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Activation of NF-kB mediates up-regulation of cerebellar and hypothalamic pro-inflammatory chemokines (RANTES and MCP-1) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in acute edible camphor administration
(2019) Somade OT; Ajayi BO; Adeyi OE; Aina BO; David BO; Sodiya ID
Edible camphor (EC) infusions are continually used as an aphrodisiac among other roles. In previous studies, EC had been reported to cause convulsion and seizure in rats. There is a dearth of information associating or relating its consumption to brain inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of various doses of EC in an acute study, on hypothalamic and cerebellar levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in male Wistar rats. Following administration, cerebellar levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly increased by 2000 and 4000 mg/kg EC, while hypothalamic TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly elevated by all the tested doses, and IL-6 level by only 2000 and 4000 mg/kg when compared with control. Besides, EC administration resulted in a significant increase in the expressions of cerebellar and hypothalamic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. Therefore, the misuse and overconsumption of EC could trigger cerebellar and hypothalamic inflammation via EC-induced activation of NF-kB and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Analysis of efficiency of different antennas for microwave ablation using simulation and experimental methods
(2018) Ibitoye AZ; Orotoye T; Nwoye EO; Aweda MA
The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of different antennas proposed for microwave ablation therapy using numerical simulation and experimental approach. The simulation was done with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® software to design antenna prototypes and evaluate its reflection coefficient, power dissipation distribution, power dissipation density, specific absorption rate and temperature distribution in tissue. Antennas were fabricated from a 50 Ω RG405/U semi-rigid coaxial cable to match the geometric prototypes generated during simulation. Ex vivo bovine livers were ablated with the fabricated antennas using 50 W for 5 and 10 min. Ablation diameters, ablation lengths and aspect ratios were determined. Sleeved antenna produced lowest reflection coefficient, high power dissipation, low power dissipation density, high SAR and high temperature in the simulation. Sleeved antenna provides excellent localization, large ablative diameter, low backward heating and high aspect ratio than single slot, dual slot and monopole antennas.
Assessment of occupational related stress among nurses in two selected hospitals in a city southwestern Nigeria
(2019) Faremi FA; Olatubi MI; Adeniyi KG; Salau OR
This study assessed frequency of stressful event among nurses and how stressful they perceived those events to be. This descriptive design study was carried out among nurses in two selected hospitals. In all 183 nurses recruited using simple random sampling participated in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from appropriate IRB. The instrument used for data collection was the Nursing Stress Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Most frequently stressful aspect of nurses work include; inadequate staff to cover ward work load (2.55); performing procedures that patients experience as painful (2.30); and lack of drugs and equipment required for nursing care (2.30). On the overall, workload was the most frequently stressful aspect of nurses’ work followed by death and dying. Three most stressful aspect of nurses’ work was observed to be, not having enough staff to adequately cover the load of the ward (3.72); lack of drugs and equipment required for nursing care (3.45); and death of patient with whom you develop a close relationship (3.43). No significance difference was observed in the level of stress experienced by nurses in the two hospital (99.35 vs 93.27; t = 1.492, p = 0.137). Also, in the level of stress experience by the junior and the senior nurses (99.76 vs 95.41; t = 1.127; p = 0.261). In conclusion, nurses are susceptible to occupational stress because of intense daily activity. Nurses are not ever thought as needing help but only as the care givers.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL (NAFDAC) IN THE CONTROL OF FAKE DRUGS IN KADUNA STATE
(2019) Kenneth ZheihnomKURASON
The proliferation of drugs as a global cancer, has eaten deep into the healthof the general public. It is the greatest evil of our time and the highest weapon of terrorism against public health, as well as an act of economic sabotagethat has led to organ dysfunction, disabilities, worsening of disease condition, loss of public confidence in public health and led to the death of many in the globe and Nigeria is not an exception.Most of these drugs are brought into the state and not necessarily produced within Kaduna State threatening the health of the people in the state. It is for this reason that the Federal Government of Nigeria established NAFDACwith the goal of eliminating counterfeit pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages products ensuring that available medications are safe and effective. This necessitated the need to assess the activities of NAFDAC in the control of fake drugs in Kaduna State.The specific objectives of the study are to determine the effect of the contribution of inspection of imported regulated products by NAFDAC on the control of fake drugs in Kaduna State; to examine the contribution of registration of drugs by NAFDAC on the control of fake drugs in Kaduna Stateamongst others. The study adopted “Fishbein Model and Social Control Theory by Travis Hirschi‟‟ as theoretical framework to underpin the study. The study adopted a survey design where data collected from structured questionnaires and interview were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The total population of the study is 1, 664 with 313 as sample size. The study adopted purposive and simple stratified sampling technique for the study. The chi-square cross-tabulation test was used in testing hypotheses of the study using SSPS version 20.However, relevant documents that contain secondary data for the study are the NAFDAC‟s Act, NAFDAC‟s Score Cards, and NAFDAC‟s Campaigns, amongst others. The findings of the study shows that some of the factors affecting the inspection of drugs in Kaduna State ranges from shortage of personnel or inspectors to monitor drug activities in Kaduna State due to large coverage size, shortage of scan machines to enable personnel detect fake drugs easily to even chaotic drug market in the state. Hence, the study recommends that the government should be willing to recruit new hands who are specialist in their various fields of endeavor having the technical-know-how to help NAFDAC in the execution of her activities and to ensure adequate coverage of the state in other to carry out routine checks, etc. Furthermore, the government should continue to empower NAFDAC to strengthen her efforts in the control of fake drugs in the state by acquiring modern machines to upgrade the central laboratory and promote manpower training and development. These, will go a long way to discouraging counterfeiters or fakers of drugs and reducing the quantum of existing fake drugs in the state
Audit standard and public audit practices: a case study of Osun and Ogun States of Nigeria
(2016) Adewumi, R. M.
The study examined various government audit practices using Osun and Ogun states of Nigeria as case studies. It also examined audit practices, extent of compliance with standards and identified the factors influencing compliance of the states audit practices. Data for the study was collected through primary source. A sample size of 150 questionnaires were purposively administered to professional Accountants who are in the public audit services of both private and government of Osun and Ogun states. Both descriptive and inferential statistics such as tables, graph, percentages, ANOVA and Regression were used to analyse the data. The regression and correlations analysis were used to assess the extent of compliance of states audit practices with standard and extent of influence, while ANOVA was used to determine joint impact of the independent variables on dependent variable. The study revealed that standard and practice are positive and highly correlated in all the groups, while influence was positive and higher in groups 1 and 2 than group 3. Findings from hypotheses tested shows regression and p value as Group 1= (R = .719, p = .000) Group 2 (R = .699, p = .000), and Group 3 (R = .526, p = .001). ANOVA Group 1 (f = 25.166, p= .000) Group 2 (f = 22.453, p = .000) and Group3 (f = 8.969, p = .001). The study, therefore concluded that state audit practices complied with standards, but are highly influenced by politics, with far reaching implication on the financial reporting of the states
Awareness of risks associated with Self-medication among Patients attending General Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Nigeria
(2019) Oyediran OO; Ayandiran EO; Olatubi MI; Olabode O
Self-medication has become a common practice in many developing countries like Nigeria and mainly due to lack of access to health care, easy availability of over the counter drugs in markets and poor drug regulatory practices. The study assessed knowledge of people about the risks associated with self-medication; identify the causes of self-medication; assess the commonly misused drugs; and identify information sources for purchasing and using drugs without prescription. The study was conducted in General Outpatient Department of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria and Census was used to select the respondents. Descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted and questionnaire was used for this study. Data was analyzed by using SSPS version 22.0 while frequency tables, bar charts and chi square were used to present the data. Findings revealed that 82.3% of the respondents had high awareness of the risks associated with self-medication, high cost of treatment and previous experience were the most identified causes of self-medication. Commonly abused drugs were Analgesics and antibiotics. Major sources of information for purchasing the drugs were the pharmacy and family members while age, sex and educational were significantly associated with awareness of the risk of self-medication. The study concluded that patients had high awareness of the risks associated with self-medication, high cost of treatment and previous experience with disease accounted for the practice. It is therefore important for Nigerian government to enforcement the existing regulations against free display and sales of drugs in unauthorized places.
Bromate and trace metal levels in bread loaves from outlets within Ile-Ife Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria
(2014) Oyekunle JA; Adekunle AS; Ogunfowokan AO; Olutona GO; Omolere OB
Bread loaves randomly sampled from nine outlets and bakeries within Ile-Ife were analysed to determine their safety levels for human consumption with respect to bromate and trace metal contents. Bromate determination was carried out via spectrophotometric method while trace metals in the digested bread samples were profiled using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Bromate levels in the analyzed bread samples ranged from 2.051 ± 0.011 μg/g to 66.224 ± 0.014 μg/g while the trace metal levels were of the order: 0.03–0.10 μg/g Co = 0.03–0.10 μg/g Pb < 0.23–0.46 μg/g Cu < 2.23–6.63 μg/g Zn < 25.83–75.53 μg/g Mn. This study revealed that many bread bakers around Ile-Ife had not fully complied with the bromate-free rule stipulated by NAFDAC contrary to the “bromate free” inscribed on the labels of the bread. The bread samples contained both essential and toxic trace metals to levels that could threaten the health of consumers over prolonged regular consumption.
Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(2021) Obafemi TO; Jaiyesimi KF; Olomola AA; Olasehinde OR; Olaoye OA; Adewumi FD; Afolabi BA; Adewale OB; Akintayo CO; Ojo OA
Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION AMONG LARGE SCALE AND MEDIUM SCALE POULTRY FARMERS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE
(2015) AKINSOLA, EUNICE OLUWADAMILOLA
Poultry farms provide meat, egg and employment for people and at the same time it generates large quantities of waste materials. A survey was carried out in Abeokuta, Odeda local Government Area (LGA) of ogun states using both large scale and medium scale poultry farms to identify thepoultry waste materials and to know their management, utilization and disposal methods with a view to comparing the management and utilization of poultry waste among large scale and medium scale poultry farmers. Primary data for the study were collected from 80 poultry farmers using well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis involving frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the farmers socio-economic status. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis was used to compare waste management, utilization and disposal method between large and medium scale poultry farms within the study area. Independent t-test analysis was used to investigate the difference between income of large and medium scale poultry farms. The result obtained from this study shows that 85.0% large scale farms indicated that they do treat their waste compared to 87.5% medium scale poultry farmers.Also, it can be observed from the result that 12.5% respondents who are large scale poultry farmers indicated that they use chemical treatment in treating their waste compared to 2.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated they use the same method of waste treatment. It was observed that 42.5% large scale farms indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste compare to 52.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste. However, more large scale farms tend to utilize their waste for manure and compost compared to small scale farms and in the same vein, more medium scale farms tend to have no use for their poultry waste compared to the large scale farms.From the findings of this research, the following recommendations are made; 1. Poultry farming in the study area is male dominated. Females need to be encouraged to participate in poultry farming in the area as a means of increasing and improving their standard of living. 2. The government should encourage the poultry farmers to manage and utilize the poultry waste generated in their various farms by introducing new techniques, methods or practices of managing and utilizing their poultry waste. 3. Adequate workshop should be organized in the study area for the dissemination of research findings
Corporate governance practices and financial performance of cooperative societies in the Southwest Nigeria
(2021) Oseni, M.
This study investigated the impacts of corporate governance practices on the financial performance of cooperative societies in Nigeria. The study was motivated by the persistent agitation for transparency in the management of cooperative societies, The study sought the cooperative members perception of the application of corporate governance principles in cooperative societies’ management; evaluated trends in financial performance of cooperative societies in Southwest Nigeria from 2011 to 2018 and determined the effects of corporate governance elements on the financial performance of cooperative societies. The study adopted a survey research design, made use of both primary and secondary data from selected cooperative societies in the six states in the Southwest Nigeria. Primary data were sourced directly from 475 selected members of cooperative societies. From the annual financial reports and accounts of selected cooperative societies, secondary data were extracted. The data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics like the mean, standard deviation, median and mode. Inferential statistics used are pearson moment correlation and regression analyses. The results of the analysis showed that corporate governance practices in the cooperative societies were not strong in comparison to the practice in the listed companies. For instance, the composition of the executive members significantly deviated from the provision of SEC code of corporate governance. Also, family dominance in the executive committee was prevalent among the societies sampled. A mean of 3.39 showed that majority of respondents affirmed to family dominance. Majority of cooperative societies under study reported a return on capital employed of about 6%, which is lower than the range of 10% - 20% recommended for the non-listed institutions. The R-square of 0.421 inferred that 42% of the variation in the return on capital employed by the cooperative societies were attributable to the combined effects of all the corporate governance variables (board structure, ownership structure, risk management practices and executive compensation) as well as control variables (society age and size) while the remaining 58% was due to other variables not considered in this study. Evidently, there is a reasonable assurance that financial performance can be improved if corporate governance mechanisms are practiced in cooperative societies. The regression results also revealed that three corporate governance variables (board structure, ownership structure and risk management practices have significant effects on the financial performance. The study found out that executive compensation was not a good motivation for higher performance in the cooperative societies in Nigeria. The conclusion of the study was that the financial performances of cooperative societies are significantly affected by elements of corporate governance. Therefore, the mechanisms of corporate governance should be adopted in cooperative societies for better financial performances.
Credit management and profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing companies
(2018) Eboka, C.
The issue of trade credit has been in existence since ancient times. Research shows that poor credit management contributed to the 2007/2008 Financial Crisis. Thus, for companies to survive in a competitive environment, trade credit became inevitable. The quest for increased profitability by these firms through trade credit has led them to face increased challenge of financial meltdown, loss of resources, increased debts and incessant liquidation despite the measures set to control trade credit. It was observed that one of the reasons why these problems arose was from inappropriate measures of credit management or unawareness of the approaches and techniques of credit management. It is in view of this that this study was embarked upon to examine the impact of credit management on the profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms. Specifically, the study examined the effect of credit policy and debtor’s turnover on profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms, as well ascertained the relationship between liquidity management and profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms and finally, analyzed the effect of firm size on profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms. With the use of ex-post facto research design, the study relied on data extracted from the audited financial statement of a sample of 15 manufacturing companies purposively drawn from the total population of 74 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. The data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Version 19). The descriptive statistics conducted were mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value. Inferential statistics on the other hand includes the Pearson movement correlation coefficient which was used to determine whether there is a significant relationship and multiple linear regression that enabled the research to determine the effect of independent variable (credit management) on the dependent variable (profitability). In the model, Return on Asset (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) were used as the profitability indicators. The findings revealed that debtors’ turnover and credit policy had no significant effect on any of the profitability measure used in the study at 5% level of significance. In addition, the findings revealed that liquidity management had significant effect on return on asset. However, liquidity management does not have significant inference on net profit margin. Similarly, firm size had no significant effect on return on asset, but had a significant effect on net profit margin at 5% level of significance. It was concluded that credit management is a powerful tool for achieving a high level of profitability in a firm and the positive effects of liquidity management and firm size on the profitability measures, means that these variables do matter for the credit management of the organization.
Credit risk management and profitability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria
(2019) Ajayi, O. E.
The study examined how credit risk management affect the profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria and specifically how capital adequacy ratio affects profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). It also, examined the relationship that exist between non- performing loan ratio, loan loss reserve to non-performing loan on profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study further assessed if total deposit to total loan, loan loss reserve to gross loan equally affects the performance of these banks in Nigeria. It finally, ascertained the influence of banks size on the profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data which were obtained from the audited financ ia l statements of the banks and Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) fact book from year 2006-2016. Data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. A sample size of 15 banks was selected out of the 25 deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The descriptive statistics used were mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values while the inferential statistics used were correlation and regression analysis. Diagnostic tests were also carried out on the data to ensure consistenc y, validity, reliability. These tests included heteroskedacity test and multicollinearity test. The result revealed that all variables were stationary using panel unit root test. The result of the regression model showed that R-square was 0.62 which implies that about 62% of the variation in Return on asset (ROA) were explained by the independent variables while the remaining 38% variation may be as a result of other variables not captured in the model. Capital adequacy ratio with a p-value of 0.212 does not have significant effect on the profitability of Deposit Money Banks(DMBs), relationship exist between Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPLR) and Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks(DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.000 which is significant at 5% level of significance, there is no significa nt relationship between Loan loss reserve to non-performing loan Ratio (LLRNPLR) and the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks(DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.871 which is not significant at 5% level of significance, Total deposit to total loan ratio (TDTLR) have significant effect on the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.038 which is statistically significant at 5% level of significa nce, Loan loss reserve to Gross loan (LLRGLR) have significant effect on the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.010 which is statistically significant at 5% level of significance,Banks size have significant effect on the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.002 which is statistically significant at 5% level of significance The study concluded that credit risk management significantly affects the profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria.
Data on perceived excessive workload on faculty members׳ commitment
(2018) Oludayo OA; Akanbi CO; Falola HO; Aluko OA
For this article, the survey data on the effect of perceived excessive workload on faculty members’ commitment was presented. This data was gathered from an academic environment using the full time faculty members of Covenant University. The descriptive research design method was employed. The initial sample size used for the analysis was 228 faculty members but only 189 copies of questionnaire were returned. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for the coding of the data. The validity and reliability of the research instrument were carried out using Cronbach Alpha. Descriptive analysis was used for the presentation of the data. This data is made publicly available to assist further study in the area of workload and employees commitment.
Dataset on insightful bio-evaluation of 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamide analogues as potential anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase agents via in silico mechanisms
(2021) Oyebamiji AK; Josiah OM; Akintelu SA; Adeoye MD; Sabitu BO; Latona DF; Esan AO; Soetan EA; Semire B
The continuous havoc wrecked by tuberculosis among humans worldwide remains colossal. In this work, twenty-one (21) 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamide analogues were observed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (This enzyme shields bacteria from poisonous drug-like molecules) (PDB ID: 1sj2) using density functional theory method, QSAR study using material studio software and docking method via PyMol, AutoDock Tool, AutoDock Vina and Discovery studio 2017 as well as ADMET study via admetSAR2. Twelve descriptors were obtained from the optimized compounds which were used to develop valid QSAR model. More so, the binding affinity between 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamide analogues and Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (PDB ID: 1sj2) via docking method were reported. ADMET properties of some selected compounds were also examined.
Depression, anxiety, stress and coping strategies among family members of patients admitted in intensive care unit in Nigeria
(2020) Olabisi OI; Olorunfemi O; Bolaji A; Azeez FO; Olabisi TE; Azeez O
Background Hospitalization of a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) negatively affects the mental health of the family caregivers and they might eventually come up with psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and coping strategies of family members of hospitalized critically ill patients. Methods A descriptive study was conducted among 107 family members of patients admitted to ICU in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS-21) were administered to the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and correlations statistics. Result The mean scores and standard deviation of the family members’ stress level is 8.7 (SD = 4.4); anxiety 8.5 (SD = 3.9) and depression 1.3 (SD = 1.9); 41% were anxious and 10% were stressed. There was a significant negative correlation between task oriented coping strategies and the mental health factors (depression; r = −0.193, p = 0.046; anxiety r = −0.456, p = 0.000, stress r = −0.485, p = 0.000). Family members who utilized emotion oriented coping strategies reportedly experienced anxiety (r = 0.450, p = 0.000) and stress (r = 0.564, p = 0.000). Age, income, nature of the family types, residential area and the level of education influenced the level of emotional distress. Conclusion Patients’ relatives of different socio-demographic characteristics such as age and family size experienced psychological distress and family members who used more task coping strategies experienced low level of depression, anxiety and stress.
DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN CHILD LABOUR AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA
(2015) OGUNBIYI DOLAPO JOACHIM
In Nigeria, people have variously described children as the future hope or as leaders of tomorrow. Such attributes are often expressed by parents, social critics, political analysts and media commentators, who will always offer sentimental obeisance to the notion that children are indeed the greatest human asset. In effect, it means that children are appreciated, respected, recognized and regarded as valuable human monument worthy of investing upon for the survival and continuous existence of the human race. This study stresses on the need for Nigeria to adopt all the Universal agreements that tend to promote the protection of the rights of the Nigerian citizens, including the child’s rights law, so as to ensure that such rights are not rendered non-justiciable or violated. It is important to bear in mind that recognition of the inherent dignity, equality and the inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels of groundwater in Ife north local government area of Osun state, Nigeria
(2017) Adekunle AS; Oyekunle JA; Ojo OS; Maxakato NW; Olutona GO; Obisesan OR
This study determined the presence and levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of groundwater in Moro, Edun-Abon, Yakoyo and Ipetumodu communities in Ife-North Local Government Area of Osun State. This was with a view to create public awareness about the safety of groundwater as a source for domestic purposes (e.g., drinking, cooking etc.) in non-industrial area. Water samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August–October) in the wet season and three months (December–February) in the dry season. The PAHs in the water samples were extracted with n-hexane using liquid–liquid extraction method, while their qualitative identifications and quantitative estimations were carried out with the use of gas chromatography. Levels of PAHs detected showed predominance of light PAHs (less than four fused rings) for both wet and the dry seasons. Higher concentrations of PAHs were recorded during the wet season than the dry season. The study concluded that the groundwater in the communities was contaminated with light PAHs and the total PAHs in this area exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 10μgL−1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for safety of groundwater.
Distribution of three non-essential trace metals (Cadmium, Mercury and Lead) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria
(2015) Atobatele OE; Olutona GO
The distribution of non-essential trace elements in some vital organs of 11 fish species from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria was assessed between November 2010 and June 2011. The fish species belong to seven families; family Mormyridae, family Cyprinidae, family Hepsetidae and family Channidae each with one species; family Bagridae and family Clariidae each with two species; and family Cichlidae with three species. All families, except Clariidae and Channidae, are common in the daily catch from the reservoir. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the levels of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish organs. The concentration of toxic trace metals in fish ranged from 0.001 to 0.100ppm (Cd), 0.000–0.067ppm (Hg) and 0.001–0.125ppm (Pb) dry weight. This study shows similarity (p>0.05) in the distribution of Cd, Hg and Pb among fish species; and a non-uniform distribution of toxic trace metals within fish organs with Kidney>Liver>Gill≥Intestine≥Muscle. Canonical variate analysis shows clear discrimination of Clarias macromystax and Channa obscura for gill trace metal levels of Cd, Hg and Pb while Labeo senegalensis and Oreochromis niloticus were discriminated for liver trace metal values of Cd and Pb only when compared to other fish species studied. The discrimination of some fish species based on trace metals in the gills and liver suggests different regulatory strategies for trace metal accumulation. Variation due to comparison among different fish species from the same water body suggests that accumulation may be species dependent. Differential accumulation of toxic trace metals in fish organs makes them good bioindicators of freshwater contamination.
Diversification of Revenue Sources and Agricultural Activities in Nigeria
(2016) Adeniji, S. O.
The broad objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the revenue sources and the agricultural activities in Nigeria. However, the specific objectives are to determine the effects of agricultural indices on the Revenue from Agricultural Output (RAQ) Secondary data were used. The data were collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Zenith Economic Quarterly, International Journals of Accounting, Economics and Agriculture. The econometric method of unit root and co-integration were employed to estimate the relationship between the examined variables while Ordinary Least Square Method was used to run the regression. The result revealed that Price of Agricultural Commodities (PAC= 0.8003), Average Total Rainfall (ATR= -0.1601), Agricultural Cultivable Land (ACL= 0.6413) and Agricultural Finance (AGF= 0.0955). All the explanatory variables except ATR indicate positive coefficient which means there is direct correlation to Revenue from Agricultural Output (RAQ) and probability values of all the independent variables (PAC= 0.0000 < 0.05, ATR= 0.0279 < 0.05, ACL= 0.0227 < 0.05 and AGF= 0.000 < 0.05) revealed that they are statistically significant and related to RAQ. Hence, agricultural indices (Adj. R-squared= 83%) and probability of F statistics (0.0000 < 0.05) jointly explain the variation in Revenue from Agricultural Output in Nigeria. The study therefore, concluded that Price of Agricultural Commodities, Average Total Rainfall, Agricultural Cultivable Land and Agricultural Financing significantly influence Revenue from Agricultural Output (RAQ) in Nigeria.
DNA synthesis in prokaryotes: Replication
(1973) Smith DW

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