Journal Article

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Activation of NF-kB mediates up-regulation of cerebellar and hypothalamic pro-inflammatory chemokines (RANTES and MCP-1) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in acute edible camphor administration
(2019) Somade OT; Ajayi BO; Adeyi OE; Aina BO; David BO; Sodiya ID
Edible camphor (EC) infusions are continually used as an aphrodisiac among other roles. In previous studies, EC had been reported to cause convulsion and seizure in rats. There is a dearth of information associating or relating its consumption to brain inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of various doses of EC in an acute study, on hypothalamic and cerebellar levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in male Wistar rats. Following administration, cerebellar levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly increased by 2000 and 4000 mg/kg EC, while hypothalamic TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly elevated by all the tested doses, and IL-6 level by only 2000 and 4000 mg/kg when compared with control. Besides, EC administration resulted in a significant increase in the expressions of cerebellar and hypothalamic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. Therefore, the misuse and overconsumption of EC could trigger cerebellar and hypothalamic inflammation via EC-induced activation of NF-kB and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Analysis of efficiency of different antennas for microwave ablation using simulation and experimental methods
(2018) Ibitoye AZ; Orotoye T; Nwoye EO; Aweda MA
The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of different antennas proposed for microwave ablation therapy using numerical simulation and experimental approach. The simulation was done with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® software to design antenna prototypes and evaluate its reflection coefficient, power dissipation distribution, power dissipation density, specific absorption rate and temperature distribution in tissue. Antennas were fabricated from a 50 Ω RG405/U semi-rigid coaxial cable to match the geometric prototypes generated during simulation. Ex vivo bovine livers were ablated with the fabricated antennas using 50 W for 5 and 10 min. Ablation diameters, ablation lengths and aspect ratios were determined. Sleeved antenna produced lowest reflection coefficient, high power dissipation, low power dissipation density, high SAR and high temperature in the simulation. Sleeved antenna provides excellent localization, large ablative diameter, low backward heating and high aspect ratio than single slot, dual slot and monopole antennas.
Assessment of occupational related stress among nurses in two selected hospitals in a city southwestern Nigeria
(2019) Faremi FA; Olatubi MI; Adeniyi KG; Salau OR
This study assessed frequency of stressful event among nurses and how stressful they perceived those events to be. This descriptive design study was carried out among nurses in two selected hospitals. In all 183 nurses recruited using simple random sampling participated in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from appropriate IRB. The instrument used for data collection was the Nursing Stress Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Most frequently stressful aspect of nurses work include; inadequate staff to cover ward work load (2.55); performing procedures that patients experience as painful (2.30); and lack of drugs and equipment required for nursing care (2.30). On the overall, workload was the most frequently stressful aspect of nurses’ work followed by death and dying. Three most stressful aspect of nurses’ work was observed to be, not having enough staff to adequately cover the load of the ward (3.72); lack of drugs and equipment required for nursing care (3.45); and death of patient with whom you develop a close relationship (3.43). No significance difference was observed in the level of stress experienced by nurses in the two hospital (99.35 vs 93.27; t = 1.492, p = 0.137). Also, in the level of stress experience by the junior and the senior nurses (99.76 vs 95.41; t = 1.127; p = 0.261). In conclusion, nurses are susceptible to occupational stress because of intense daily activity. Nurses are not ever thought as needing help but only as the care givers.
Awareness of risks associated with Self-medication among Patients attending General Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Nigeria
(2019) Oyediran OO; Ayandiran EO; Olatubi MI; Olabode O
Self-medication has become a common practice in many developing countries like Nigeria and mainly due to lack of access to health care, easy availability of over the counter drugs in markets and poor drug regulatory practices. The study assessed knowledge of people about the risks associated with self-medication; identify the causes of self-medication; assess the commonly misused drugs; and identify information sources for purchasing and using drugs without prescription. The study was conducted in General Outpatient Department of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria and Census was used to select the respondents. Descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted and questionnaire was used for this study. Data was analyzed by using SSPS version 22.0 while frequency tables, bar charts and chi square were used to present the data. Findings revealed that 82.3% of the respondents had high awareness of the risks associated with self-medication, high cost of treatment and previous experience were the most identified causes of self-medication. Commonly abused drugs were Analgesics and antibiotics. Major sources of information for purchasing the drugs were the pharmacy and family members while age, sex and educational were significantly associated with awareness of the risk of self-medication. The study concluded that patients had high awareness of the risks associated with self-medication, high cost of treatment and previous experience with disease accounted for the practice. It is therefore important for Nigerian government to enforcement the existing regulations against free display and sales of drugs in unauthorized places.
Bromate and trace metal levels in bread loaves from outlets within Ile-Ife Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria
(2014) Oyekunle JA; Adekunle AS; Ogunfowokan AO; Olutona GO; Omolere OB
Bread loaves randomly sampled from nine outlets and bakeries within Ile-Ife were analysed to determine their safety levels for human consumption with respect to bromate and trace metal contents. Bromate determination was carried out via spectrophotometric method while trace metals in the digested bread samples were profiled using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Bromate levels in the analyzed bread samples ranged from 2.051 ± 0.011 μg/g to 66.224 ± 0.014 μg/g while the trace metal levels were of the order: 0.03–0.10 μg/g Co = 0.03–0.10 μg/g Pb < 0.23–0.46 μg/g Cu < 2.23–6.63 μg/g Zn < 25.83–75.53 μg/g Mn. This study revealed that many bread bakers around Ile-Ife had not fully complied with the bromate-free rule stipulated by NAFDAC contrary to the “bromate free” inscribed on the labels of the bread. The bread samples contained both essential and toxic trace metals to levels that could threaten the health of consumers over prolonged regular consumption.
Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(2021) Obafemi TO; Jaiyesimi KF; Olomola AA; Olasehinde OR; Olaoye OA; Adewumi FD; Afolabi BA; Adewale OB; Akintayo CO; Ojo OA
Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.
Data on perceived excessive workload on faculty members׳ commitment
(2018) Oludayo OA; Akanbi CO; Falola HO; Aluko OA
For this article, the survey data on the effect of perceived excessive workload on faculty members’ commitment was presented. This data was gathered from an academic environment using the full time faculty members of Covenant University. The descriptive research design method was employed. The initial sample size used for the analysis was 228 faculty members but only 189 copies of questionnaire were returned. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for the coding of the data. The validity and reliability of the research instrument were carried out using Cronbach Alpha. Descriptive analysis was used for the presentation of the data. This data is made publicly available to assist further study in the area of workload and employees commitment.
Dataset on insightful bio-evaluation of 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamide analogues as potential anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase agents via in silico mechanisms
(2021) Oyebamiji AK; Josiah OM; Akintelu SA; Adeoye MD; Sabitu BO; Latona DF; Esan AO; Soetan EA; Semire B
The continuous havoc wrecked by tuberculosis among humans worldwide remains colossal. In this work, twenty-one (21) 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamide analogues were observed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (This enzyme shields bacteria from poisonous drug-like molecules) (PDB ID: 1sj2) using density functional theory method, QSAR study using material studio software and docking method via PyMol, AutoDock Tool, AutoDock Vina and Discovery studio 2017 as well as ADMET study via admetSAR2. Twelve descriptors were obtained from the optimized compounds which were used to develop valid QSAR model. More so, the binding affinity between 2-(quinoline-4-yloxy)acetamide analogues and Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (PDB ID: 1sj2) via docking method were reported. ADMET properties of some selected compounds were also examined.
Depression, anxiety, stress and coping strategies among family members of patients admitted in intensive care unit in Nigeria
(2020) Olabisi OI; Olorunfemi O; Bolaji A; Azeez FO; Olabisi TE; Azeez O
Background Hospitalization of a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) negatively affects the mental health of the family caregivers and they might eventually come up with psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and coping strategies of family members of hospitalized critically ill patients. Methods A descriptive study was conducted among 107 family members of patients admitted to ICU in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS-21) were administered to the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and correlations statistics. Result The mean scores and standard deviation of the family members’ stress level is 8.7 (SD = 4.4); anxiety 8.5 (SD = 3.9) and depression 1.3 (SD = 1.9); 41% were anxious and 10% were stressed. There was a significant negative correlation between task oriented coping strategies and the mental health factors (depression; r = −0.193, p = 0.046; anxiety r = −0.456, p = 0.000, stress r = −0.485, p = 0.000). Family members who utilized emotion oriented coping strategies reportedly experienced anxiety (r = 0.450, p = 0.000) and stress (r = 0.564, p = 0.000). Age, income, nature of the family types, residential area and the level of education influenced the level of emotional distress. Conclusion Patients’ relatives of different socio-demographic characteristics such as age and family size experienced psychological distress and family members who used more task coping strategies experienced low level of depression, anxiety and stress.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels of groundwater in Ife north local government area of Osun state, Nigeria
(2017) Adekunle AS; Oyekunle JA; Ojo OS; Maxakato NW; Olutona GO; Obisesan OR
This study determined the presence and levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of groundwater in Moro, Edun-Abon, Yakoyo and Ipetumodu communities in Ife-North Local Government Area of Osun State. This was with a view to create public awareness about the safety of groundwater as a source for domestic purposes (e.g., drinking, cooking etc.) in non-industrial area. Water samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August–October) in the wet season and three months (December–February) in the dry season. The PAHs in the water samples were extracted with n-hexane using liquid–liquid extraction method, while their qualitative identifications and quantitative estimations were carried out with the use of gas chromatography. Levels of PAHs detected showed predominance of light PAHs (less than four fused rings) for both wet and the dry seasons. Higher concentrations of PAHs were recorded during the wet season than the dry season. The study concluded that the groundwater in the communities was contaminated with light PAHs and the total PAHs in this area exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 10μgL−1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for safety of groundwater.
Distribution of three non-essential trace metals (Cadmium, Mercury and Lead) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria
(2015) Atobatele OE; Olutona GO
The distribution of non-essential trace elements in some vital organs of 11 fish species from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria was assessed between November 2010 and June 2011. The fish species belong to seven families; family Mormyridae, family Cyprinidae, family Hepsetidae and family Channidae each with one species; family Bagridae and family Clariidae each with two species; and family Cichlidae with three species. All families, except Clariidae and Channidae, are common in the daily catch from the reservoir. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the levels of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish organs. The concentration of toxic trace metals in fish ranged from 0.001 to 0.100ppm (Cd), 0.000–0.067ppm (Hg) and 0.001–0.125ppm (Pb) dry weight. This study shows similarity (p>0.05) in the distribution of Cd, Hg and Pb among fish species; and a non-uniform distribution of toxic trace metals within fish organs with Kidney>Liver>Gill≥Intestine≥Muscle. Canonical variate analysis shows clear discrimination of Clarias macromystax and Channa obscura for gill trace metal levels of Cd, Hg and Pb while Labeo senegalensis and Oreochromis niloticus were discriminated for liver trace metal values of Cd and Pb only when compared to other fish species studied. The discrimination of some fish species based on trace metals in the gills and liver suggests different regulatory strategies for trace metal accumulation. Variation due to comparison among different fish species from the same water body suggests that accumulation may be species dependent. Differential accumulation of toxic trace metals in fish organs makes them good bioindicators of freshwater contamination.
DNA synthesis in prokaryotes: Replication
(1973) Smith DW
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Effect of Storage on the Pasting Characteristics of Yam Tubers
(2014) Otegbayo BO
ABSTRACT Yam is a popular root and tuber crop which is important as a dietary staple and potential export crop. Storage of yam tubers is an age long practice in yam growing communities of West Africa, while pasting characteristic is an important indicator of potential utilization of yam tubers. The study was carried out to investigate effect of storage of the tubers on their pasting characteristics. Six varieties each of D. alata and D. rotundata were used for the study. At harvest, the tubers were divided into two groups. The first group was stored in a conventional open-air yam barn for four months, while tubers in the second group were not stored. Pasting characteristics of both fresh and stored tubers were determined by Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). The result showed that the effect of storage on the yam tubers were species dependent. In D. alata there was an increase in peak viscosity (231.36 to 257.56 RVU), breakdown (71.68 to 122.47 RVU), setback (42.58 to 65.99 RVU), while there was a decrease in most of the parameters except break-down and setback viscosities in D. rotundata. Generally, a decrease in peak viscosity, holding strength, final viscosity and peak time of the yam tubers during storage was observed, while the breakdown and setback viscosities of the tubers increased significantly (p<0.05) on storage. The industrial implication of this is that starches of stored tubers may have high retrogradation tendencies but more resistance to shear-thinning and have more paste stability during processing.
Effects of Kolaviron on Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in the Hippocampus of Adult Wistar Rats
(2019) Babatunde DE; Adediji JA; Omotoso GO
Enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis and suppressed adenosine deaminase activity by lithium attenuates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in nicotine-exposed rats
(2019) Dangana EO; Michael OS; Omolekulo TE; Areola ED; Olatunji LA
Reduced liver glycogen synthesis might signify increased glucose flux towards fat synthesis and triggers hepatic triglyceride accumulation and dysmetabolism. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) reduces adenosine content which increases glycogenolysis. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of modulating glycogen synthesis and ADA by lithium chloride (LiCl) on nicotine-induced dysmetabolism. Twenty four male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were allotted into four groups namely; vehicle-treated (po), nicotine-treated (1.0 mg/kg; po), LiCl-treated (5.0 mg/kg; po) and nicotine + LiCl-treated groups. The treatments lasted for 8 weeks. Nicotine exposure resulted in reduced body weight gain, liver weight, visceral adiposity, glycogen content and synthase. Along with increased insulin resistance (IR), fasting plasma glucose, lactate, plasma and hepatic ADA, XO, UA, and triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid, lipid peroxidation and liver injury markers. However, plasma and hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent antioxidant defenses were not affected by nicotine exposure. Concurrent treatment with LiCl normalizes all alterations with exception of hepatic TC. This result shows that enhancement of hepatic glycogen synthesis and suppression of ADA/XO/uric acid pathway by lithium can salvage the liver from nicotine-induced TG accumulation.
Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive and nicotine exposure synergistically confers cardio-renoprotection in female Wistar rats
(2020) Michael OS; Dibia CL; Adeyanju OA; Olaniyi KS; Areola ED; Olatunji LA
Approximately fifty percent of premenopausal women who smoke cigarettes or on nicotine replacement therapy are also on hormonal contraceptives, especially oral estrogen-progestin. Oral estrogen-progestin therapy has been reported to promote insulin resistance (IR) which causes lipid influx into non-adipose tissue and impairs Na+/K+ -ATPase activity, especially in the heart and kidney. However, the effects of nicotine on excess lipid and altered Na+/K+ -ATPase activity associated with the use of estrogen-progestin therapy have not been fully elucidated. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of nicotine on cardiac and renal lipid influx and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity during estrogen-progestin therapy. Twenty-four female Wistar rats grouped into 4 (n = 6/group) received (p.o.) vehicle, nicotine (1.0 mg/kg) with or without estrogen-progestin steroids (1.0 μg ethinyl estradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel) and estrogen-progestin only daily for 6 weeks. Data showed that estrogen-progestin treatment or nicotine exposure caused IR, hyperinsulinemia, increased cardiac and renal uric acid, malondialdehyde, triglyceride, glycogen synthase kinase-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, reduced bilirubin and circulating estradiol. Estrogen-progestin treatment led to decreased cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase activity while nicotine did not alter Na+/K+-ATPase activity but increased plasma and tissue cotinine. Renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity was not altered by the treatments. However, all these alterations were reversed following combined administration of oral estrogen-progestin therapy and nicotine. The present study therefore demonstrates that oral estrogen-progestin therapy and nicotine exposure synergistically prevents IR-linked cardio-renotoxicity with corresponding improvement in cardiac and renal lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity.

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