Toxicity assessment of sub-acute and sub-chronic oral administration and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces

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dc.contributor.authorNjinga NS
dc.contributor.authorKola-Mustapha AT
dc.contributor.authorQuadri AL
dc.contributor.authorAtolani O
dc.contributor.authorAyanniyi RO
dc.contributor.authorBuhari MO
dc.contributor.authorAmusa TO
dc.contributor.authorAjani EO
dc.contributor.authorFolaranmi OO
dc.contributor.authorBakare-Odunola MT
dc.contributor.authorKambizi L
dc.contributor.authorOladiji AT
dc.contributor.authorEbong P
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-26T11:50:22Z
dc.date.available2022-07-26T11:50:22Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptionHeliyon
dc.description.abstractBackground Food and herbal usage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is attaining improved global relevance and acceptance without recourse to its potential toxic effects. This study investigated the safety profile of acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic administrations and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (AEHSC). Method Acute oral toxicity, sub-acute and sub-chronic toxicity as well as diuretic studies were carried out on HS. A total of 20 Wistar rats were used for each toxicity study and assigned into four groups of five rats. The extract was administered as a single daily dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (bwt) for 28 and 90 days respectively. To evaluate diuretic activity, 25 rats were divided into five groups of five rats and administered normal saline, hydrochlorothiazide 10 mg/kg, AEHSC 67.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg via the oral route. Urine sample was collected after 18 h, volume measured and concentration of electrolytes analyzed. The hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated as well as the histopathology of kidney and liver. Results The acute oral toxicity was found to be >2000 mg/kg. AEHSC did not alter concentration of WBC, MCV, MCHC, lymphocyte as well as total and direct bilirubin in the sub-acute study. However, AEHSC significantly (p < 0.05) increased total protein, albumin, globulin, Na+, Cl−, HCO3- and platelet levels, while levels of uric acid, creatinine, K+, RBC, Hb, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C and atherogenic index were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In the sub-chronic study, AEHSC significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of globulin, urea, creatinine, MCH and atherogenic index. The concentrations of uric acid, WBC, platelets and HDL-C were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. In both the sub-acute and sub-chronic studies, activities of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT and LDH in selected organs were altered without significant increase (P < 0.05) in activity of these enzymes in the serum. The AEHSC at all the doses showed remarkable diuretic activity during 18 h period comparable to hydrochlorothiazide. The extract also showed a non-dose-dependent increase in excretion of electrolytes. Histological analysis of sections of the liver and kidney for both sub-acute and sub-chronic studies showed normal histology comparable to the control group. Conclusion This study revealed AEHSC has some toxic effects in rats on sub-chronic administration. In addition, the extracts produced a significant diuretic activity. Hence, prolonged oral consumption of the extract may not be recommended.
dc.identifier.citation10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04853
dc.identifier.issn2405-8440
dc.identifier.urihttps://nerd.ethesis.ng/handle/123456789/286
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectSub-acute
dc.subjectSub-chronic
dc.subjectToxicity
dc.subjectHaematology
dc.subjectDiuretic
dc.subjectDrug development
dc.subjectChemical composition of food
dc.subjectChemical characterization of food
dc.subjectPlant products
dc.subjectFood toxicology
dc.subjectDose-response relationship
dc.subjectNatural product
dc.subjectToxicology
dc.subjectPharmacology
dc.titleToxicity assessment of sub-acute and sub-chronic oral administration and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces
dc.typeArticle
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