hematological and histological analyses of the rats were afterward carried out on selected tissues of the experimental animals using standard procedures. Impacts of radiation were noted in the exposed groups of rats. There was rise in white blood cells with variations in other blood parameters; the sperm motility and sperm count of the exposed rats is lower than the control; the liver of the exposed rats shows pronounced dilated sinusoids, distorted architecture, hyperchromatic nuclei, congested central vein, with change of hepatocytes structure; the heart shows gross distortion of cardiac muscular architecture with distorted irregular cardiac muscle fibres and wider interfibres spaces; kidney showing hyperchromatic nuclei, gradual loss and degeneration of flattened squamous epithelial cells lining and testis shows grossly distorted seminiferous tubules and epididymis with loss of cellular structure and an area of inflammatory changes with complete absence of spermatozoa, which may lead to low fertility. This study shows that radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation may induce morphological changes in various tissues of living systems in rat.Item Perception of herbal practitioners on the application of modern technology to healthcare delivery in Nigeria(2021) Ogirima SA; Arulogun OT; Baale AA; Oyeleye CABackground This study explored the perception of Nigerian Herbal Practitioners on the application and impact of modern technology on healthcare delivery in Nigeria concerning medical healthcare service to the patient at a distance. Methods An in-depth questionnaire set up for the herbal practitioners (respondents) in selected domains (usefulness of the technology for patients and practitioner's practice; perceived knowledge about the use of modern technology to telediagnosis in herbal medicine) was developed and administered to 100 respondents. The Evaluation performances, based on the System Reliability Index (SRI), System Degree of Relevance (SDR), and System Ease of Usage (SEU) were evaluated for the ninety-five responses received. Results The majority (80%) preferred the application of modern technology in terms of improving patient management and satisfaction. Others (20%) have reservations for the technical reliability, privacy, practice expenses, cost of setting up the equipment, time, trust, skill, and diagnostic accuracy of patients. The SRI, SDR, and SEU obtained for the responses are 3.42, 3.15.and 2.88, respectively, while the hypothesis derivative crouch coefficient is 0.72 and 0.85 for the validity and reliability, respectively, of the system. Conclusion The majority of the herbal practitioners agreed and support the concept of modern technology and its application in the current practitioner's practice. This suggests that the application of modern technology to the practices of the study explored the perception of Nigerian Herbal Practitioners will improve healthcare delivery in Nigeria.Item Phytoremediation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen with Canna x generalis Reeds in Domestic Wastewater through NMAMIT Constructed Wetland(2015) Ojoawo SO; Udayakumar G; Naik PA proven method of removing contaminants from secondary wastewater being more recently embraced is bioremediation. This paper focuses on phytoremediation of excessive phosphorus and nitrogen using Canna x generalis reeds through a constructed wetland in the domestic wastewater of NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, Udupi District, India. The 30.0m x 6.0m x 1.0m wetland was constructed as an adjoining facility to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of the Institute, for post-secondary treatment. The reeds were transplanted over the gravel bed after being grown for 2 months in the Institution's nursery. Reeds with rhizomes measuring approximately 15cm3 were planted over the gravel just touching the roots to the effluent, at a density of 4 to 5 clumps per square meter, approximately 30-40cm apart. The compartmentalized wetland is being fed by a 4 inch pipe leading effluent from the Secondary Sedimentation tank at a Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) of 0.02m3s-1 and with a Retention Time (R.T) of 3hrs. Replicate Samples were obtained weekly for a period of one month from the raw wastewater inlet, constructed wetland inlet and outlet sewers, and the final effluent from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (W.T.P). Tap water from the Institute was also sampled over same period as the control. These were all subjected to Laboratory analysis for pH, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate and the Phenolic compounds using APHA's Standard Method. Findings revealed that treatment with the Cannas made the Sample slightly more alkaline (pH ranged from 6.73 to 6.76); reduced the turbidity from 30NTU to 20NTU; mean concentration values of Nitrate, Phosphate and Phenolic compounds at the end of treatment were respectively reduced by 51.9, 8.9, and 1.0% respectively. The study concludes that Canna plant is very efficient in remediating Nitrogen contaminants, fairly effective on Phosphorus and incapable of removing Phenolic compound pollution. Canna x generalis is therefore recommended for Nitrogen bioremediation in domestic wastewater.
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