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    A case series of infantile Pompe disease at the university college hospital Ibadan Nigeria
    (2022) Folayan OS; Agaja OT; Adebayo BE; Ogunkunle O; Omokhodion SI
    Infantile Pompe disease is a Glycogen storage disease caused by acid α-1,4 -glucosidase (GAA) enzyme deficiency. The deficiency makes lysosomal glycogen accumulate in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells resulting in muscle weakness. Incidence of infantile Pompe disease is high in people of African ancestry, but a discrepancy seems to exist between this incidence and clinical observations. This may be explained by factors that make diagnosis difficult. Underdiagnosis may be reduced if healthcare providers have a high index of suspicion, especially in infants that fail to thrive. We report three cases of infantile Pompe disease seen in our practice and the challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Methods We report 3 cases of infantile Pompe's disease seen in our practice and the challenges encountered in establishing a diagnosis and instituting treatment. Conclusion Pompe disease incidence is high among people of African ancestry, but the high incidence does not reflect in clinical presentations possibly because of under-diagnosis by 1st contact doctors. Weakness, cardiomegaly or cardiomyopathy, breathing difficulty, and delayed motor milestones in a child that is failing to thrive should raise the suspicion and prompt investigation for Pompe disease using the less invasive serum GAA assay. Treatment of the disease is multidisciplinary, and reversal of ventricular hypertrophy occurs with enzyme replacement therapy, this therapy is however not easily accessible from our experience with managing the cases we have reported in this document.
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    A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, density, and risk factors associated with malaria transmission in urban communities of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
    (2021) Awosolu OB; Yahaya ZS; Farah Haziqah MT; Simon-Oke IA; Fakunle C
    Background Malaria is a severe global public health challenge that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, parasite density, and risk factors associated with malaria infection transmission among residents of two urban communities of Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out on 300 participants. Blood samples were obtained. Thick and thin blood films were prepared and viewed using the standard parasitological technique of microscopy. Moreover, data on sociodemographic and environmental variables were obtained using a pre-tested standard questionnaire. Results Of the 300 participants examined, a total of 165 (55.0%) were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum with a mean (S.D) parasite density of 1814.70 (1829.117) parasite/μL of blood. The prevalence and parasite density of malaria infection vary significantly (P < 0.05) with age group. Children <5 years old were more likely to have malaria infection and high parasite densities than adults (p < 0.05). Similarly, in relation to gender, males significantly (P < 0.05) had a higher prevalence (60.2%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of malaria infection [2157.73 (1659.570) parasite/μL of blood] compared to females. Additionally, those without formal education had the highest prevalence (73.0%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of infection [2626.96 (2442.195) parasite/μL of blood]. The bivariate logistic regression analysis shows that age group 6–10 (Crude Odds Ratio, COR 0.066, 95% CI: 0.007–0.635), presence of streams/rivers (COR 0.225, 95% CI: 0.103–0.492), distance from streams/rivers within ≤1 km (COR 0.283, 95% CI: 0.122–0.654) and travel to rural area (COR 4.689, 95% CI: 2.430–9.049) were the significant risk factors. Conclusions Malaria infection is prevalent in the study area and was greatly influenced by traveling activities from the rural areas to urban centers and vice versa. Multifaceted and integrated control strategy should be adopted. Health education on mosquito prevention and chemoprophylaxis before and during travel to rural areas are essential.
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    A novel plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-15 identified in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2015) Fortini D; Fashae K; Villa L; Feudi C; García-Fernández A; Carattoli A
    The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of commensal Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and showing fluoroquinolone resistance circulating in a healthy population in Ibadan, Nigeria. In total, 101 faecal samples from healthy pregnant women on the day of admission to hospital were collected and plated on eosin–methylene blue agar supplemented with cefotaxime. Genotyping demonstrated the presence of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in all of the cefotaxime-resistant isolates (n=32), and there was circulation of prevalent clones. The aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, qepA1 and qnrB1 genes were identified in several strains. A novel plasmid supporting the spread of the blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1 and qnrS1 genes was identified in these isolates by complete DNA sequencing.
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    An artificial neural network-based mathematical model for the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in granite quarries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
    (2020) Lawal AI
    Blast-induced ground vibration is one of the most severe and complex environmental problems associated with blasting operation. The scaled-distance approach is the common method of estimating the magnitude of the blast-induced ground vibration. However, the prediction of this approach is inaccurate as evident in the literature. Therefore, this study proposed an artificial neural network model for the prediction of blasting operations in five granite quarries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The distance from the measuring station to the blasting point (D) and a charge per delay (Q) were the two input parameters into the model while the peak particle velocity (PPV) was the targeted output. 100 datasets were used in developing the model. The datasets were divided into training, testing, and validation. The ANN model was trained using backpropagation algorithm with the Levenberg-Marquardt training function. The weights and biases obtained from the trained ANN architecture were extracted and transformed into a simple mathematical equation for the computation of PPV. The obtained results from the ANN model was compared with the prediction of multilinear regression (MLR). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the proposed ANN model is 0.988 while that of the MLR model is 0.738. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and variance accounted for (VAF) were also used to further evaluate the performance of the models. The MAPE, RMSE, and VAF of the ANN model are 7.14, 2.90, and 98.74 while that of the MLR model is 40.90, 13.35, and 73.76. Therefore, the proposed ANN model can give a reasonable prediction of the PPV.
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    Awake craniotomy for intracranial lesions: An audit of the anaesthetists’ initial experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
    (2016) Idowu OK; Adeleye AO; Amanor-Boadu SD
    Background Awake craniotomy (AC) is an attractive ‘minimally invasive’ anaesthetic technique for intracranial surgical procedures. There is dearth of information on the feasibility of this technique from developing countries. Material and methods This is a prospective descriptive study on all the patients who had AC for intracranial surgery over a 2-year period in a developing country. The data regarding their demographics, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative anaesthetic events and any intraoperative complications were recorded. Results There were 18 patients, 11 (61.1%) males, mean age of 47.5years (SD=14.71). Propofol and Fentanyl were the sole agents providing conscious sedation during these surgical cases, while 0.25% Plain Bupivacaine and 1% Lidocaine with Adrenaline (1:200,000) were used for operative site anaesthesia. Most of the tumours, 7 (38.9%), were found in the parietal region of the brain; 9 (50.1%) patients had between 5 and 10mm midline shift on brain MRI/CT Scan; metastatic tumours, 8 (44.4%), were the commonest lesions, and 13 (72.2%) had GCS of 15/15 prior to surgery. Hypertension and tachycardia, 3 cases (16.7%) in each, were the commonest intraoperative complications. All the patients successfully underwent the AC and none was admitted into the Intensive Care Unit postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of six months 10 (55.6%) patients were alive, 6 (33.3%) dead, and 2 (11.0%) of unknown status. Conclusions This audit showed AC to be a well-tolerated procedure with low rate of complications in our practice, an encouraging prospect for the feasibility of AC for intracranial surgical procedures in developing countries.
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    Awareness and attitude of final year students towards the learning and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria
    (2021) Adewale BA; Aigbonoga DE; Akintayo AD; Aremu PS; Azeez OA; Olawuwo SD; Adeleke JD; Kazeem OS; Okojie E; Oguntoye RA
    Introduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death which can be prevented by early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). International bodies recommend that basic life support (BLS) skills be taught in schools in order to increase the rate of bystander CPR and reduce mortality from OHCA. We are not aware of any BLS education program for non-healthcare students in Nigeria. This study was to assess the awareness and attitude to acquiring BLS skills among university students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among final year university undergraduates using a questionnaire that assessed students' sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of CPR, previous experiences, and attitude to basic life support (BLS). Counts and proportions were compared for the demographic characteristics using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Results Four hundred and seventy-five students from 15 faculties participated in this study, median age was 22.8 years (interquartile range: 21.2–24.5 years). Majority (82.5%) have heard of CPR, 29.7% have undergone CPR training; 77.3% of those who had been trained were confident that they could perform CPR. Previous CPR training was significantly associated with faculty, year of study and age. Eighty-nine (18.7%) students have witnessed someone die from a trauma. Four hundred and fifty (94.7%) respondents would like to get BLS training, 440 (92.6%) think that CPR training should be included in the school curriculum. Conclusion There is good awareness and positive attitude to the acquisition and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Nigeria. Few students however, have been trained to administer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, there is a need to implement university wide BLS education in Nigeria.
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    Barrier analysis for adequate daily fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income residents of Hanoi, Vietnam and Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2021) De Filippo A; Meldrum G; Samuel F; Tuyet MT; Kennedy G; Adeyemi OA; Ngothiha P; Wertheim-Heck S; Talsma EF; Shittu OO; Do TT; Huu BN; Lundy M; Hernandez R; Huong LT; de Brauw A; Brouwer ID
    Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake is a risk factor for malnutrition and non-communicable diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the determinants of daily fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income households in urban and peri-urban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam and Ibadan, Nigeria. We used the barrier analysis rapid assessment tool to assess the influence of psychosocial and individual factors and perceived characteristics of the food environment. In Hanoi, determinants were family preferences and habits, home production, and perceived benefits and action efficacy. In Ibadan, consumption was determined by affordability. Gender- and neighbourhood-related differences were found to be influential factors. As results are contextual, we recommend that interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption assess local determinants.
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    Barriers to radiotherapy access at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2017) Anakwenze CP; Ntekim A; Trock B; Uwadiae IB; Page BR
    Introduction Nigeria has the biggest gap between radiotherapy availability and need, with one machine per 19.4 million people, compared to one machine per 250,000 people in high-income countries. This study aims to identify its patient-level barriers to radiotherapy access. Material and methods This was a cross sectional study consisting of patient questionnaires (n=50) conducted in January 2016 to assess patient demographics, types of cancers seen, barriers to receiving radiotherapy, health beliefs and practices, and factors leading to treatment delay. Results Eighty percent of patients could not afford radiotherapy without financial assistance and only 6% of the patients had federal insurance, which did not cover radiotherapy services. Of the patients who had completed radiotherapy treatment, 91.3% had experienced treatment delay or often cancellation due to healthcare worker strike, power failure, machine breakdown, or prolonged wait time. The timeliness of a patient’s radiotherapy care correlated with their employment status and distance from radiotherapy center (p<0.05). Conclusions Barriers to care at a radiotherapy center in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) have previously not been well characterized. These findings can be used to inform efforts to expand the availability of radiotherapy and improve current treatment capacity in Nigeria and in other LMICs.
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    Biosocial Profiles and Pattern of Complaints of New Intrauterine Device Acceptors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2009) Okunlola MA; Morhason-Bello IO; Roberts AA; Tokzaka AA; Adekunle AO
    Objective To determine the pattern of biosocial characteristics of the new IUD acceptors and describe their concerns. Methods This was a retrospective review of records of new IUD acceptors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January to December 2007. Results The age range of subjects was 19 to 49 years with a mean of 33.5 ± 2.4 years. The commonest source (46.0%) of clientele referral was through the health care providers — doctors and nurse/midwife. Other referral patterns were from friends/ relative (23.5%), media — TV and radio (17.0%), outreach programmes (7.3%), self referral (5.2%) and others — the source was not indicated (1.2%). Of the total participants, only 239 (56.1%) reported for follow-up visits. Majority had at least one visit; about a third had two, while others had three or four and above visits. About 43.2% of those at follow-up visits had complaints. The commonest (37.5%) complaint was menstrual irregularity. Other complaints were cramping abdominal pain (22.2%), vaginal discharge (19.6%), amenorrhoea (10.3%), penile discomfort during sexual intercourse (4.3%), expulsion of IUD (3.8%) and 2.2% of missing IUD. Conclusion This audit shows that new IUD acceptors are largely referred by health care providers and are mainly offered the TCu380A version. Community outreach programmes as alternative strategy is likely to boost the uptake of this particular method in Nigeria.
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    Chapter 18 - Curriculum development and evolution of capacity building for protected area management in Africa: The experience of University of Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Academic Press, 2019) Ajayi SS
    Since this book is meant primarily for students, it must be noted that wildlife alone cannot be taught in isolation from other components of natural resources/biodiversity. The author of this book therefore presented a holistic approach to capacity building with the evolution of curricula that embrace wildlife and fisheries and forestry. This chapter also provides a brief account on the establishment of the first functional department of wildlife and fisheries under his leadership. The curricula presented in Chapters 18 and 20 represent model academic programs in wildlife and fisheries at the University of Ibadan. These curricula were designed to be indirect response to the yearning and need of Africa and the tropical world in capacity building for their wildlife and fishery resources.
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    Chapter 8 - Modelling of a rainwater harvesting system: Case studies of university college hospital, residential apartment and office block in Ibadan city, Nigeria
    (Elsevier, 2020) Lade O; Oloke D
    Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) can augment water supply to meet urban and rural needs with added financial benefits. This study assessed the hydraulic and financial performance of a RWHS for three case studies: hospital, residential and office block in Ibadan. Storage capacity, water savings and payback period were optimized using a rain-cycle model. A comprehensive assessment of the proposed system was carried out which considered seven specified and eleven unpredictable variables. The result of maximizing storage capacity and water reduction found that 78.1 percent, 70.6 percent and 75.0 percent of demand could be met by a 12 m3 tank (hospital), 4 m3 tank (residential) and 10 m3 tank (office) with an estimated savings of $51,072, $259 and $2,564 over 50 years and a payback period of 1, 21 and 8 years respectively. Therefore, the potential to use RWHS as an alternative source of water for the hospital and office block are higher than for residential purposes.
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    Construction of a pilot scale biogas digester at the University of Ibadan Dairy Farm, Abadina
    (2021) Aralu CE; Karakitie DE; Fadare DA
    The quest for cleaner energy sources and renewable energy has become a drive force in the current energy market, creating a gradual shift from total dependence on fossil fuel. Production of biogas through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes provides an alternative for energy supply, recovery and waste treatment. The University of Ibadan Dairy Farm, Abadina has a digester which was abandoned due to its inefficiencies. The digester has been modified a couple of times over the years without yielding any biogas, hence, the need for a functional digester. A modified Gobar design was adopted in the construction of a new digester. An agitator was introduced in the design for stirring of the slurry. The designed digester was a plant capacity of 4m3 with a retention time of 35 days. The existing digester was demolished and the new digester was erected in its stead. The entire plant was made of reinforced concrete. The digester was loaded with 180 kg of dung daily, with a mix ratio (dung to water) of 1:1. A 2 m3 gas bag was connected to the gas outlet for collection of the produced gas. Gas production started after the 7th day of loading the digester with substrate. The collected gas was tested for burnability. The initial burn test quenched the flame and the digester was allowed for a week without feeding. The biogas burnt with a blue flame during the second test. A biogas cooking stove was made available to enable utilization of the produced gas.
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    Demand and referral pattern for orthodontic care at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2004) Onyeaso CO
    Objective: To assess the demand and pattern of referral for orthodontic services at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Design: A 21-month prospective clinic-based study of consecutive orthodontic patients. Setting and sample population: The orthodontic clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and seventy-eight (178) consecutive patients, consisting of 79 (44.4%) males and 99 (55.6%) females with mean age of 16.21 ± 7.81 years were studied. Results: 80% of subjects were 20 years of age or younger, while less than 2% were over 40 years of age. More females sought orthodontic care than males. Over 43% of the patients needed removable orthodontic appliances while close to 17% required treatment with fixed appliances. Extractions of retained primary teeth and other grossly malpositioned teeth accounted for 9.6% while 24.7% needed observation of occlusal developments before any treatment decisions could be made. Dentists were noted to be the main referrers of these patients, accounting for over 49% of the referrals, followed by 25.4% who were self referred, and 18.3% who attended under parental influence. Conclusion: More girls than boys demanded orthodontic care and dentists were the major referrers of orthodontic patients.
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    Detection and circulation of hepatitis B virus immune escape mutants among asymptomatic community dwellers in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria
    (2015) Faleye TO; Adewumi OM; Ifeorah IM; Akere A; Bakarey AS; Omoruyi EC; Oketunde K; Awonusi OB; Ajayi MR; Adeniji JA
    Background In 2012, the first Nigerian Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) immune escape mutant (IEM) case was detected in a pregnant woman in southwestern Nigeria. Consequently, this study was designed to investigate the presence and possible circulation of IEMs amongst asymptomatic community dwellers in southwestern Nigeria. Methods Blood specimens collected from 438 asymptomatic community dwellers were screened for HBsAg using ELISA technique. Subsequently, the S-gene was amplified in HBsAg positive samples by a nested PCR protocol, and amplicons sequenced. Isolates were then subtyped by amino acid residues at positions 122, 127, 134 and 160, and genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. Results Of the 31 (7.08%) samples positive for HBsAg, the ∼408bp Sgene fragment was successfully amplified and sequenced in 27. Samples obtained from 4 patients could not be amplified due to low titres. Sequence data from only 15 of the isolates could be analysed further as eight of the remaining 12 had multiple peaks while the rest three showed no similarity to any HBV gene when subjected to BLAST analysis. Thirteen of the 15 isolates were identified as genotype E. Eleven of which were subtyped as ayw4 while the remaining two could not be subtyped due to sR122Q/P substitutions. The last two isolates that could not be genotyped and subtyped had other mutations in the “a” determinant associated with IEMs. Conclusions This study confirmed presence and circulation of HBV IEM in Nigeria, the country's inclusion in the genotype E crescent, and the value of phylogenetic analysis in HBV identification.
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    Discriminant evaluations on adolescent facial phenotypic morphological variations between two ethnic groups resident in Ibadan (Nigeria) metropolis – A regional baseline geometric pilot study
    (2021) Olowo A; Samuel M; Adetona MO
    Facial profiling for ethnic populations and representatives within Nigeria retains no documented evidence for distinguishing facial morphology and has at best remained ambiguous and incoherent. This investigation seeks to evaluate inter and intra tribal facial morphologic variations and sexual dimorphisms between two ethnic population groups co-resident within the same geographical area in Ibadan Oyo state. The study employed two-dimensional geometry and maximum parsimony tree using 10 facial landmarks on sampled two hundred and thirty-eight individuals comprising of one hundred and twenty three (123) females and one hundred and fifteen (115) males (17–25) years old taken from Ibadan. The result of this study revealed Yoruba and Igbo males had the highest Centroid size (3400 mm, 1500 mm) respectively. A Tukey pairwise comparison between Yoruba males and other three population groups was extremely significant (p<0.001). Static allometric variation along tribal genders revealed a 57.48% shape variation contribution relative to (≈ 43%) contributed by Centroid size emphasizing the significance of shape. Discriminant analysis for morphotype variability with pairwise comparison p values in each case (p<0.001 and 0.02) respectively in the genders investigated. Mahalanobis distance was similar in quantities of size and shape in both populations, distance between Yoruba and Igbo females was 2.77 but 2.05 between males. Igbo males vs Yoruba females was 1.96 and (2.03) for Yoruba genders. The result of this study will be invaluable in biological and cultural anthropologic studies, criminology, physiognomic and forensic researches.
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    Drivers of cervical cancer screening uptake in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2020) Ilevbare OE; Adegoke AA; Adelowo CM
    Despite the empirical evidence that cervical cancer screening has been a successful public health initiative to secondarily prevent the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer in developed nations, majority of women of sub-Saharan root, Nigeria inclusive, do not utilize this essential health service. This study/article contributes to the empirical literature on the drivers of cervical cancer screening utilization within Nigeria context. The paper investigates the determinants of cervical cancer screening utilization among both working class women and women involved in trading activities in Oyo state, Nigeria. The statistical estimations find strong support for attitudinal correlates, perceived seriousness and family history as drivers of utilization of cervical cancer screening. While only 13.5% of respondents reported to have ever utilized the screening test, majority had positive attitude towards the screening. The screening uptake among the women could improve, if necessary barriers are addressed. The paper highlights policy recommendations for enhancing organized screening guidelines in a developing country.