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Item DNA synthesis in prokaryotes: Replication(1973) Smith DWItem Gm1 Ganglioside β-Galactosidase A: PURIFICATION AND STUDIES OF THE ENZYME FROM HUMAN LIVER(1974) Norden AG; Tennant LL; O'Brien JSGm1-ganglioside β-galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.23) has been purified 17,000-fold from human liver. The enzyme appeared as a single band of protein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Double immunodiffusion of rabbit anti-β-galactosidase A antiserum against either Gm1 β-galactosidase A or liver supernatant gave a single precipitin band. The apparent molecular weight was 65,000 to 75,000 by gel filtration of the native enzyme and 72,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the denatured, reduced, and carboxymethylated enzyme. The purified enzyme liberated d-galactose from synthetic chromogenic and fluorogenic β-d-galactosides, as well as lactose, N-acetyllactosamine, and the glycoprotein asialofetuin. The same catalytic site(s) appeared to be responsible for the hydrolysis of Gm1-ganglioside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. The enzyme also cleaved β-d-fucoside and α-l-arabinoside linkages. Lactulose, galactosyl-hydroxylysine, galactosyl-hydroxylysyl peptides, galactocerebroside, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride were very poor susbtrates. Anti-β-galactosidase A antiserum quantitatively precipitated both β-galactosidase A and β-galactosidase B. Neutral β-glucosidase (“nonspecific” β-galactosidase), galactocerebroside β-galactosidase, and lactosylceramide β-galactosidase were not precipitated by anti-β-galactosidase A antiersum.Item Peptide inhibition of myointimal proliferation by angiopeptin, a somatostatin analogue(1991) Lundergan CF; Foegh ML; Ramwell PWVascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia is a major component of atherogenesis in various animal models. Angiopeptin, a cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, markedly inhibits myointimal proliferation in response to endothelial cell injury in the rat carotid artery, rabbit aorta and iliac arteries and in coronary arteries of transplanted rabbit hearts. Angiopeptin does not affect serum lipid profiles in nonhuman primates. It is unlikely, therefore, that its antiproliferative effect is mediated by alterations in cholesterol metabolism. Angiopeptin and other peptide analogues of somatostatin are potent inhibitors of growth hormone release and insulin-like growth factor-1 production. However, inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation in vivo is not a property common to all somatostatin analogues. This suggests that plasma growth hormone and growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor-1 production are not physiologic stimuli for myointimal proliferation in vivo. Angiopeptin inhibits 3H-thymidine incorporation into rat carotid artery explants, suggesting a local effect on automne or paracrine mechanisms regulating cell growth. In view of its potent inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cell replication, angiopeptin may have clinical utility in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and in preventing accelerated coronary atherosclerosis after cardiac transplantation.Item Laser balloon angioplasty: Potential for reduction of the thrombogenicity of the injured arterial wall and for local application of bioprotective materials(1991) Spears JR; Kundu SK; McMath LPMitigation of adverse biologic reactivity after balloon angioplasty is necessary before the incidence of restenosis can be appreciably reduced. A brief review of experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the thrombogenicity of the injured arterial wall can be reduced by a suitable level of thermal denaturation or cross-linking of thrombogenic proteins. In addition, the concept of local pharmacologic therapy, which can be provided with laser balloon angioplasty at the site of arterial injury, is introduced. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo data suggest that guide catheter-injected albumin-heparin conjugates fabricated as waterinsoluble microspheres remain adherent to the injured luminal surface and deeper arterial layers after physical trapping by the inflated balloon and subsequent laser/thermal exposure. The combination of initially adequate luminal morphology, reduction of the thrombogenicity of the injured arterial wall and application of local pharmacologic therapy with laser balloon angioplasty may eventually prove helpful in reducing the incidence of restenosis.Item Fish oils in the prevention of atherosclerosis(1992) Israel DH; Gorlin RThe hypothesis that oils derived from the flesh of fish and marine mammals inhibit the atherosclerotic process is critically reviewed. Populations consuming a diet rich in fish have low rates of coronary heart disease. Dietary fish oil is associated with changes in serum lipids, prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism, enhanced endothelial function and effects on growth factors released from platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Dietary fish oil supplementation has been associated with inhibition of atherosclerosis experimentally induced by dietary hyperlinidemia and balloon injury. Results of studies of the use of fish oil to inhibit postangioplasty restenosis in human subjects have bees inconclusive.Item The rt-PA versus streptokinase controversy—III(1992) Sherry S; Marder VJItem Recursively indefinite databases(1993) van der Meyden RWe define recursively indefinite databases, a new type of logical database in which indefinite information arises from partial knowledge of the fixpoint of a Datalog program. Although, in general, query answering is undecidable, we show that queries containing only basic predicates and monadic defined predicates are decidable. The main contribution of the paper is an analysis of the complexity of query answering for this class of queries. We demonstrate a class of databases which generalizes disjunctive databases, but without increasing data complexity. We also establish connections with the theory of hypergraph edge replacement graph grammars.Item Intracoronary irradiation markedly reduces restenosis after balloon angioplasty in a porcine model(1994) Wiedermann JG; Marboe C; Amols H; Schwartz A; Weinberger JObjectives. This study examined the effects of intracoronary Irradiation on neointimal proliferation after overstretch balloon angioplasty in a normolipemic swine model of restenosis. Background. Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty represents, in part, a proliferative response of vascular smooth muscle at the site of injury. We have previously shown that ionizing radiation, delivered by means of an intracoronary source, causes focal medial fibrosis. We therefore hypothesized that ntracoronary irradiation delivered at the time of balloon angtoplasty might impair the restenosis process. Methods. Nineteen juvenile swine underwent coronary angiography; a segment of the coronary artery was chosen as a target for balloon injury. In 10 swine, a ribbon of iridiun-192 was positioned at the target segment, and 2,000 cGy was delivered at the vessel wall. Subsequently, overdilation balloon angioplasty was perfromed at the irradiated segment. In nine control swine, overdilation balloon angioplasty was performed without previous irradiation. Eighteen animals survived and were killed at 30 days. Histopathologic analysis was performed by a pathologist in blinded manner. The area of maximal lumen compromise within the target segment was analyzed by computer-assisted planimetry. Results. In the control group, mean (± SD) neointimal area was 0.84 ± 0.60 mm2compared with that in the irradiated group, 0.24 ± 0.13 mm2(p = 0.01). In the control group, mean percent area stenosis was 47.6 ± 20.7%, whereas that in the irradiated group was 17.6 ± 10.5% (p = 0.001). This represents a 71.4% reduction in neointimal area and a 63.0% reduction in percent area stenosis in the irradiated group. Adjacent coronary segments and surrounding myocardium were unaffected. Conclusions. Intracoronary irradiation (2,000 cGy) delivered to a target porcine coronary segment before balloon overdilation markedly reduces neointima formation at 30 days and thus significantly impairs the restenosis process.Item Preliminary Studies of the Chemical Composition and Sensory Properties of Sweet Potato Starch-Wheat Flour Blend Noodles(2013) Ibitoye WO; Afolabi MO; Otegbayo BO; Akintola ACABSTRACT Preliminary studies of chemical composition and sensory properties of instant noodles from blends of wheat flour and sweet potato starch were carried out. Sweet potato starch was used to replace wheat flour at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%. Proximate, vitamin A, mineral analysis and sensory evaluation were carried out by standard methods. Results showed that the formulated noodles had higher carbohydrate (63.34 – 70.53%), moisture (4.34 – 4.97%) and vitamin A (11.62 – 35.00mg/100g) but lower protein (3.36 – 7.89%), fat (16.91 – 25.09%), calcium (0.73 – 0.89%), phosphorus (0.24 – 0.32%), iron (0.10 – 0.27%) and ash content (1.17 – 3.17%) than the commercial noodles from wheat flour. The noodles containing 30% sweet potato starch showed no significant difference (p>0.05) from commercial noodles (100% wheat flour) in terms of colour, crunchiness, taste and general acceptability, with improved nutrient composition. It is concluded that production and consumption of wheat flour/potato starch blend noodles should be encouraged to increase the calorie and vitamin A intake in the diet, especially for children who are the major consumers of noodles; apart from helping to promote and improve the utilization of sweet potato tubers.Item Effect of Storage on the Pasting Characteristics of Yam Tubers(2014) Otegbayo BOABSTRACT Yam is a popular root and tuber crop which is important as a dietary staple and potential export crop. Storage of yam tubers is an age long practice in yam growing communities of West Africa, while pasting characteristic is an important indicator of potential utilization of yam tubers. The study was carried out to investigate effect of storage of the tubers on their pasting characteristics. Six varieties each of D. alata and D. rotundata were used for the study. At harvest, the tubers were divided into two groups. The first group was stored in a conventional open-air yam barn for four months, while tubers in the second group were not stored. Pasting characteristics of both fresh and stored tubers were determined by Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). The result showed that the effect of storage on the yam tubers were species dependent. In D. alata there was an increase in peak viscosity (231.36 to 257.56 RVU), breakdown (71.68 to 122.47 RVU), setback (42.58 to 65.99 RVU), while there was a decrease in most of the parameters except break-down and setback viscosities in D. rotundata. Generally, a decrease in peak viscosity, holding strength, final viscosity and peak time of the yam tubers during storage was observed, while the breakdown and setback viscosities of the tubers increased significantly (p<0.05) on storage. The industrial implication of this is that starches of stored tubers may have high retrogradation tendencies but more resistance to shear-thinning and have more paste stability during processing.Item Feasibility of commencing the international public sector accounting standards in Oyo State, Nigeria(2014) Oyewobi, I. A.In the current global revolution in government accounting, International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) are proposed for adoption by governments around the world. Nigeria adopted IPSAS in 2010 and initially implementation was to commence in 2014. The study assessed the feasibility of commencing IPSAS in Oyo State. In achieving this aim the study found out the degree of awareness of IPSAS, workshops organized on IPSAS and prospects for accelerating commencement of IPSAS in the MDAs in Oyo State. Three research questions were drawn for the study. Samples of the study were selected from ministry (1), department (1) and agencies (4) in Oyo State. In all, a total of 45 subjects were selected for the study. A questionnaire on feasibility of commencing IPSAS in Oyo State was developed for the study. Six hypotheses were formulated and tested for the study. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages, Pearson correlation, regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was revealed that there is a positive relationship between the feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS and the degree of awareness of IPSAS at (r = 0.532; p<0.05), there is a weak positive relationship between the feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS and prospect for accelerating commencement of IPSAS at (r = 0.386; p<0.05) and there is a very weak positive relationship between the feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS and workshop, seminar and conference organized on IPSAS at (r = 0.154; p>0.05. The study also showed that there is a significant joint effect of each variable of the study (degree of awareness, prospect for accelerating commencement and workshop, seminar and conference organised) on feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS at (0.05 alpha level F (3,41) = 5,888, P<0.05). Overall, the study revealed that it is not certain that IPSAS will commence in the next one year or two years to come. In essence, the government should adequately support the MDAs in the areas of capacity building and provide necessary material in order to fast track the implementation of IPSAS in Oyo State.Item IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MICROBES IN CHICKEN EGGS (UNFERTILISED) SOILED WITH FEACAL DROPPINGS(2014) OLANIREGUN, Christiana BolajiThe effect of poultry feacal soilage on the microbial counts in the yolk and albumen of table eggs was studied alongside the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella Species obtained from the internal egg contents. Fresh table eggs were soaked in feacal poultry droppings for 0 hour (Control- no soaking), 12 hours,24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours, respectively and microbial counts in the internal contents of the eggs enumerated on nutrient agar for aerobic bacterial count, Bairl Parker Agar for Staphylococcus aureus count, Eosin Methylene Blue agar for Enterobacteriaceae counts, Salmonella – Shigella agar for Salmonella- Shigella counts, and Potato Dextrose agar for Fungal and Mould counts. Generally, a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in aerobic plate counts, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae count, Salmonella-Shigella count and fungal soiling. Suggesting increased microbial penetration through the shell membrane into the internal content of the table eggs. Identified microorganisms associated with soiled internal content of table eggs included Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia species, Klebsiella species, Bacillus brevis, Shigella species Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella species, Bacillis pumitus, Citrobacter species and Kluyvera species, Edwardsiella species, Cedecea species, Escherichia coli. Multiple antibiotics resistance to ceftazidin, cloxacillin and erythromycin was observed to occur in S. aureus at 48 hours while shigella species were resistant to Gentamicin at 48 hours and therefore table eggs should be collected frequently from the cage and kept cool always to prevent bacterial growth and further studies should be carried out on the detrimental effect of these organism on human health.Item Bromate and trace metal levels in bread loaves from outlets within Ile-Ife Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria(2014) Oyekunle JA; Adekunle AS; Ogunfowokan AO; Olutona GO; Omolere OBBread loaves randomly sampled from nine outlets and bakeries within Ile-Ife were analysed to determine their safety levels for human consumption with respect to bromate and trace metal contents. Bromate determination was carried out via spectrophotometric method while trace metals in the digested bread samples were profiled using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Bromate levels in the analyzed bread samples ranged from 2.051 ± 0.011 μg/g to 66.224 ± 0.014 μg/g while the trace metal levels were of the order: 0.03–0.10 μg/g Co = 0.03–0.10 μg/g Pb < 0.23–0.46 μg/g Cu < 2.23–6.63 μg/g Zn < 25.83–75.53 μg/g Mn. This study revealed that many bread bakers around Ile-Ife had not fully complied with the bromate-free rule stipulated by NAFDAC contrary to the “bromate free” inscribed on the labels of the bread. The bread samples contained both essential and toxic trace metals to levels that could threaten the health of consumers over prolonged regular consumption.Item Towards the development of shelf stable ‘iru’ (Parkia biglobosa) condiment bouillon cubes using corn, cassava and potato starch extracts as binders(2015) Ajayi OA; Akinrinde IM; Akinwunmi OOAfrican locust bean (Parkia biglobosa), fermented into “iru” or “dadawa” is a nutritious condiment featured frequently in the diet of people of Nigeria and other West African countries. Many consumers benefit from the nutrients, and enjoy the aroma of fermented locust bean seed in their foods. However, some dislike seeing the locust beans and would pick them out of their meals depriving themselves of the nutrients. The availability of iru as fermented, ground and shelf stable bouillon cube may increase the acceptability of this condiment. The objective was to develop a shelf stable iru bouillon with starches as binders. Fermented, dried and ground locust bean with binders were prepared in the ratio of 40:10 and 30:20 locust bean:binder and cubed. Microbial and proximate analyses of the cubes were carried out. Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated following bouillon cube production. Cassava starch bouillons had the highest moisture content (24.5% and 29.3%). Bouillons with corn starch had the highest amount of fat (22.0%), followed by cassava starch (19.6%), while bouillon cubes with potato binder had the highest crude protein content (33.9%). Iru without binders had the lowest moisture (11.5%) and ash (1.7%), the highest crude fat (30.0%) and the highest crude protein (46.3%) contents. Only Bacillus subtilis was isolated from all the samples after 9 months of storage, indicating that shelf stable iru bouillon cubes is possible, without chemical preservatives. Conclusively, iru bouillon cubes with binders improved the shelf life from few days to over nine months without compromising the safety of the product.Item COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION AMONG LARGE SCALE AND MEDIUM SCALE POULTRY FARMERS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE(2015) AKINSOLA, EUNICE OLUWADAMILOLAPoultry farms provide meat, egg and employment for people and at the same time it generates large quantities of waste materials. A survey was carried out in Abeokuta, Odeda local Government Area (LGA) of ogun states using both large scale and medium scale poultry farms to identify thepoultry waste materials and to know their management, utilization and disposal methods with a view to comparing the management and utilization of poultry waste among large scale and medium scale poultry farmers. Primary data for the study were collected from 80 poultry farmers using well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis involving frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the farmers socio-economic status. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis was used to compare waste management, utilization and disposal method between large and medium scale poultry farms within the study area. Independent t-test analysis was used to investigate the difference between income of large and medium scale poultry farms. The result obtained from this study shows that 85.0% large scale farms indicated that they do treat their waste compared to 87.5% medium scale poultry farmers.Also, it can be observed from the result that 12.5% respondents who are large scale poultry farmers indicated that they use chemical treatment in treating their waste compared to 2.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated they use the same method of waste treatment. It was observed that 42.5% large scale farms indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste compare to 52.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste. However, more large scale farms tend to utilize their waste for manure and compost compared to small scale farms and in the same vein, more medium scale farms tend to have no use for their poultry waste compared to the large scale farms.From the findings of this research, the following recommendations are made; 1. Poultry farming in the study area is male dominated. Females need to be encouraged to participate in poultry farming in the area as a means of increasing and improving their standard of living. 2. The government should encourage the poultry farmers to manage and utilize the poultry waste generated in their various farms by introducing new techniques, methods or practices of managing and utilizing their poultry waste. 3. Adequate workshop should be organized in the study area for the dissemination of research findingsItem DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN CHILD LABOUR AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA(2015) OGUNBIYI DOLAPO JOACHIMIn Nigeria, people have variously described children as the future hope or as leaders of tomorrow. Such attributes are often expressed by parents, social critics, political analysts and media commentators, who will always offer sentimental obeisance to the notion that children are indeed the greatest human asset. In effect, it means that children are appreciated, respected, recognized and regarded as valuable human monument worthy of investing upon for the survival and continuous existence of the human race. This study stresses on the need for Nigeria to adopt all the Universal agreements that tend to promote the protection of the rights of the Nigerian citizens, including the child’s rights law, so as to ensure that such rights are not rendered non-justiciable or violated. It is important to bear in mind that recognition of the inherent dignity, equality and the inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.Item Distribution of three non-essential trace metals (Cadmium, Mercury and Lead) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria(2015) Atobatele OE; Olutona GOThe distribution of non-essential trace elements in some vital organs of 11 fish species from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria was assessed between November 2010 and June 2011. The fish species belong to seven families; family Mormyridae, family Cyprinidae, family Hepsetidae and family Channidae each with one species; family Bagridae and family Clariidae each with two species; and family Cichlidae with three species. All families, except Clariidae and Channidae, are common in the daily catch from the reservoir. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the levels of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish organs. The concentration of toxic trace metals in fish ranged from 0.001 to 0.100ppm (Cd), 0.000–0.067ppm (Hg) and 0.001–0.125ppm (Pb) dry weight. This study shows similarity (p>0.05) in the distribution of Cd, Hg and Pb among fish species; and a non-uniform distribution of toxic trace metals within fish organs with Kidney>Liver>Gill≥Intestine≥Muscle. Canonical variate analysis shows clear discrimination of Clarias macromystax and Channa obscura for gill trace metal levels of Cd, Hg and Pb while Labeo senegalensis and Oreochromis niloticus were discriminated for liver trace metal values of Cd and Pb only when compared to other fish species studied. The discrimination of some fish species based on trace metals in the gills and liver suggests different regulatory strategies for trace metal accumulation. Variation due to comparison among different fish species from the same water body suggests that accumulation may be species dependent. Differential accumulation of toxic trace metals in fish organs makes them good bioindicators of freshwater contamination.Item Editorial Board(2015)Item Editorial Board(2015)