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Occult hepatitis B virus infection in fully screened blood units in Nigeria
(2014) Opaleye OO; Fagbami AH; Bolaji OS
Phytoremediation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen with Canna x generalis Reeds in Domestic Wastewater through NMAMIT Constructed Wetland
(2015) Ojoawo SO; Udayakumar G; Naik P
A proven method of removing contaminants from secondary wastewater being more recently embraced is bioremediation. This paper focuses on phytoremediation of excessive phosphorus and nitrogen using Canna x generalis reeds through a constructed wetland in the domestic wastewater of NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, Udupi District, India. The 30.0m x 6.0m x 1.0m wetland was constructed as an adjoining facility to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of the Institute, for post-secondary treatment. The reeds were transplanted over the gravel bed after being grown for 2 months in the Institution's nursery. Reeds with rhizomes measuring approximately 15cm3 were planted over the gravel just touching the roots to the effluent, at a density of 4 to 5 clumps per square meter, approximately 30-40cm apart. The compartmentalized wetland is being fed by a 4 inch pipe leading effluent from the Secondary Sedimentation tank at a Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) of 0.02m3s-1 and with a Retention Time (R.T) of 3hrs. Replicate Samples were obtained weekly for a period of one month from the raw wastewater inlet, constructed wetland inlet and outlet sewers, and the final effluent from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (W.T.P). Tap water from the Institute was also sampled over same period as the control. These were all subjected to Laboratory analysis for pH, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate and the Phenolic compounds using APHA's Standard Method. Findings revealed that treatment with the Cannas made the Sample slightly more alkaline (pH ranged from 6.73 to 6.76); reduced the turbidity from 30NTU to 20NTU; mean concentration values of Nitrate, Phosphate and Phenolic compounds at the end of treatment were respectively reduced by 51.9, 8.9, and 1.0% respectively. The study concludes that Canna plant is very efficient in remediating Nitrogen contaminants, fairly effective on Phosphorus and incapable of removing Phenolic compound pollution. Canna x generalis is therefore recommended for Nitrogen bioremediation in domestic wastewater.
Giant mucocele of the appendix in pregnancy: A case report and review of literature
(2015) Idris LO; Olaofe OO; Adejumobi OM; Kolawole AO; Jimoh AK
Introduction Mucocoele of the appendix is an obstructive dilatation of the appendix by intraluminal accumulation of mucoid material. Mucocoeles may develop by one of four processes: Retention cysts, Mucosal hyperplasia, Cystadenomas, and Cystadenocarcinomas. The clinical presentation of a mucocele is nonspecific and often an incidental finding at operation for acute appendicitis. If mucocoele is allowed to rupture either spontaneously or during surgery, the escape of mucin and epithelial cells into the peritoneal cavity – Pseudomyxoma Peritonei – may occur. Presentation of case We present the case of a 35 years old pregnant woman, who was admitted to the accident and emergency department with history and ultrasound findings suggestive of acute appendicitis. The ultrasound scan also confirmed a viable fetus at about 23week’s gestational age. She had an open appendectomy. The intra-operative findings were an enlarged, tense, cystic retro-caecal appendix which was about 14cm×5cm×3cm in dimensions. Histopathological examination confirmed mucocoele of the appendix. She had normal vaginal delivery at term and postoperative follow up for 1 year was uneventful. Discussion Mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon disorder with nonspecific presentation ranging from asymptomatic disease diagnosed incidentally to clinical features of appendicitis. The treatment is surgery. Conclusion Appendiceal mucocoele is difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and a giant size of the simple mucocoele may be connected to hormonal influence of pregnancy. In the index case, as in majority of cases, the definitive diagnosis is made at surgery.
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a pod extract of Cola nitida: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and application as a paint additive
(2016) Lateef A; Azeez MA; Asafa TB; Yekeen TA; Akinboro A; Oladipo IC; Azeez L; Ajibade SE; Ojo SA; Gueguim-Kana EB; Beukes LS
This work reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the pod extract of Cola nitida, the evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and their application as an antimicrobial additive in paint. The AgNPs were characterized with UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNP solution was dark brown with a maximum absorbance occurring at 431.5nm. The FTIR spectrum showed strong peaks at 3336.85, 2073.48, and 1639.49cm−1, indicating that proteins acted as the capping and stabilization agents in the synthesis of the AgNPs. The AgNPs were spherical, with sizes ranging from 12 to 80nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that silver was the prominent metal present, while the selected area electron diffraction pattern conformed to the face-centred cubic phase and crystalline nature of AgNPs. At various concentrations between 50 and 150μg/ml, the AgNPs showed strong inhibition of the growth of multidrug resistant strains of Klebsiella granulomatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. In addition, at 5μg/ml, the AgNPs completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and A. fumigatus in a paint-AgNP admixture. The AgNPs exhibited a potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 43.98μg/ml against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and a ferric ion reduction of 13.62–49.96% at concentrations of 20–100μg/ml. This study has demonstrated the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs that have potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and potential biomedical and industrial applications. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to use the pod extract of C. nitida for the green synthesis of nanoparticles.
Otologic and audiologic characteristics of type 2 diabetics in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria
(2016) Adebola SO; Olamoyegun MA; Sogebi OA; Iwuala SO; Babarinde JA; Oyelakin AO
Introduction This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at the Diabetes outpatient clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital (LTH) Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Objective This study assessed patterns of otologic diseases and auditory acuity among type 2 diabetics and determinants of these findings among diabetics. Methods Ninety-seven consenting patients with clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (194 ears) were matched for age and sex with ninety non-diabetic patients (180 ears). These patients were screened using otoscopy and pure tone audiometry over a 6-month period. Results The study reported a crude prevalence rate of 21.6% hearing loss in T2DM patients. The most common type of otologic disease that showed significant association with T2DM patients was otitis media with effusion (p=0.027). T2DM was significantly associated with abnormal audiometric findings (p=0.022), particularly sensorineural hearing loss (p=0.022), of the moderate grade (p=0.057). There were no differences of the audilogical findings for any particular ear, and no differential affectation of frequency range was observed. Coexisting hypertension and poor glycaemic control were significantly associated with aggravation of the hearing of the T2DM patients (p < 0.001, and p=0.009 respectively). Conclusion T2DM had appreciable effects on hearing acuity. T2DM was significantly associated with the type and the degree of the hearing loss. The need for screening of hearing acuity of T2DM patients, in order to detect early changes, and promptly offer an adequate management and remedial measures was emphasized in this study. Resumo Introdução Este estudo de caso-controle foi realizado no Ambulatório de Diabetes do LAUTECH Teaching Hospital (LTH), em Ogbomoso, Nigéria. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou os padrões de doenças otológicas e acuidade auditiva entre os diabéticos tipo 2 e os fatores determinantes desses achados entre os diabéticos. Método Ao todo, 97 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de diabetes melito (194 orelhas) deram seu consentimento e foram pareados por idade e sexo, com 90 pacientes não diabéticos (180 orelhas). Eles foram avaliados por otoscopia e audiometria tonal liminar por um período de seis meses. Resultados O estudo relatou uma taxa de prevalência bruta de 21,6% de perda auditiva em pacientes com DM2. O tipo mais comum de doença otológica, afetando significativamente pacientes com DM2, foi otite média com efusão (p=0,027). A DM2 foi associada com achados audiométricos alterados (p=0,022), principalmente perda auditiva neurossensorial (p=0,012), de grau moderado (p=0,057). Não houve predileção dos efeitos da DM2 para uma das orelhas em particular, e também não houve efeito diferencial da faixa de frequência. A coexistência de hipertensão e controle glicêmico inadequado associou-se significativamente à piora da audição dos pacientes com DM2 (p<0,001 e p=0,009, respectivamente). Conclusão A DM2 mostrou apresentar efeitos significantes na acuidade auditiva afetando significativamente o tipo e o grau da disacusia. Este estudo mostrou a necessidade de avaliação da acuidade auditiva de pacientes com DM2, a fim de detectar as alterações iniciais, e poder rapidamente oferecer medidas corretivas adequadas.
Safety evaluation of green synthesized Cola nitida pod, seed and seed shell extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an Allium cepa assay
(2017) Yekeen TA; Azeez MA; Akinboro A; Lateef A; Asafa TB; Oladipo IC; Oladokun SO; Ajibola AA
The increase in the use of nanoparticles in various fields of human endeavours calls for the need to understand the toxic potential of green synthesized nanoparticles. Cytogenotoxic potentials of green synthesized Cola pod (Cp-AgNPs), seed (Cs-AgNPs) and seed shell (Css-AgNPs) silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate salts (Ags) were evaluated using an A. cepa assay. Twenty onion bulbs were exposed to 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0μg/ml AgNPs and Ags solutions. Microscopic evaluation was performed at 24, 48 and 72h with 5000 cells per concentration scored for chromosomal aberrations, while the effects on the root growth were evaluated at 72h. The observed dividing cells and mitotic inhibition were dose-dependent for the three AgNPs and Ags at 24, 48 and 72h. Mitotic index obtained for 1.0, 10 and 100μg/mL at all times of evaluation were less than half the value of the negative control, while cell arrest was only observed at 72h at a concentration of 100μg/mL for the three AgNPs. The chromosomal aberrations observed were c-mitosis, a chromosome bridge, a vagrant chromosome, and a sticky chromosome, which indicate the potential of AgNPs for genotoxicity. The mean root length of A. cepa treated with AgNPs showed a dose-dependent significant decrease compared to the control, indicating their inhibitory potential, but the mean root lengths were found to be lower at all concentrations compared to those treated with Ags, thus showing the attenuation of growth inhibition. The EC50 values revealed the order of growth inhibition as Ags>Cp-AgNPs>Css-AgNPs>Cs-AgNPs. The cytogenotoxic potential of the AgNPs suggests that caution should be exercised in their usage to prevent environmental pollution.
Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome in a Nigerian
(2017) Adebayo PB; Bakare A; Bello MM; Olaewe OD; Wahab KW
Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare, but important cause of drug-resistant seizures. Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome is a constellation of clinical features that consists of hemiparesis, seizure, facial asymmetry, and intellectual disability with distinct neuroimaging features. A 27-year-old lady presented to us with drug-resistant epilepsy, hemiparesis, and intellectual disability that necessitated her withdrawal from school. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral hemiatrophy, calvarial thickening, and hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinuses consistent with DDMS. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of DDMS and advocate early referral and evaluation of people with epilepsy in sub-Saharan African settings.
Comparative susceptibility of two developmental stages of hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus Degeer, 1774) to ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil
(2018) Babarinde SA; Sunnie-Ododo MO; Akanbi WB; Oyegoke OO; Tijani R; Olaobaju SF
The pesticidal effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) against two developmental stages (adult and larva) of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, a key pest of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was evaluated under laboratory condition (32±2°C temperature and 70±3% relative humidity). At 6h after exposure (HAE), 25.80and36.23% mortality in 0.99and1.33μl/ml air respectively was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 9.2% mortality observed in 0.33μl/ml air. Percentage mortality observed in 0.99–1.33μl/ml air at 12and18HAE was significantly (p<0.05) higher than mortality observed in other lower doses of GEO. The results of the larval bioassay follow the same trend as observed in adult bioassay except that higher percentage mortality was observed in larva than in adult. At 6–18HAE, 28.25–90.00% larval mortality at application doses of 0.33–1.33μl/ml air was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 4.60% mortality observed in the control. The LD50 of GEO against larva at 6HAE 2.74 (2.17–3.81) μl/ml air was different from 1.69 (1.32–2.03)μl/ml air and 1.36 (1.05–1.63) μl/ml air LD50 for 12and18 HAE respectively. For adult bioassay, 2.80 (2.50–3.19)μl/ml air was significantly higher than 1.85 (1.49–2.21)μl/ml air being LD50 for 12and18HAE. The study reveals that D. maculatus larva was more susceptible to GEO than adult.
Effect of Organic Loading Rate on Biogas Yields of Pig Slurry in a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor at Mesophilic Temperature
(2019) Adebayo AO; Jekayinfa SO; Ahmed NA; Ogunkunle O
Renewable energy appears to be a way out of the associated challenges of the conventional sources of energy. One of these renewable sources is biogas. Biogas is the gas produced when anaerobic bacteria act on organic matters in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic digestion has been considered as waste-to-energy technology. In this work, attempt was made to determine the effect of organic Loading Rate (OLR) on biogas production potential of pig slurry using a Continuously-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) operated at mesophilic temperature (37oC). A 12-litre capacity CSTR was loaded with 8 litres pre-cultivated sludge as inoculum, leaving a free space for gas production. The loading of the calculated amount of pig manure into the reactor was commenced at a LR of 1.5goTS/l.d and was increased weekly by 0.5 goTS/l.d until an OLR of 5.0 goTS/l.d was reached. The biogas yields at OLR of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 goTS/l.d were 0.255, 0.190, 0.170, 0.180, 0.170, 0.140, 0.120 and 0.140 m3/kgODM, respectively, with corresponding methane yields of 0.153, 0.12, 0.11, 0.11,0.11, 0.09, 0.08, and 0.09 lCH4/goDM. Biogas yield of 0.255m3/kgoDM was recorded as the highest at an OLR of 1.5 goTS/l.d. Summarily, pig manure was found to be best digested at OLR of 1.5 goTS/l.d in a CSTR at mesophilic temperature.
Bio-physical effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on blood parameters, spermatozoa, liver, kidney and heart of albino rats
(2019) Adebayo EA; Adeeyo AO; Ogundiran MA; Olabisi O
Current study aimed at determining the consequence of Radiofrequency (≈1800 MHz) electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the histological, hematological and histochemical properties of selected tissues of rat and to assess morphological changes associated with such exposures. Three groups of thirty rats of which two groups of twenty rats were subjected to average radiation of ≈1.40 W/cm2 at 24 m from the base of two different telecommunications network mast for 5 weeks. Histochemical, hematological and histological analyses of the rats were afterward carried out on selected tissues of the experimental animals using standard procedures. Impacts of radiation were noted in the exposed groups of rats. There was rise in white blood cells with variations in other blood parameters; the sperm motility and sperm count of the exposed rats is lower than the control; the liver of the exposed rats shows pronounced dilated sinusoids, distorted architecture, hyperchromatic nuclei, congested central vein, with change of hepatocytes structure; the heart shows gross distortion of cardiac muscular architecture with distorted irregular cardiac muscle fibres and wider interfibres spaces; kidney showing hyperchromatic nuclei, gradual loss and degeneration of flattened squamous epithelial cells lining and testis shows grossly distorted seminiferous tubules and epididymis with loss of cellular structure and an area of inflammatory changes with complete absence of spermatozoa, which may lead to low fertility. This study shows that radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation may induce morphological changes in various tissues of living systems in rat.
Dietary composition modulates impact of food-added monosodium glutamate on behaviour, metabolic status and cerebral cortical morphology in mice
(2019) Onaolapo AY; Odetunde I; Akintola AS; Ogundeji MO; Ajao A; Obelawo AY; Onaolapo OJ
Effects of food-added monosodium glutamate (MSG) on neurobehaviour, serum biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and changes in cerebral cortex, liver and kidney morphology were assessed in mice fed standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Animals were assigned to 8 groups [SD control, HFD control, and six groups fed MSG plus SD or HFD at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg of feed]. Animals were fed for 8 weeks, behavioural tests were conducted, and blood was taken for estimation of biochemical parameters and MDA level. Whole brain was homogenised for neurochemical assays, while the cerebrum, liver and kidneys were processed for histology. In groups fed MSG/SD, there was a decrease in weight gain, increase in food-intake, an increase in locomotion, a decrease in rearing/grooming, and a decrease in anxiety-response. Also observed were derangements in biochemical parameters, increased MDA, and alteration of renal morphology. Compared to HFD, MSG/HFD groups had reduction in weight gain, food-intake, grooming and anxiety-response, an increase in locomotion, and improved memory. Protection against biochemical derangements and HFD-induced organ injuries were also observed. In conclusion, the findings suggest that possible interactions that may occur between dietary constituents and MSG are determinants of the effects of food-added MSG in mice.
Body dysmorphic disorder in patients attending a dermatology clinic in Nigeria: sociodemographic and clinical correlates*
(2019) Akinboro AO; Adelufosi AO; Onayemi O; Asaolu SO
Abstract Background: Body dysmorphic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric disorder in the context of dermatology and cosmetic and plastic surgery but is underdiagnosed and underreported in Africa. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and symptoms of anxiety/depression and determine their sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Methods: A systematic random sampling design was made to recruit 114 patients with skin diseases. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Modification of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered, and data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Mean age of participants was 37.70±17.47 years, and 67/114 (58.8%) were females. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder was 41/114 (36.0%), and prevalence of anxiety/depression symptoms was 35/114 (30.7%). Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anxiety/depression symptoms was 15/41 (36.6%), and patients with facial disorders expressed the highest burden of anxiety/depression symptoms, in 15/35 (42.9%). Factors associated with significantly higher mean body dysmorphic disorder include age<50years (p=0.039), and anxiety/depression (p<0.001), education below high school was associated with higher mean anxiety/depression score (P= 0.031). In a binary logistic regression model, presence of anxiety/depression symptoms was predictive of body dysmorphic disorder (OR=10.0, CI: 4.1-28.2, p<0.001). Study limitations: the study is uncontrolled, conducted in a single source of care, thus limiting generalization to nonrelated settings. Conclusion: Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is high among dermatology patients and most prevalent in facial disorders. Facial diseases are associated with the highest burden of anxiety/depression symptoms. This is a clarion call for dermatologists to routinely assess for body dysmorphic disorder and appropriately refer affected patients to mental health care.
Survey dataset on open and distance learning students’ intention to use social media and emerging technologies for online facilitation
(2020) Arulogun OT; Akande ON; Akindele AT; Badmus TA
Open and Distance Learning (ODL) students rely majorly on the use of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) tools for online facilitation and other activities supporting learning. With emphasis on ODL students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Oyo Sta te, Nigeria; Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) has being the major medium for online facilitation for the past 5 years. Therefore, this data article presents a survey dataset that was administered to LAUTECH ODL students with a view to assess their readiness to accept and use alternative social media platforms and emerging technologies for online facilitation. The data article also includes questionnaire instrument administered via google form, 900 responses received in spreadsheet formats, chats generated from the responses, the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) file, the descriptive and reliability statistics for all the variables. Authors believe that the dataset will guide policy makers on the choice of social media and emerging technologies to be adopted as a facilitation tool for ODL students. It will also reveal the challenges that could militate against the willingness to use these supplementary modes of learning from students’ perspectives.
Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities
(2020) Badmus JA; Oyemomi SA; Adedosu OT; Yekeen TA; Azeez MA; Adebayo EA; Lateef A; Badeggi UM; Botha S; Hussein AA; Marnewick JL
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is reputed to have a robust range of biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bio-fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata were characterized and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The extract induced colour change of silver salt solution which absorbed at 420 nm and confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR showed that free amide and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the synthesized nanoparticles. Both XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. The zeta potential revealed -27.2 mV potential and average distribution size of 35 nm. DLS indicated that the majority of the particles were 86.78 nm size and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.329. AgNPs displayed strong activities against DPPH (IC50 = 51.80 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 30.78 μg/ml), α-amylase (IC50 = 0.90 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml). The particles exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation with effective antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacterial strains and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell line. These findings revealed the potential biomedical applications of the particles and further work will be required to establish its molecular mechanism of action.
Dataset on Insilico approaches for 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one urea derivatives as efficient Staphylococcus aureus inhibitor
(2020) Oyebamiji AK; Abdulsalami IO; Semire B
Series of anti- Staphylococcus aureus were studied via quantum chemical method and several molecular descriptors were obtained which were further used to develop QSAR model using back propagation neural network method using MATLAB. More so, the molecular interaction observed between 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one Urea Derivatives and Staphylococcus aureus Sortase (PDB ID Code: 2kid) via docking was used as a screening tool for the studied compounds. The observed molecular compounds used in this work was also correlated to Lipinski rule of five and the developed QSAR model using selected descriptors from the optimized compounds was also examined for its predictability. Also, the observed molecular docking revealed the interaction between the studied complex.
The effects on oxidative aging, physical and flow properties of Agbabu natural bitumen modified with silver nanoparticles
(2020) Olabemiwo OM; Lateef A; Agunbiade FO; Akanji SB; Bakare HO
The quest for improvement in service life and performance of road pavement via reduction of oxidative aging failure of bitumen, led us to the investigation of novel application of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as potential anti-oxidative material for Agbabu natural bitumen (ANB). The raw ANB was purified to form the base and the base modified in a stainless reactor using AgNPs via melt blend technique at temperature of 120 °C under stirring at 1200rpm. The proportions of AgNPs used for the modification were 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 wt% and long-term aging was thermally simulated on the base and modified base samples at 60 °C. The aged samples were then subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analysis to study the changes in the size of the peaks of the oxidation-related compounds. Physical and flow parameters (PFPs) of the base and modified base samples were characterized using softening point temperature, kinematic viscosity, penetration index, flash and fire points, penetration, kinematic viscosity and Oscillatory disc Rheometer (ODR) test. FTIR analysis showed that the AgNPs incorporation into ANB at 1797 cm−1, 1217 cm−1, 1300 cm−1 and 1097 cm−1 in the spectrum of the base sample. The sulphoxide peaks at 1031 cm−1 was completely obliterated. There was progressive reduction in the area of the carbonyl peak at 1693 cm−1 implying progressive lowering of the carbonyl index value with increasing in the amount of AgNPs used in the modification. These changes are attributable to the anti-oxidative potential of the AgNPs. The mechanism of the anti-oxidative effect of AgNPs is proposed to be due to scavenging of the free radical produced in the oxidation process. The values of softening point temperature, kinematic viscosity, penetration index, and flash and fire points increased while that of penetration and specific gravity reduced as the quantity of AgNPs in the base increased. The ODR test showed that, the modified samples compared to base sample at lower and higher road pavement temperatures are less prone to fatigue cracking and rutting, respectively. Thus, this study provides preliminary information about the novelty of AgNPs as potential antioxidant for improving the durability/performance of bitumen in pavements.
Use of experimental test systems in the application of electric microgrid technology across the sub-Saharan Africa: A review
(2020) Ajewole TO; Olabode OE; Babalola OS; Omoigui MO
Electric microgrid is counted with the emerging technologies recently identified as being required for revolutionizing Africa within the space of one decade. The place of innovative research and development on various components of microgrid systems is also found pivotal and indispensable to the envisioned massive deployment of the technology across the sub-Saharan region of the continent. It has, however, become a global practice to employ specially developed experimental microgrid test systems as dedicated research tools for establishing design criteria and evaluating operational performances of microgrids in efficient way. This study therefore presents a survey on the availability and deployment of microgrid test systems across the nations of the sub-Saharan Africa. Available literatures published on the concept, though very scanty and not readily accessible, are thoroughly reviewed and reported in this survey. It is found that while there are few instances of works done on development and application of on-the-site demonstration microgrid as experimental facilities, laboratory-based microgrid emulators as test systems does not have much popularity despite being comparatively cost effective in design and development. This discovery could influence researchers, utility providers, national governments, regional organizations, research funders, as well as other stakeholders across the region into embracing the deployment of microgrid test systems in order to enhance seamlessness in the adaptation of the technology to the African context for its efficient application across the African sub-Sahara.
Investigation of Hepatitis C virus among blood donors in Kwara state
(2020) Jimah E; Felix O; Ashaka O; Omoare A; Oladipo KE; Agbede OO
Data on the survival times of breast cancer patients in a Teaching Hospital, Osogbo
(2020) Awodutire PO; Kolawole OA; Ilori OR
In a bid to assess the contribution of prognostic factors to survival times of breast cancer patients from day of presentation in Nigeria, a data was collected from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Osogbo. This is a retrospective data culled from the case note files of the breast cancer patients. The survival time of the patients was recorded as the difference between the day of presentation and the day of last contact. The data is censored at 1 year. The prognostic factors considered are years of breastfeeding(In years), Age at menarche, stage at presentation, neoadjuvant treatment offered and use of contraceptives. Four survival models were applied to the data to assess the contribution of the prognostic factors to survival times
Optimization of media components and fermentation conditions for citric acid production from sweet potato peel starch hydrolysate by Aspergillus niger
(2020) Aboyeji OO; Oloke JK; Arinkoola AO; Oke MA; Ishola MM
This study investigated sweet potato peel waste as the main carbon source and determine the effect of media components and operating conditions on citric acid (CA) production by Aspergillus niger under submerged fermentation. The sweet potato peel waste is of low-cost readily-available and serve as hydrolysate for CA production. Two sets of experiments were performed using experimental design technique. The first set was designed using a low resolution 2-level factorial which was deployed for parameter screening. The other set of experiments was designed using 3-level design algorithm and was deployed for model development and optimization. The results from parameter screening showed that carbon source (CS), nitrogen concentration (NC), fermentation time (FT) and pH were the “heavy hitters” with significant impact on CA production. The developed model is predictive (R2 = 0.948) with optimum CA (3.22 mg/mL) obtained at CS (97.25%), NC (1.25%w/v), FT (7 days), and pH (6.5). This setting was validated experimentally and resulted in CA yield of 4.36 ± 006 mg/ml, representing a 135%-fold increase over the predicted yield. The present investigation shows that sweet potato peels hydrolysate is a viable and sustainable substrate for CA production.

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