RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS TO TREATED DIETARY Moringa oleifera SEED CAKE
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Date
2019
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Abstract
Moringa oleifera Seed Cake (MoSC) is a potential feedstuff for livestock but contains some
antinutritional factors. Applications of technological treatments to MoSC could eliminate the
antinutrients, improve its nutritional content, apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient and
feeding values. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the proximate, secondary
metabolites and mineral composition of raw MoSC (rMoSC), (ii) treat MoSC by soaking in 80%
ethanol solution (ETMoSC), gamma irradiation at 10, 30 and 50KGy (GIMoSC), addition of
ferrous sulphate to kaolin (FKMoSC), and soaking in 10, 20 and 30% ammonium hydroxide
solution (AHMoSC), (iii) investigate the effects of treated MoSC (tMoSC) on performance,
haematology, serum chemistry and histology of broiler chickens.
Experiment 1, determined the proximate composition, phytochemical screening and
quantification of rMoSC and studied the effects of ETMoSC on broiler chickens. Experiment 2
studied the effect of GIMoSC on broiler chickens. Experiment 3 evaluated the utilization of
FKMoSC by broiler chickens. Experiment 4 investigated the response of broiler chickens to
AHMoSC and determined the haematology, serum chemistry and histology of the broiler
chickens fed tMoSC. A total of six-hundred-day old broiler chicks were used and each
experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Data obtained were subjected to Completely Randomised Design,
mean were separated using the Duncan Multiple range test at p=0.05.
The findings of the study were that:
i. crude protein content of rMoSC was 33.82%, it contains 173.20, 132.16, and
36.08mg/kg of phytate, tannins and saponins, respectively.
ii. the daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens fed
ETMoSC were significantly (p<0.05) poorer than the control,
iii. Broiler chickens fed GIMoSC had similar (p>0.05) DWG (59.03 to 59.64
vs.59.69g/bird/day), FI (106.66 to 107.13 vs. 104.22g/bird/day) and FCR (1.81 to 1.84
vs. 1.75) with the control, those fed rMoSC had poorer DWG, FI and FCR,
iv. Performance of broiler chickens fed FKMoSC were similar (p>0.05) to that of the
control with DWG of 59.64 to 61.35 vs. 59.66g/bird/day, FI (101.98 to 105g
vs.103.43bird/day) and FCR (1.71 to 1.74 vs. 1.73), those fed rMOSC had
significantly (p<0.05) poorer performance,
v. Broiler fed graded level of AHMoSC had similar (p<0.05) DWG, FI and FCR with
the control (61.73 to 61.99 vs. 59.99; 103.75 to 104.74 vs. 102.51 g/bird/day and 1.67
to 1.69 vs. 1.71, respectively, and were significantly (p<0.05) better than value for
rMoSC,
vi. The haematological indices and serum chemistry of chickens fed tMoSC were poorer
than the control but significantly (p<0.05) better than those of rMoSC; histology of
liver in broiler chickens fed tMoSC revealed degeneration of the hepatocytes, while
those fed rMoSC showed coagulative necrosis.
The study concluded that the feeding value of the treated MoSC was better than raw;
treatment of MoSC by soaking in ethanol was not effective in its detoxification. Treatments
of MoSC with gamma Irradiation, Ferrous Sulphate–Kaolin and Ammonium hydroxide
solution were more effective with performance results that are comparable to the control and
their usage at higher level is recommended for effective detoxification of MoSC.