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Item Work-Related Quality of Life; A Case Study of Resident Doctors at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria(2022) Abdulwahab A; Balogun MOItem Awake craniotomy for intracranial lesions: An audit of the anaesthetists’ initial experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan(2016) Idowu OK; Adeleye AO; Amanor-Boadu SDBackground Awake craniotomy (AC) is an attractive ‘minimally invasive’ anaesthetic technique for intracranial surgical procedures. There is dearth of information on the feasibility of this technique from developing countries. Material and methods This is a prospective descriptive study on all the patients who had AC for intracranial surgery over a 2-year period in a developing country. The data regarding their demographics, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative anaesthetic events and any intraoperative complications were recorded. Results There were 18 patients, 11 (61.1%) males, mean age of 47.5years (SD=14.71). Propofol and Fentanyl were the sole agents providing conscious sedation during these surgical cases, while 0.25% Plain Bupivacaine and 1% Lidocaine with Adrenaline (1:200,000) were used for operative site anaesthesia. Most of the tumours, 7 (38.9%), were found in the parietal region of the brain; 9 (50.1%) patients had between 5 and 10mm midline shift on brain MRI/CT Scan; metastatic tumours, 8 (44.4%), were the commonest lesions, and 13 (72.2%) had GCS of 15/15 prior to surgery. Hypertension and tachycardia, 3 cases (16.7%) in each, were the commonest intraoperative complications. All the patients successfully underwent the AC and none was admitted into the Intensive Care Unit postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of six months 10 (55.6%) patients were alive, 6 (33.3%) dead, and 2 (11.0%) of unknown status. Conclusions This audit showed AC to be a well-tolerated procedure with low rate of complications in our practice, an encouraging prospect for the feasibility of AC for intracranial surgical procedures in developing countries.Item Zoo animals' disease pattern in a university zoological garden, Ibadan, Nigeria(2016) Emikpe BO; Morenikeji OA; Jarikre TAObjective To investigate wildlife diseases in Nigeria spanning across 20 years, highlighting various conditions diagnosed in zoo/wild animals using conventional and ancillary pathological techniques. Methods The animals were closely examined for signs of illness by the attending veterinarian and clinical samples were taken as appropriate. Carcasses were submitted for detailed necropsy by the experienced pathologists and diagnostic samples were taken for cytological, microbial isolation, parasitic identification and histopathology. Results Between 1991 and 2014 about 262 carcasses of zoo animals were presented for postmortem comprising ruminants (12.2%), primates (16.8%), carnivores (11.5%), reptiles (20.6%), Equidae (4.2%), rodents (5%) and aviary (29.7%). Pasteurellosis and other forms of respiratory diseases were common in ruminants; pneumonia, trichuriasis and dndocarditis were common in primates; tuberculosis and helminthiasis (ancylostomiasis) were common in carnivores; enteritis and impaction were common in reptiles; cholera, salmonellosis and Newcastle diseases were common in aviary. Conclusions It is important to know the causes of death in zoo animals and wildlife for purposes of preservation and conservation.Item W168 Evaluation of micronutrients zinc, copper and magnesium in some patients suffering from depressive illness in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria(2022) Onuegbu A; Agbedana E; Adebayo K; Olisekodiaka JItem Work-Life Balance of Secondary School Teachers in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria(2022) Balogun M; Adeleye JItem Awareness and attitude of final year students towards the learning and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria(2021) Adewale BA; Aigbonoga DE; Akintayo AD; Aremu PS; Azeez OA; Olawuwo SD; Adeleke JD; Kazeem OS; Okojie E; Oguntoye RAIntroduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death which can be prevented by early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). International bodies recommend that basic life support (BLS) skills be taught in schools in order to increase the rate of bystander CPR and reduce mortality from OHCA. We are not aware of any BLS education program for non-healthcare students in Nigeria. This study was to assess the awareness and attitude to acquiring BLS skills among university students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among final year university undergraduates using a questionnaire that assessed students' sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of CPR, previous experiences, and attitude to basic life support (BLS). Counts and proportions were compared for the demographic characteristics using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Results Four hundred and seventy-five students from 15 faculties participated in this study, median age was 22.8 years (interquartile range: 21.2–24.5 years). Majority (82.5%) have heard of CPR, 29.7% have undergone CPR training; 77.3% of those who had been trained were confident that they could perform CPR. Previous CPR training was significantly associated with faculty, year of study and age. Eighty-nine (18.7%) students have witnessed someone die from a trauma. Four hundred and fifty (94.7%) respondents would like to get BLS training, 440 (92.6%) think that CPR training should be included in the school curriculum. Conclusion There is good awareness and positive attitude to the acquisition and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Nigeria. Few students however, have been trained to administer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, there is a need to implement university wide BLS education in Nigeria.Item Toxicity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of a polyherbal formulation commonly used in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria(2020) Ighodaro OM; Ujomu TS; Asejeje FO; Adeosun AM; Subair SOA polyherbal formulation mainly composed of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aloe barbadensis commonly patronized by some staff and students of a College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated for its toxicity status and bioactive constituents. Its safety was assessed using acute and sub-chronic toxicity models in Wistar rats while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify the bioactive constituents. Findings showed that oral administration of the polyherbal formulation did not cause any notable behavioral changes or mortality in the animals during the acute toxicity testing. Similarly, statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that sub-chronic administration of the polyherbal formulation did not cause any significant changes in the serum activities of liver-function enzymes, hematological markers, serum electrolytes and other evaluated blood-chemistry indices in the experimental animals compared to those of their control counterparts. These observations were substantiated by the liver photomicrographs which showed that treatment of animals with the polyherbal mixture did not induce any visible lesions or derangements in the examined organ. Besides, GC–MS screening of the polyherbal formulation revealed compounds with known biological effects which are associable with the locally acclaimed therapeutic applications of the formulation. The outcome of this study therefore suggests high safety for the investigated polyherbal mixture and thus supports its usage in folklore medicine.Item SHORT TERM EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER AND RISK OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN IBADAN A PILOT STUDY(2020) Adeoye AM; Fakunle A; Aderonmu O; Lackland D; Tayo BItem Seroprevalence of some Arboviruses among Pregnant Women in Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria(2022) Oluwole T; Fowotade A; Mirchandani D; Almeida S; Plante KS; Weaver S; Bakare RPurpose To determine the seroprevalence of some arboviruses among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods & Materials Sera of 36 ELISA anti-Zika virus immunoglobulin M (IgM)- and/or immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in 3 hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria were screened for the presence of antibodies to Zika, yellow fever, dengue-1 and -2, Spondweni, West Nile, and chikungunya viruses using haemagglutination inhibition (HI). Results Overall, 22 (61.1%) of the 36 sera tested had antibodies to other tested arboviruses. All the sera which tested positive, had antibodies to at least two or more viruses, 4 (11.1%) tested positive to 6 of the viruses, 4 (11.1%) tested positive to 5 of the viruses, 1 (2.8%) to 4 of the viruses, 8 (22.2%) to 3 of the viruses, 5(13.9%) to only 2 of the viruses. Antibody to dengue-1 was observed in all positive sera. Antibodies to Zika, dengue-2 and chikungunya were observed in 55.6%, 38.9%, and 25%, respectively while antibodies to Spondweni, West Nile and yellow fever were detected in 22.2%, 13.9% and 11.1% respectively. Titre values observed ranged from 1:20 to 1:320. About 47% of participants had antibodies to Zika and 2 other arboviruses and 25% to Zika virus and 3 or more arboviruses. The presence of antibodies to these viruses suggests a persistence of infections in Ibadan. A low (11.1%) prevalence of antibodies to yellow fever virus was observed. Sera of 14 (38.9%) participants positive for anti-ZIKV IgM and/or IgG by NS-1 based ELISA were negative for Zika virus antibodies by HI. Conclusion This study showed a high seroprevalence to arboviruses despite the low rate of reporting these infections in Nigeria. It also demonstrated a very low herd immunity to yellow fever despite Nigeria being in the category of countries recommended for vaccination in the Yellow Fever belt. Therefore, a large proportion of the community is at risk of yellow fever. These results further emphasize the importance of seroprevalence studies as an important tool in the assessment of disease burden, and epidemiology of arboviral diseases as well as herd immunity.Item Soil transmitted helminthiasis and stunting among school-aged children in Ibadan: Prevalence and risk factors(2020) Ibrahim A; Tijani M; Nwuba RItem SAT-003 HAEMOGLOBINURIA- ASSOCIATED SEVERE CHILDHOOD ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN IBADAN NIGERIA(2020) Asinobi A; Ademola A; Lawal T; Nwankwo AItem An artificial neural network-based mathematical model for the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in granite quarries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(2020) Lawal AIBlast-induced ground vibration is one of the most severe and complex environmental problems associated with blasting operation. The scaled-distance approach is the common method of estimating the magnitude of the blast-induced ground vibration. However, the prediction of this approach is inaccurate as evident in the literature. Therefore, this study proposed an artificial neural network model for the prediction of blasting operations in five granite quarries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The distance from the measuring station to the blasting point (D) and a charge per delay (Q) were the two input parameters into the model while the peak particle velocity (PPV) was the targeted output. 100 datasets were used in developing the model. The datasets were divided into training, testing, and validation. The ANN model was trained using backpropagation algorithm with the Levenberg-Marquardt training function. The weights and biases obtained from the trained ANN architecture were extracted and transformed into a simple mathematical equation for the computation of PPV. The obtained results from the ANN model was compared with the prediction of multilinear regression (MLR). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the proposed ANN model is 0.988 while that of the MLR model is 0.738. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and variance accounted for (VAF) were also used to further evaluate the performance of the models. The MAPE, RMSE, and VAF of the ANN model are 7.14, 2.90, and 98.74 while that of the MLR model is 40.90, 13.35, and 73.76. Therefore, the proposed ANN model can give a reasonable prediction of the PPV.Item Orthodontic treatment complexity and need at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, according to the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON): A pilot study(2006) Ochi Onyeaso C; Idaboh GAlthough occlusal indices have been useful in research, audit, practice management, and quality assurance in clinical orthodontics, complexity of orthodontic cases had not been easy to assess for a long time in clinical practice. This pilot study aimed at assessing the orthodontic treatment need and complexity in a referral orthodontic centre in Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of 56 pre-treatment study models randomly selected from the orthodontic model collection of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria was carried out without any bias for age or gender. The index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was used as the outcome measure. Descriptive statistics were employed in the data analysis. Forty-seven (83.9%) of the sample needed treatment. Thirty-four (60.7%) cases were classified as difficult or very difficult. Only 1 (1.8%) and 13(23.2%) belonged to the easy and mild categories, respectively. The overall mean ICON score was 67.4±19.6SD (range 25–104). Considerable proportions of these referred orthodontic cases in Nigeria needed treatment and had treatment complexity comparable to the Caucasians.Item O05 Assessment of Food Literacy Among Civil Servant Mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria(2022) Oyewole M; Ejoh SBackground Food literacy as a term is increasingly used in policy, practice, research and in public arena. Though, there is no shared understanding of its meaning and measurement. Food literacy includes person's knowledge, behavior to plan, ability to select, prepare and eat food healthfully. Previous studies limited their findings on maternal and health literacy with little consideration on food literacy in Nigeria. Objective To assess food literacy level among civil servants’ mothers living in peri-urban, Ibadan. Study aimed to reduce dearth in literature and inform policies that would scale up food literacy among women in Nigeria. Study Design, Setting, Participants Study was done in Southwest region among educated mothers given poor food choices regardless of literacy. Descriptive cross-sectional design used, involving 340 civil servants’ mothers in Ibadan, using simple random sampling for recruitment. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Data was collected using self-perceived food literacy (SPFL) scale developed and validated by Poelmann et al., 2018 having 8 constructs: food preparation, healthy snacking, food labelling, food budgeting and dietary resilience and resistance. Scale was adapted to assess food literacy among participants. Pearson correlation used for associations among age, service level, household size, and each construct of scale. Chi-square for level of significance (P < 0.05). Ethical approval obtained from Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results Mean age 45.8 ± 7.9 years, most women having at least diploma degree. Most (86.7%.) women are married Food budgeting and dietary resilience and resistance constructs had high level of correlation among them. Food preparation skill were 53.8%, Healthy snacking were 51.5%, those who checked food labelling were 41.8% and those who did not budget for healthy foods were 29.2%. No statistical significance observed. Conclusions Mothers had moderate food literacy, most mothers had low score in dietary resilience and resistance which is relevant as baseline data for further research. Data contributes to interventions for improving food literacy for good diet quality. Funding None.Item Pattern of childhood cancer in University College Hospital, Ibadan(2014) Babatunde TO; Akang EE; Ogun GO; Brown BJBackground Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 15 years old worldwide. Aim: To describe the pattern of childhood cancer in Ibadan. Methods Histologically and cytologically confirmed cases of cancer in children aged <15 years diagnosed at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, between January 1991 and December 2010 were recruited. The cases were categorised using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition (ICCC-3). Results There were 625 cases, comprising 360 (57.6%) males with a modal age of 3 years. The most common neoplasms were lymphomas (22.4%). Other common neoplasms were retinoblastomas (21%), soft tissue sarcomas (14.9%), leukaemias (10.2%) and CNS tumours (6.9%). Lymphomas, bone tumours, malignant hepatic tumours and other malignant epithelial neoplasms had the highest mean and modal ages, while retinoblastomas, neuroblastomas, germ cell tumours and renal tumours had the lowest mean and modal ages. Conclusion There has been a decline in the frequency of childhood cancer cases at UCH, Ibadan, in the last 20 years. This may be due to establishment of additional specialist centres in the subregion. Retinoblastoma is now the most common individual childhood cancer at Ibadan, due to a persistent decline in the frequency of Burkitt lymphoma.
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