Browse
Recent Submissions
Item GIRL-CHILD DISCRIMINATION IN HOMES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN IKENNE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA(2014) ODEWUSI TEMITAYO ADEOLAThe World Health Organization states that globally, many girls are denied education, refused health care and exploited both sexually and economically. These negatively influence the health and development of girls. Information on the prevalence of girl-child discrimination is sparse in Nigeria. This study was thus conducted to find out the knowledge of the rights of the girl-child and prevalence of their discrimination among secondary school students in Ikenne Local Government Area (ILGA), Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study which utilised quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. A three stage random sampling technique was used to select 350 students from five of the 17 secondary schools in the LGA. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of the rights of the girl-child were obtained from the students using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge was assessed on a 12-point scale. The score was computed and categorized as below average (<6) or above average (≥ 6). Data on types of discrimination experienced by female students in the three month preceding the study were also obtained. Four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted, two each among students and parents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test while thematic analysis was used for FGD data. Fifty-four percent of respondents were females. Their mean age was 14.0 ±2.2 years. Almost half (48.4%) of the students reported that their mothers had tertiary education, 42.1% secondary, 5.8% primary and 3.7% had no formal education. The levels of education of their fathers were tertiary (59.2%), followed by secondary (34.4%), primary (4.7%) and no formal (1.7%) education. Majority (97.1%) of students had above average knowledge of the rights of a girl-child. Fourteen percent of boys reported that at least one of their sisters had been discriminated against. About one third (38.5%) of female students reported that they had been discriminated against. Forms of discrimination experienced by female students included restriction from taking part in decision making (59.2%), less attention given when ill (22.4%) and being given less food (18.4%) compared to their brothers. None of the girls had been discriminated against in terms of access to education. A higher proportion of girls whose mothers had no or primary education had experienced discrimination (44.4%) compared with those whose mothers had secondary and higher levels of education (38.2%). More girls (66.7%), whose fathers had no or primary education had experienced discrimination compared with those whose fathers had secondary and higher levels of education (36.8%) (p< 0.05). The FGD revealed that boys and girls were treated differently. Discussants supported survey findings that girl-child discrimination occurred in the community, though covertly and that discrimination took many forms such as being given less food and restriction from the process of decision making compared with boys. Girl-child discrimination occurred in the study area and girls whose parents had primary and no education were more likely to be discriminated against. Interventions to address girl-child discrimination thus need to target all parents especially those with lower levels of education.Item NUTRIENT UTILISATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FED DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED MUCUNA UTILIS MEALS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN-BASED DIET.(2011) JABEZ BUNMI OLASUNKANMIHigh cost of feed and competition between fish and other livestock‟s feed industries necessitate research into low cost, non-conventional feedstuffs for profitable fish farming. The feed potential of Mucuna utilis in this direction has not been documented. The feed potentials of Mucuna utilis and its effects on growth and biochemical parameters of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were therefore investigated. Proximate, mineral composition and level of L-DOPA (3, 4-dihydroxylphenyalanine) in Raw Mucuna Meal (RMM), Cooked Mucuna Meal (CMM) and Toasted Mucuna Meal (TMM) were determined. These were used to substitute soybean meal at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels in 40% crude protein isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 6.60 ± 1.09g) were randomly allotted to the 12 treatments in a 4 by 3 factorial experiment. The experiment was replicated thrice and the fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. The feeding trial lasted for 84 days during which growth and nutrient utilization parameters such as Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), plasma glucose, plasma protein and albumin were determined. Also, histo-pathological evaluations of fish fed MSM supplemented diets were carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein (29.2%), fat (0.7%), fibre (9.6%), Potassium (1.4%), Phosphorus (0.1%) and Iron (132.1mg/kg) were highest in RMM while CMM had the least values. The level of L- DOPA was highest (6.9%) in RMM and lowest in TMM (5.2%). All the fish responded positively to experimental diets with increase in growth ranging from 12.69 ± 2.10g in 30% RMM to 18.48 ± 3.9g in 10% CMM. The MWG (20.98 ± 5.19g), SGR (11.9%), and FCR (2.81 ± 0.29) recorded in fish fed control diet (0% inclusion level) were higher but not significantly different from values obtained in fish fed diets 10% RMM and 10% TMM. Inclusion of Mucuna Seed Meal (MSM) in the diet beyond 20% in all treatments resulted in lower weight gain. Carcass protein increased in all except in fish fed 20% RMM. The PCV increased progressively from 27.0% in the control diet to 37.7% recorded in 30% inclusion level of CMM. Fish in 20% RMM had the highest WBC (8.20 X 103 ± 0.59mm3 ) value while the lowest value (1.01 X 103 ± 1.29mm3 ) was obtained in 20% inclusion level of TMM. There were no significant differences in the plasma glucose in all the treatments compared to the control value of 39.33 ± 9.24mg/l. Feeding MSM-based diets at 30% inclusion level in all the processed forms resulted in severe vacuolation of the hepatocytes of the liver and spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum of the brain. Mucuna seed meals have good potential as feed ingredient in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Substitution of Mucuna seed meal as a replacement for soybean meal beyond 20% may lead to serious nutritional and health hazards to the fish.Item EFFECTS OF FUNDING, STAFF TRAINING, PRESERVATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL ON NEWSPAPER UTILISATION IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA(2013) OLATUNDUN OLUWATOYIN OYEWUMINewspapers are sources of information on topical and current issues, stocked by libraries for use but due to their nature, they are susceptible to deterioration much faster than other printed materials. University libraries, therefore, have the challenge of preserving newspapers for posterity, quick access and use. Existing studies have dealt with newspaper preservation but there is a dearth of studies on effects of funding, staff training, preservation and bibliographic control on newspaper utilisation. This study, therefore, investigated effects of funding, staff training, preservation and bibliographic control on newspaper utilisation in university libraries in Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 14 (out of 25) federal and 15 (out of 28) state universities from all public universities in Nigeria in 2010. Twenty-nine serial librarians and 50 users from each of the selected universities participated in the study. The instruments used were two questionnaires, one for the serial librarians and the other for the users, interview checklist and observation schedule. The questionnaire on serial librarians had scales on funding (r=0.65), staff training (r=0.68), preservation and bibliographic control (r=0.71), while that of the users had scale on newspaper utilisation (r=0.71). Two hundred copies of 16 titles of different national newspapers were sampled and inspected in each of the universities to verify their level of deterioration. Nine research questions were raised and six hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment correlation, multiple regression and content analysis. There was a significant relationship between preservation of newspapers and newspaper utilisation (r=0.264,p<0.05), newspaper utilisation and bibliographic control of newspapers (r=0.514,p<0.05); and between newspaper utilisation and funding of newspapers (r=0.516,p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between newspaper utilisation and staff training on preservation. Funding, staff training, preservation and bibliographic control of newspapers jointly influenced newspaper utilisation in university libraries in Nigeria and accounted for 3.2% of the variance on newspaper utilisation. The four factors when combined made significant contribution to newspaper utilisation (F(4;24)=4.37,p<0.05). The contributions of these factors were as follows: preservation (β=0.308), bibliographic control of newspaper (β=0.227), funding (β=0.117) and staff training (β=0.025). Funding of newspapers in federal university was (x=N500,000) and state (x=N100,000). The interview revealed that newspaper subscription and preservation were not adequately funded and staff training in both federal and state universities was inadequate. However, funding of newspapers in federal universities was relatively better than in state universities. It was revealed that majority of users from all the universities consulted newspapers frequently. Observation guide showed that newspapers were not well preserved to provide quick access to them in both federal and state universities. Funding, staff training on preservation and bibliographic control positively influence the shelve life of newspapers in both federal and state universities. Therefore, university librarians should sustain and improve on preservation and bibliographic control of newspapers to extend their shelve life and provide quick access to them due to their role as information resources.Item SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENTS IN FOSTER HOMES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA(2015) Christiana Adeyoola OLUWAMOTEMIAdolescents in Foster Homes (AFHs) often experience negative psychological and developmental problems, which have grave consequences on their Emotional Well-being (EWB) and Social Well-being (SWB), with an attendant effect on their future lifestyles. Previous studies have focused more on AFHs’ deviant behaviour, school adjustment and psychological well-being than on EWB and SWB as well as their predisposing factors. This study, therefore, determined the extent to which socio-environmental factors (peer influence, foster officials’ religious beliefs, media exposure, exposure to drug/substance use, neighbourhood characteristics, school climate and foster home climate) determined EWB and SWB of AFHs in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select 27 foster homes (nine public, 18 private) from the six states in Southwestern Nigeria. A combination of stratified, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 575 AFHs inmates (339 boys, 236 girls). Socio-environmental Factors Scale (r=0.72), Emotional Well-being Scale (r=0.65), Social Well-being Scale (r=0.67) and Adolescent Fostering Scale (r=0.69) were used for the data collection. These were complemented with four Group Key Informant Interviews involving Chief Welfare Officers and assistants of four of the foster homes, and three Focus Group Discussions with AFHs. Four research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions, while qualitative data were content analysed. Socio-environmental factors significantly influenced the EWB and SWB of AFHs (F(6,568) = 8.37, R= .29), accounting for 8.0% and 11.0% in the variance of EWB and SWB respectively. Foster home climate (β= 0.16), foster officials’ religious beliefs (β= 0.15), school climate (β= 0.13), peer influence (β= 0.91), media exposure (β= 0.09), neighbourhood characteristics (β= -0.23) and exposure to drug/substance use (β= -0.01) had relative contributions to EWB and SWB of AFHs. Furthermore, the socio-environmental factors correlated positively with the indices of emotional well-being of the AFHs as follows: self-concept (r= 0.09), self-esteem (r= 0.08), behavioural control (r= 0.07), stress management skills (r= 0.06) and resilience skills (r=0.06). Also, socio- environmental factors correlated positively with the indices of SWB as follows: environmental management skill (r= 0.08), sustained relationships (r= 0.07), good school performance (r= 0.07), assertiveness skills (r= 0.06), good social interaction (r= 0.06) and good communication skills (r= 0.05). The fostered boys had better EWB and SWB (𝑥 = 57.0, 60.3) than the girls (𝑥 = 54.9, 56.6), while the girls (𝑥 = 22.1) exhibited good social skills and trust than the boys (𝑥 = 18.0). Also, the private fostered adolescents (𝑥 = 18.0) exhibited signs of greater comfort than those in the public homes (𝑥 = 15.9). The AFHs were faced with the problems of attachment disorder, unhealthy development and low academic achievement. Foster home climate, foster officials’ religious beliefs, school climate, peer influence and media exposure positively influenced the emotional and social well-being of adolescents in foster homes in Southwestern Nigeria. Therefore, better social environment should be constantly sustained in foster care to ameliorate negative development of inmates.Item THE REFERRAL SYSTEM AND FEEDBACK PROCESS BY MEDICAL CONSULTANTS AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN.(2012) VICTORIA OLUWABUNMI OLADOYINReferral is an essential two-way process linking the three tiers of health care together. Lack of feedback is a common constraint to the proper functioning of the referral process and information is lacking on the factors which affect this process. This study was therefore designed to assess the knowledge, level of practice as well as the factors influencing the feedback process in the two-way referral system by medical consultants at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. A cross-sectional study of all medical consultants (82) who routinely receive referrals and actively provide specialized patient care at the University College Hospital, Ibadan was carried out. Using a self-administered questionnaire, information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice and the factors affecting the two-way referral process was obtained from respondents. Validation was done by assessing all new patients’ records (1,207) in their clinics. Knowledge scores ranged between 0-8, scores of 0-4 were classified as poor knowledge and 5-8 as good knowledge. Chi-square test was used to determine association between categorical variables at 5% level of statistical significance. The mean age of the respondents was 46.5 ±7.5 years, 64.6% of the respondents were males and 51.2% had 15-24 years working experience as a doctor. The respondents included were surgeons (17.1%), dentists (15.9%), paediatricians (14.6%), physicians (12.2%), obstetrician and gynaecologists (9.8%), psychiatrists (6.1%), community health physicians (6.1%), haematologists (6.1%), radiotherapists (4.9%), ophthalmologists (3.7%), and otorhinolaryngologists (3.7%). Although 84.1% of the respondents had good knowledge of the two-way referral system, only 56.1% reported sending feedbacks. Evidence of feedbacks was available however in only 9.7% of case notes. The decision to send feedbacks was based on the reason for referral and detail of clinical information supplied by the referring healthcare provider as reported by 42.7% and 32.9% of the respondents respectively. Ignorance of the existence of the feedback system (14.6%), lack of commitment to the practice of sending feedbacks (13.4%), inadequate resources (11.0%) and a heavy patient load (9.8%) were identified by respondents as challenges to the two-way referral system. Most (97.6%) of the respondents believed that there was a need to improve the feedback system. Working experience was significantly and positively associated with sending of feedbacks. Feedback was also significantly associated with the existence of a coordinating system for referrals within the departments. Feedbacks were given more on outpatients than inpatients. Feedbacks from Ophthalmologists were significantly higher than those from other consultants. A feedback was also more likely if the information on the referral letter to the consultants contained detailed information. Knowledge about the two-way referral system was high in the study population but the feedback practice was poor. There is a need for a mechanism to monitor referrals, provide adequate resources and re-orientate medical consultants about the feedback.Item EFFECTS OF THREE POSITIVE LIFE SKILLS ON IN – SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR OF TRUANCY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA.(2015) Olayemi Omowunmi ADEBIYICurbing truancy among in-school adolescents in public secondary schools in Nigeria had attracted much attention from stakeholders. Efforts made by government, schools and families to check such behaviour have not produced the desired results, thus necessitating the introduction of positive-life skills interventions. However, literature has shown a relatively low trend in previous studies utilizing positive life skills. Previous studies on positive life skills focused on hardened criminals, run-away boys and prisoners with little attention given to truant in- school adolescents in Ibadan metropolis. This study, therefore, examined the effects of three positive life skills (moral reasoning, social adjustment and study skills) on adolescence delinquent behaviour of truancy in public secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis. It further examined the moderating effects of gender and socio-economic status. The study adopted a pretest-posttest, control group, quasi experimental design, using a 4x2x3 factorial matrix. Eight co-educational public secondary schools in Ibadan were purposively chosen, while simple random sampling technique was used to select 480 Senior Secondary I students (comprising 240 males and 240 females between the ages of 13-19) with a history of truancy. Participants were randomly assigned to moral reasoning, social adjustment, study skills and control groups. Treatment lasted six weeks. Instruments used were: moral reasoning intervention scale, social adjustment scale and study skills intervention scale. These were complemented with four sessions of focus group discussion with some of the participants. Seven hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA, MCA and Scheffe posthoc test. There was a significant main effect of positive life skills on truancy reduction among in-school adolescents in Ibadan (F(3, 405) = 48.67, ƞ2 = 0.24). Participants in the social adjustment group had a higher posttest mean score (𝑥 = 66.83) than moral reasoning (𝑥 = 65.44), study skills (𝑥 = 64.56) and control (𝑥 = 61.30) groups. There were no significant main effects of gender and socio- economic status on truancy reduction. There was also a significant interaction effect of treatment and gender on truancy reduction (F(3,471) = 5.17, ƞ2 =0.03) with gender accounting for 9.6% in the variation of truancy reduction. However, there were no significant interaction effects of socio- economic status and treatment, and gender and socio-economic status on truancy reduction. There was no significant three-way interaction effect of treatment, gender and socio-economic status on truancy reduction. Moral reasoning skills, social adjustment skills and study skills enhanced truancy reduction among in-school adolescents in public secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis. Therefore, these three positive life skills should be taught as school subjects to the secondary school students. The students would increase in knowledge and be able to think rightly, do the right thing at the right time in order to avoid wrong action that can encourage punishment, avoidance of school and truancy. The students would be free to express themselves freely in an environment void of intimidation and biases, which would lead to the realization of students’ internal attributes and ability to do well in class for academic achievement. The students would also know the methodology of studying well, when, how and what to study. Reading ahead of the class, not only when examinations are approaching, but all the time. The act of reading and studying well encourage students to do well in class, pass examinations to become school achievers.Item IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES, PROPRIETORSHIP AND FUNDING ON ADMINISTRATORS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN UNIVERSITIES IN THE SOUTH- WEST, NIGERIA(2015) MATTHEW OLUWOLE, OJOOptimum performance of the university system is dependent on decision-making, teamwork, planning, control, coordination and communication system, which are measures of effectiveness of the administrators. There are evidences that administrators‟ work schedule in the Nigerian university system had been hampered by internal and external interferences; a trend that had raised concerns among stakeholders. Previous studies have focused on the effects of financial, environmental, institutional and governmental factors with little or no consideration for the combined influence of leadership styles, proprietorship, and funding on administrators‟ effectiveness. This study, therefore, determines the impacts of leadership styles, proprietorship and funding on administrators‟ effectiveness in universities in South- West Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was adopted. The purposive sampling technique was used to select five universities; one each of: state, private, generalised federal university, federal university of technology and federal university of agriculture. The technique was also used to select 30 Principal Officers, 54 Deans/Provosts, 242 Heads of Departments/Directors of Units and 194 Deputy Registrars/Deputy Bursars/Deputy Librarians/Faculty Officers from the five selected universities. Leadership Style (r=0.95), Proprietorship (r=0.98) and Funding (r=0.99) Scales and Administrators‟ Effectiveness Questionnaire (r=0.98) were used for data collection. These were complemented with In-depth Interview with 20 selected university administrators. Four research questions were answered and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analysis. The three predisposing factors had a joint impact on administrators‟ effectiveness in the universities (F(6,1468)=15546.92, R=.99), and accounted for 98.5% in the variance of administrators‟ effectiveness. Proprietorship (β=.53), funding (β=.42) and leadership styles (β=.20) had relative contributions to administrators‟ effectiveness. Components of proprietorship, namely: federal (r=.53), state (r=.23), and private (r=.98) correlated with administrators‟ effectiveness. Also, democratic (r=.94), autocratic (r=.92) and laissez faire (r=.90) leadership styles correlated with administrators‟ effectiveness. Funding sources namely: government subvention (r=.76), internally generated revenue (r=.77), endowments (r=.80), donations (r=.79) and tuition (r=.77) correlated with administrators‟ effectiveness. The three predisposing factors significantly impacted on administrators‟ effectiveness as follows: decision-making (r=.75), teamwork (r=.80), planning (r=.78), control (r=.77), coordination (r=.65), and communication system (r=.05). There existed a difference in administrative effectiveness on the proprietorship: federal (x̅=20.98), state (x̅=16.53), and private (x̅=12.70). Differences were noted in the perception on administrative effectiveness among the Principal Officers, their Deputies, academic heads and Directors of Units. Democratic leadership styles, private proprietorship and endowment funding impacted positively on administrators‟ effectiveness in universities in the South-West, Nigeria. To ensure improved administrators‟ effectiveness in the universities, there is a need for application of democratic leadership style, freedom from proprietors‟ interference and adequate funding.Item PERSONAL AND WORK- RELATED FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF CAREER GROWTH OF JUNIOR ACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWESTERN, NIGERIA(2014) Kehinde Olayiwola OGUNYINKAAcademic and administrative responsibilities assigned to junior academic staff though crucial to their career growth, are largely becoming challenging and inimical to their overall career achievements in Nigeria. Previous studies on career growth in the Nigerian university system have concentrated more on remunerations, job satisfaction and commitment, staff welfare and incentives, funding and retention, organisational climate and career pathways without adequate consideration for the combined predictive effects of personal and work- related factors. Therefore, this study examined the combined prediction of personal (emotional intelligence and gender) and work-related (work attitude, administrative responsibility and mentoring) factors on junior academic staff career growth (Readiness for Promotion (RP), Number of Publications (NoP), Regular Class Attendance (RCA), Teaching Ability (TA) and Self-confidence (SC)) in universities in Southwestern Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. Equal allocation method and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select 1200 junior academic staff from 12 purposively selected universities (four each from federal, state and private). Junior Academic Career Growth Scale (r=0.78), Administrative Responsibility (AR) Inventory (r=0.81), Work Attitude (WA) Scale (r=0.85), Emotional Intelligence (EI) Scale (r=0.82) and Mentoring Scale (r=0.81) were used for data collection. These were complemented with four sessions of in-depth interview with four randomly selected junior academic staff in each of the 12 institutions; making a total of 48 sessions. One research question was answered and six hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were subjected to Pearson product movement correlation, multiple regression and content analysis. Personal and work-related factors had a joint significant prediction on junior academic staff career growth (JASCG) (F(5,1194) =116.47) and jointly accounted for 33.0% of its variance. Emotional intelligence (β=0.355), gender (β=0.128), AR (β=0.074), WA (β=0.056) relatively contributed to JASCG, while mentoring did not. Also, EI (r=0.531), gender (r=0.430), mentoring (r=0.416), WA (r=0.326) and AR (r=0.224) positively correlated with JASCG. Administrative responsibilities significantly correlated with the components of JASCG as follows: TA (r=0.218), NoP (r=0.145), RCA (r=0.132), SC (r=0.130), and RP (r=0.115); while work attitude correlated with the same components as ranked: NoP (r=0.338), SC (r=0.369), RP (r=0.343), RCA (r=0.295) and TA (r=0.265). Further, EI correlated with JASCG components in this order: NoP (r=0.047), SC (r=0.025), TA (r=0.025), RCA (r= - 0.56), RP (r=-0.34). Mentoring also correlated with JASCG as ranked: NoP (r=0.209), TA (r=0.146), SC (r=0.143), RCA (r=0.135), RP (r=0.112). The junior academic staff can always cope with the rigour of academics and constantly experience ease career growth without much hindrance under good work environment, flexible work system, better mentoring system and high level of intelligence. Administrative responsibilities, work attitude, emotional intelligence and gender positively predicted the career growth of junior academic staff in universities in Southwestern Nigeria. There is, therefore, the need for the university management to provide enabling work environment that can enhance the right work attitude and emotional stability of the junior academic staff for them to perform optimally. In addition, there is the need to ensure an effective formal mentoring system and reduction of excessive workload.Item INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAMMES OF MULTINATIONAL OIL CORPORATIONS ON HOST COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA(2013) ONWEAZU OLUFEMI OKOJIThe concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) embraces the notion that Multinational Oil Corporations (MNCs) have moral and ethical responsibilities to their host communities. Though past studies on Niger Delta are vast and have generally focused on the activities of MNCs, such as community development programmes, peace building, provision of infrastructural facilities, little attention has been paid to their CSR. The study, therefore, investigated the influence of CSR programmes (Poverty alleviation, vocational scheme, healthcare scheme, infrastructural provision, and peace building) of MNCs on the development of selected host communities in South-south, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design of ex post facto study type. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1126 residents from 12 host communities in Akwa Ibom (AI) and Rivers states (RS), the states were selected because the MNCs operate mainly in the states. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 officials each from Exxon Mobil and Total Exploration. The CSR Inventory (r = 0.74) and Host Communities’ Development Assessment Scale (r = 0.71) were used. These were complemented with 24 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) held with residents of the host communities. Four research questions and three hypotheses were answered and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using mean, t – test and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Qualitative data were content analysed Poverty alleviation, vocational scheme, healthcare scheme, infrastructural provision, educational development and peace building programmes of the MNCs had a significant low relationship with development in the host communities (r = 0.019; p< 0.05). The relationship between each of the CSR programmes and development in the host communities were as follows: Poverty alleviation (r = -0.011; p >0.05), vocational scheme (r = 0.005; p> 0.05), health care (r = -0.014; p>0.05) infrastructure provision(r = 0.001; p>0.05) educational development (r = 0.025; p>0.05) and peace building (r = 0.029; p>0.05). The Corporate Social Responsibility of MNCs conformed to the standards of CSR as follows: corporate integrity (𝑋 =3.67), commitment (𝑋 = 3.69) and morality (𝑋 = 3.23). Significant difference was found between the impacts of the programmes in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States (Crit- t = 1.96; Cal.t = 3.134, df = 1126; p< 0.05). The CSR programmes impacted more on Rivers State in all the programmes than in Akwa Ibom State. The results of the CSR programmes of the MNC in the two states were as follows; Poverty alleviation, AI (𝑋 = 12.4000); RS (𝑋 = 13.5389). Vocational skills, AI (𝑋 =16.7625); RS (𝑋 =19.4329); Healthcare, AI (𝑋 = 6.9089); RS (𝑋 = 7.3905); Infrastructure, AI (𝑋 = 5.6482); RS (𝑋 = 6.4346); Educational development, AI (𝑋 = 12.4161); RS (𝑋 =14.1307); Peace building, AI (𝑋 =3.8589), RS (𝑋 =3.8993). The level of participation of host communities in the programmes of MNCs in South-south was low despite efforts of the corporations to improve their living conditions. Thus, for the programmes to be successful, the host communities should be involved in the planning and identification of priorities of needs before programmes executionItem EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLLEGIATE SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION IN COLLEGES OF MEDICINE IN NIGERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES(2012) Matthew Akheafe ITAKPEThe collegiate system of administration was introduced into the Nigerian university system to ensure synchronization, decentralization and democratization of operations and devolution of powers. It is expected to aid the process of decision making and implementation as against the bureaucratic problems associated with the faculty system of administration. In spite of these advantages, the collegiate system in Nigeria universities is practised only in the colleges of medicine. Even in these colleges, little priority has been given to independent assessment of the system. This study, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of the collegiate system of administration in Colleges of Medicine in Nigerian Federal Universities. The study adopted survey research design. Two thousand, two hundred and twenty-eight respondents consisting of 385 management, 748 academic, and 1095 non-academic members of staff were selected using stratified random sampling technique from the Universities of Ibadan, Benin and Nsukka. Collegiate System of Administration Assessment Scale with six sub-scales: Decentralisation, Devolution of Powers and Delegation Scale (r = 0.73), Decision making and Implementation Scale (r = 0.69), University Image Scale (r = 0.82), Expansion of Scale of Operations Scale (r = 0.88), Coordination and Cross- Fertilisation of Disciplines Scale (r = 0.91) and Assessment of Resources Requirements Scale (r = 0.78), was used. These were complemented with nine Key Informant Interview (KII) sessions with the sampled staff. Five research questions were raised and answered. Quantitative/qualitative data were analyzed using chi square and content analysis respectively. A high percentage of respondents were of the opinion that collegiate system of administration was effective for decentralization of university operations (85%), devolution of powers (83%) and delegation of authority and responsibility (82%). Acceleration of the process of decision making and implementation accounted for (84%) coordination and cross fertilization of related disciplines (84%) and realization of the academic objectives of the universities (86%). Among the three colleges sampled, respondents from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan were most favourably disposed to the collegiate system of administration in terms of decentralization of university operations (x2 =28.41, df = 6 p<0.05) devolution of powers (x2 =13.42, df = 6 p<0.05), acceleration of the process of decision making and implementation (x2 = 14.72 df = 6 p<0.05). The KII showed that the respondents, generally, were favourably disposed to collegiate system of administrations. Moreover, they were of the opinion that the system had impacted positively on the administration of colleges of medicine in Nigerian federal universities but that there is evidence of lack of proper understanding of the rules guiding the system. The collegiate system positively enhanced the decision making and implementation, decentralization, devolution of powers, delegation of authority, cross-fertilization of disciplines, images of universities and their colleges of medicine and the expansion of scale of their operations. Therefore, Government and the university management should ensure that every arm of the federal universities in Nigeria embrace the use of the collegiate system of administration, while the training and retraining of staff should be vigorously pursued to ensure proper effectiveness of the system.Item LABOUR INSPECTION VARIABLES AS CORRELATES OF DECENT WORK AGENDA IN EXTRACTIVE AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA(2011) SAMUEL OLU-ADAMS AJAKAYEIn response to daunting global challenges of quality of work life (QWL), the International Labour Organisation (ILO) initiated Decent Work Agenda (DWA), (suitable and productive working environment), to protect vulnerable employees and the working poor. Although previous studies have focused more on sweeping labour standards violations at work, they do not examine labour inspection (LI) system as a potent instrument for implementing DWA towards improving QWL. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which LI variables (LI visits, labour law enforcement, safety monitoring, industrial relations, dispute resolution, intelligence monitoring) influenced compliance with DWA in selected extractive and manufacturing industries. The Descriptive survey research design of the ex post facto type was adopted. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 1033 employees from 8 industries on the basis of minimum number of 50 employees in each organisation (456-Extractive Industry; 557-Manufacturing Industry), in Lagos and Ogun states given the high concentration of industries in the two states. Two instruments: LI Questionnaire (r = 0.75) and DWA Scale (r = 0.82) were used for data collection. These were complemented with a semi-structured Interview Guide. Thirteen In-depth Interview (IDI) sessions were held with Labour Officers, Personnel Officers and Union Leaders. Four research questions were raised and answered and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t- Test and Multiple regression.IDI data were content analysed. LI variables significantly correlated (R=.61) with DWA (F (5, 1032) = 148.03; p<0.05) and accounted for 36% variance in the dependent measure. Components of LI contributed to DWA as follows: LI visit ( = 0.42), labour law enforcement ( = 0.40), safety monitoring ( = 0.26), industrial relations ( = 0.21), dispute resolution ( = 0.19) and intelligence monitoring ( = 0.15). LI correlated with the components of DWA as follows: Employment issues (r = 0.45), Promotion of rights at work (r = 0.42), Social protection issues (r = 0.33) and Social dialogue (r = 0.24). Further, the mediatory functions of governmental and institutional factors significantly correlated (R=.710) with the impacts of LI on DWA (F (2, 1031) = 254.53; p< 0.05). Relatively, their effects were in the following order: Policy support ( = 0.42), Resources ( = 0.38), Political will ( = 0.06) and Institutional capacity ( = 0.03). No significant difference was observed between extractive and manufacturing industries on decent work agenda ( t = 0.23, df= 1031; p>0.05). The IDI result revealed poor labour inspection performance resulting in high decent work deficits in the examined industries. Labour inspection, supported by governmental and institutional factors remains a veritable tool for engendering DWA in extractive and manufacturing industries. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should give these factors priority attention to promote suitable working environment. Future studies could probe into why extractive industry is not more hazardous than manufacturing industry in Nigeria as revealed in this study.Item BROADCAST MEDIA ORGANISATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF COMMUNAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN OYO AND LAGOS STATES, NIGERIA(2011) OmoladeObukohwo SANNICommunal conflicts are on the increase in Nigeria with attendant negative consequences. The reportage of these conflicts brings about constraints in their management and sometimes aggravates the situation. This necessitates the interoperability of the broadcast media organisations in their reporting to enhance information sharing and consistency. Previous studies havefocused more on different strategies used in Communal Conflict Management (CCM), while few have considered the contributions of interoperability factors among the broadcast media in managing such conflicts. This study, therefore,determined Broadcast Media OrganisationalInteroperability Factors (BMOIF) as predictors of communal conflict management in Oyo and Lagos states, Nigeria. It also examined the effectiveness of the broadcast media. The study adopted survey design. Oyo and Lagos states were purposively selected because of the presence of federal, state and privately owned media organisations. Three radio and television stations were purposively selected from each of the two states. ‗Amuludun‘, Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS), and Splash FM radio stations, and Nigeria Television Authority (NTA), BCOS and Galaxy television stations in Oyo State; and Bond FM, Radio Lagos, Raypower FM radio stations and NTA Lagos, Lagos Television and Television Continental from Lagos State. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 303 broadcast journalists; 958 community representatives from four (two from each state) purposively selected high conflict-prone local government areas. Media Personnel and Audience CCM Checklists, BMOIF (r=0.97) andBroadcast Media Effectiveness (BME)(r=0.99)scales were used for data collection.These were complemented with 12 and eight sessions of In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion respectively with selected journalists and community representatives. Data were subjected to content analysis, descriptive statistics,Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressionat 0.05 level of significance. Usage of interoperable communication (r=.87), technology (r=.86) and training (r=.85) had positive significant correlation with CCM while governance and standard operating procedure did not. The BMOIF significantly predicted CCM (F(5, 297)=194.64,R=.88); accounting for 76.6% of its variance. Usage of interoperable communication (β=.49) and technology (β=.27) had relative significant contributions to CCM while governance, standard operating procedure and training had none. The BME indices had relative significant contributions to CCM as follows: programme timing (β=.71), programme content (β=-.58) and audience reach (β=.35) while language, news coverage area, frequency of programme and reception had none. About 62.0% of Lagos State respondents indicated Television Continental as the most effective broadcast station that disseminated programmes that promote CCM and 59.8% indicated Splash FM in Oyo State. The challenges affecting broadcast media interoperability were: incessant power failure ( =3.21), telecommunication network failure ( =3.17), inadequate funding ( =3.17), inadequate protection of journalists ( =3.09) and old communication equipment ( =3.05). Although there were perceived advantages of interoperability in terms of easy interpersonal communication, online streaming of news; yet there was inadequacy of training opportunities. Usage of interoperable communication and technology positively influenced the management of communal conflicts in Oyo and Lagos states. There is a need to improve their usage to enhance the use of broadcast media organisationsin communal conflict managementItem INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES AND OTHER RELATED OFFENCES COMMISSION’S ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGNS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE DISPOSITIONS AMONG FEMALE CIVIL SERVANTS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2015) OLASUNMBO SAVAGECorrupt practices among Female Civil Servants (FCS) seem to be increasing despite the establishment of Anti-Corruption and Transparency Units (ACTUs) by the Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offences Commission (ICPC).The practice is compromising Good Governance Dispositions (GGDs) among the FCS. Literature has shown the extent to which ACTUs have achieved its objectives successfully in other states but the extent of its impacts on the enhancement of GGDs in Oyo state civil service has not been documented. This study, therefore, examines the impact of ACTUs on GGDs among FCS in Oyo state, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 22 ministries and departments in the civil service of Oyo state. Stratified and proportional sampling techniques were used to select 1,176 FCS while 10 ICPC officials were also purposively selected. Five instruments were used, namely, Good Governance Inventory (r= 0.93), Female Civil Servants Work Dispositions Scale (r= 0.73), Female Civil Servants‟ Anti- Corruption Campaign Awareness Scale (r= 0.92), Service Providers/Anti - corruption Campaign Methodology Scale (r= 0.93) and ICPC‟s Anti-Corruption Campaign Inventory (r= 0.82). These were complemented with five sessions of Key Informants Interview with ICPC officials. Three research questions were answered and six hypotheses tested at P=0.05. Data were analysed using percentages, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analyses. The FCS‟s mean age was 39 ±10.03 while 58.0% and 42.0% had positive and negative good governance dispositions respectively. The ACTUs significantly predicted GGDs among the FCS in Oyo state ((6,1169) = 112.08, R= .60) and accounted for 36.0% of the variations in GGDs. The relative contributions of ACTUson the indices of GGDs were: respect for rule of law (β=.33), the practices of openness (β=.20), accountability (β=.13), social responsiveness (β= .12), integrity (β= -.09), and transparency (β=.05). Further, respect for rule of law (r=.53), openness in discharging responsibilities (r=.49), the practices of accountability (r=.45), social responsiveness to public need (r=.42), the practice of transparency (r=.40) and upholding of integrity (r=.36) had significant positive correlations with ACTUs.Whistle blowing (50.0%), pamphlets/hand-bills (40.3%), seminars/workshops (35.5%), posters (29.1%), radio jingles (20.0%) and bill-boards (10.0%) were ACTUs‟ information dissemination methods.The FCS perceived low adoption of interactive information dissemination method in enhancing their good governance dispositions. Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offences Commission‟s Anti-corruption campaignfairly contributed to good governance dispositions of female civil servants in Oyo state. Therefore, usage of radio-jingles, posters, and bill-boards should be more encouraged to improve the disposition of the FCS towards good governanceItem JOB-RELATED STRESSORS, EMPLOYEES’ PERSONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF JOB PERFORMANCE IN THE CIVIL SERVICE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2014) Liadi Olagoke, SALAMIThe civil service job performance profile revealed arrays of complacency and absenteeism. This problem has been attributed partially to a mismatch in job demands, work environment, and individual abilities and behavioural pattern. Previous studies have focused on each isolated effects rather than on the multivariate impacts of the combination of these predisposing factors. This study, therefore, examined the prediction of job-related stressors, employees’ personal and organisational factors on job performance in the civil service of Oyo State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The combination of proportional, purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques was used in selecting 1867 civil servants (342 cadre 13 and above, 657 cadre 7- 12 and 870 cadre 1- 6) based on the size of the 10 ministries, seven departments and five agencies used. Job- Related Stressors Questionnaire (r=0.80), Employees’ Personal Factors Scale (r=0.89), Organisational Factors Scale (r=0.84) and Civil Servants’ Performance Rating Scale (r=0.76) were used to collect information from the respondents. These were complemented with 18 sessions of Indepth Interviews with civil servants; three each across the three cadres in two ministries, departments and agencies respectively. Two research questions were answered and four hypotheses tested at 0.05 significance level. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product moment correlation, t-test, multiple regression and content analysis. Job-related stressors, employees’ personal and organisational factors had a positive significant prediction on civil service job performance in Oyo State (F(13, 1848)=83.376) and contributed 36.5% to its variance. Their relative contributions were: employees’ personal factors (β=0.11), organisational factors (β=0.09) and Job-related stressors (β=-0.04). However, job-related stressors correlated relatively with job performance as follows: workload (r=0.23), drive for greater effectiveness (r=0.23), workpace (r=0.19) and poor job skills (r=0.16). Also employees’ personal factors correlated relatively with job performance as ranked: coping skills (r=0.46), demographic characteristics (r=0.44), work-life conflict (r=0.39) and personality traits (r=0.37). While the relative correlation of organisational factors were: organisational structure (r=0.42), changes within the service (r=0.38), reward system (r=0.37) and organisational culture (r=0.25). There were significant differences in observed performance across departments (F(6, 1855)=2.136) and ministries (F(9, 1852)=2.129) sampled. The work environment was perceived not to be flexible enough to accommodate innovations and creativity. The coping skills, abilities, traits and characteristics of individual were not taken into cognizance in assigning responsibilities. Job-related stressors, employees’ personal and organisational factors positively predicted job performance of civil servants in Oyo State. Therefore, there is the need for greater considerations for the combinations of the three factors when job schedules are assigned to civil servants. There is also the need to ensure proper fits between individuals and their work environment in order to reduce the rate of work-life conflicts.Item COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES AS PREDICTORS OF PEACE-BUILDING IN COMMUNITIES OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION, NIGERIA(2013) MABEL OVIGUE OYITSOThe reported neglect of the region over the years and resultant agitations and communal unrest has led to destruction of lives and properties. Past efforts at resolving the crises have focused on the multinational activities and interventions, government interventions and youth empowerment programmes without considering the use of community based institutions and cultural practices. Yet these institutions and cultural practices have been found to be effective mechanism for conflict resolution. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which community- based institutions (traditional councils of chiefs, peace committees, age grade system, stakeholders‟ meetings and community development committees) and cultural practices (oath taking, taboo system, oracle consultation and festivals) predict peace-building in the Niger Delta Region. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Stratified proportional random sampling technique was used to select 1466 respondents (71 traditional rulers, 830 adult inhabitants, 410 youths, 90 nongovernmental organisation officials, 65 community development committee members (CDC)) from three local government areas in each of Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers States. Three instruments were used namely Community Based-Institutions and Peace-building questionnaire (r= 0.76), Cultural Practices and Peace-building questionnaire (r=0.84) and Communal Peace-building questionnaire (r=0.79). These were complemented with 13 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and three sessions of Key Informant Interview (KII) held with a chief, health officer and head of the joint security task force. Seven research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Multiple regression analysis, t- test and percentages were used for data analysis. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Community based institutions and cultural practices correlated positively with peace-building in the region(R= 0.832) and they jointly explained 69.1%, the variance in the dependent measure. The order of the relative contributions of the factors to peace-building is as follows: oath taking (β=.450), taboo system (β=.358), festival (β=.199), age grade system (β=.112), oracle consultation (β=.076), community development committee (β=.061), peace committee (β=.049), traditional council of chiefs (β=.048) and stakeholder‟s meeting (β=.043). All the nine factors predicted peace-building in the region: traditional council of chiefs (B=-.021; t= 2.403; p<.05), peace committee (B=-.027; t= 2.61 p< 0.05); taboo system (B=1.650, t= 14.176; p<.05), festival (B=.948; t=7.811; p<.05); oracle consultation B=.953; t= 5.216; p<.05), oath taking, (B=2.269 t=29.619; p<.05), age-grade system (B=-.055; t= 6.152; p<.05), stakeholders‟ meeting (B=- .01929; t=2.282; p<.05) and community development committee (B=-.314; t=3.279; p<.05). FGD and KII revealed that the use of community-based institutions and cultural practices would bring peace, unity and development to the region and the people believed that community based institutions are more effective in peace-building than government instituted structures. Also, cultural practices are means of bringing people together and help in curbing crisis in the communities. Community-based institutions enhanced peace-building more than cultural practices in the Niger Delta region. Therefore, all components of community based institutions and cultural practices should be strengthened through training of leaders of various groups on the rudiment of peace- building. It is also recommended that these group leaders be involved in the process of conflict management.Item PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND FAMILY INTEGRATION AS DETERMINANTS OF PALLIATIVE CARE OF TERMINALLY-ILL PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN NIGERIA(2015) Mercy Olufunmilayo SANDAOrthodox medical practice has brought about access to diagnosis and modern healthcare through the palliative care system to treat the terminally-ill, thereby improving their quality of life. This treatment of the terminally-ill utilises medical diagnostic interventions with little or no consideration for psychosocial supports and family integration which are at the core of the palliative care system. This study, therefore, investigated the psychosocial supports (diversional, behavioural, emotional, counselling services, companionship, spirituality, rehabilitative supports and regular visitation) and family integration (financial assistance, life-style modification and re- allocation of roles) as determinants of palliative care of terminally-ill patients at University College Hospital, (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design. The UCH was purposively selected. Proportionate and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select 587 respondents, namely, 183 health workers (50 doctors, 83 nurses, 24 physiotherapists and 26 social workers), 202 terminally-ill patients and 202 family caregivers from purposively selected eight wards and three out-patient clinics. Three instruments were used: Psychosocial Support Scale (r=0.67), Family Integration Scale (r=0.65) and Palliative Care Services Scale (r=0.71). These were complemented with ten sessions of in depth interview with the health workers, terminally-ill patients and family caregivers. Two research questions were answered and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analyses. The respondents were 218 male, and 369 female with age of 38.54, ±SD=9.78; with 202 terminally-ill patients; cancer (86), cardiac problems (42), neurological disorders (33), end stage kidney problems (22) and HIV/AIDS (19). Psychosocial supports and family integration significantly correlated with palliative care of the terminally-ill (F(12.189)= 25.25, R=.79); and jointly accounted for 62.0% of the variance in their palliative care. Psychosocial supports (β = .55) and family integration (β= .51) relatively contributed to the palliative care system. Components of psychological supports had significant positive relationship with palliative care as follows: emotional support (r=.69), diversional support (r=.54), behavioural support (r=.50) and counseling services (r=.45). Also, components of social supports had positive relationship with palliative care: regular visitation (r=.41), spirituality (r= .33), rehabilitative support (r= .308) and companionship (r= .066). Observed relationship among family integration factors and palliative care were: financial assistance (r=.65), life-style modification (r=.32) and reallocation of roles (r=.32). Problems facing the utilisation of palliative care system include: irregular training on palliative care for health workers (64.0%), problem of early diagnosis (62.0%), non- availability of pain control medication (58.2%) and non-affordability of treatment (23.0%). Patients expressed anxiety over the outcome of illness, difficulty in adaptation to life style modification and fear of death in the face of poor patient-health workers communication. Psychosocial support and family integration positively influenced palliative care system for the terminally-ill patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Therefore, adequate provision of funds, pain control medication and staff retraining are required to ensure effective treatment in palliative care. In addition, the terminally-ills and their family members should be appropriately counselled on the need for life-style modifications and role reallocation.Item MOBILISATION STRATEGIES AND PROJECT PARTNERSHIP AS PREDICTORS OF SUSTAINABLE SELF-HELP PROJECTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA(2012) ABIODUN OLUFEMI OLAWUNIResearch evidence shows there is a dire need for the involvement and participation of people in every stage of self- help project lifecycle to ensure sustainability. In order to achieve this, emphasis should be placed on effective mobilisation strategies. Though there is vast literature on citizen mobilisation and participation in community development, there is little emphasis on the effectiveness of the actual mobilisation strategies adopted and the extent to which the local community people partner with other stakeholders at each stage of self-help project lifecycle. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which mobilisation strategies (Development information network, community education, popular theatre and age grade) and project partnership (initiation, planning and designing, funding, execution, monitoring and evaluation) predict sustainability of self-help projects in Oyo, Ogun and Ondo states of Southwestern Nigeria. The survey research design of the ex-post facto type was adopted. One thousand, two hundred and seventeen respondents were selected using proportional stratified random sampling technique. These comprise Political / Opinion leaders, 326; Religious leaders, 241; Youth leaders, 270; Non-governmental organisation officials, 102; Community members, 152 and Change-agents, 126. Three instruments: Mobilisation Strategies Scale, r=0.84; Project’s Partnership Scale, r=0.78; and Self- help Project’s Sustainability Scale, r=0.82; were used. These were complemented with six sessions each of Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. Three research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Mobilisation strategies and project partnership significantly correlated, R=.402 with sustainability of self- help projects (F (5, 1211) = 29.957; p< 0.05) and with mobilisation strategies recording the highest contribution. They jointly accounted for 16% to the variance of the dependent measure. Relatively, mobilisation strategies contributed as follows: Development information network (β = .244); community education (β = .157); popular theatre (β = -.108); and age grade (β = .090). While project partnership factors ranked in the following order: project initiation (β =0.407; t=13.804 P<0.05); planning and designing (β=0.143; t=4.998; P<0.05); funding (β =-.290; t=-9.018; P<0.05); execution (β=-5.593E-02; t=-2.616; P<0.05); monitoring and evaluation (β=0.108; t=5.807; P<0.05). Further, the results revealed that mobilisation strategies were adopted for use as ranked: Development information network (β=25.13); Community education (β=23.29); Popular theatre (β =33.13); and Age grade (β=29.84). The Qualitative findings further showed that participants believed the usage of appropriate mobilisation strategy and maximum cooperation with development partners were essential ingredients for self- help project’s sustainability and that, project initiation was the joint effort of community developers; community people were empowered through acquisition of skills; effective provision of development information helped in sharing of ideas. Development information network, community education, popular theatre and age grade were effective mobilisation strategies for enhancing optimum citizen participation in all stages of projects’ life cycle. Therefore, developmental planners should give priority to elements of mobilisation strategies that could bring about full involvement and cooperation of the local community in every stage of projects in Southwestern Nigeria.Item TEAMWORK AND TRAINING VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS OF WORKERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA(2013) ANNE EMMANUEL, OMORIThere has been persistent poor performance among workers in public organisations in Cross River State of Nigeria over the years. The trend is exacerbated by lack of teamwork and unsystematic training programmes. Previous studies have focused more attention on staff performance appraisal, commitment and job involvement with less attention paid to the combined effects of teamwork (communication, team-spirit, recognition, collaboration) and training (training needs identification, plan, design, delivery, evaluation variables) on workers’ performance. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which teamwork and training variables predicted workers’ performance in public organisations in Cross River State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design of ex-post facto type was employed. Cluster sampling technique was adopted to divide the public service into Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 ministries, 10 departments and five agencies. These MDAs were stratified along three job cadres, namely: 221 junior, 574 senior and 273 managerial. A total of 1,068 respondents were randomly selected to represent the entire population of public servants in Cross River State. Participants were 584 males and 484 females. Teamwork Variables (r = 0.87), Workers’ Training variables (r = 0.78) and Workers’ Performance Rating (r = 0.86) scales were used for data collection. These were complemented with in-depth interview with selected 15 public service workers across the three cadres in MDAs. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance; while the qualitative data were content analysed. Workers’ performance was: managerial (44.90 ± 1.21), senior (44.23 ± 2.42) and junior (43.13 ± 2.22) cadres. Teamwork and training variables had a significant joint prediction of workers’ performance in public service (R2 = .070, F(9, 1068) = 8.794,) and accounted for 7% in its variance. There was a significant joint prediction of teamwork variables on workers’ performance (R2 = .037, F(4, 1068) = 10.306) and accounted for 3.7% in its variance. Training variables had a significant joint prediction of workers’ performance (R2 = .033, F(5, 1065) = 7.258) and accounted for 3.3% of its variance. Communication (β = -.099, t = -2.792), team-spirit (β = .058, t = 1.565), recognition (β = .104, t = 3.228) and collaboration (β = .134, t = 3.726) had relative contributions to workers’ performance. Training needs identification (r = .112), training design (r = .78), training plan (r = .019) and training evaluation (r = .045) had significant positive relationships with workers’ performance, while training delivery did not. Teamwork (communication, team-spirit, recognition, collaboration) and training (training needs identification, plan, design, delivery, evaluation) variables positively influenced workers’ performance in public organisations of Cross River State, Nigeria. Adequate consideration should be given to these variables so as to improve workers’ performance in public organisations. Attention should be given to employees’ personal characteristics in motivating them to higher performance level.Item SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION OF FEMALES IN PART-TIME NCE PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA(2013) Oluyemisi Bamidele SANNIThe scraping of the Teachers Grade II certificate programme places great responsibilities on Nigerian Colleges of Education (COEs) in providing manpower with the minimum entry qualification to enter into the teaching profession in the country. The increasing demands for the Nigeria Certificate of Education (NCE) have forced COEs to establish part-time programmes with flexible admission criteria. Despite this, there exists low participation of women in these programmes; a situation partly attributed to the dominance of socio-cultural and economic factors. Although, studies exist on students’ participation in part-time NCE programmes, none has specifically focused on how socio-cultural and economic factors determine female participation in the programme. This study, therefore, investigated socio-cultural and economic factors as determinants of participation of female students in part-time NCE programmes in South-Western Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The multi-stage random sampling procedure was used in selecting 1024 female NCE students in Cohorts 1 – 4 in the School of Education across four centres each from three selected COEs. Data were collected using Female Participation Questionnaire with five sub-scales: Social Factors Scale (r = 0.81), Cultural Factors Scale (r = 0.93), Economic Factors Scale (r = 0.74), Participation Scale (r = 0.69) and Females Academic Performance Scale (r = 0.86). This was complemented with 12 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with selected female part-time NCE learners. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and content analysis. Socio-cultural and economic factors significantly correlated with participation of female students in part-time NCE programmes (F (3, 1021) = 146.25, R2 = 0.50; p < 0.05); with relative contributions as ranked: economic factors (β = 0.52), social factors (β = 0.20) and cultural factors (β = 0.30). Social factors contributions in order of magnitude were parents encouragement (β = 0.89), parental level of education (β = 0.84), peers’ influence (β = 0.81), family background (β = 0.73), availability of female role models (β = 0.70), spouse level of education (β = 0.27), spouse’s encouragement (β = 0.11). Similarly, cultural factors’ contributions were: submissiveness to parental instructions (β = 0. 86), gender identity/labelling (β = 0.69), house responsibilities/chores (β = 0.20), spouse instructions (β = 0.14), practice of female seclusion (β = 0.10), early marriage (β = 0.09). Also, relative contributions of economic factors were: financial support (β = 0.51), parental occupation (β = 0.42), spouse occupation (β = 0.35) and cost of programme (β = 0.23). FGD revealed that marriage is the bane of their schooling. However, the motivating impetus for female participation in the programmes are the encouragement from parents, peers, role models and availability of financial supports. Parental background, encouragement, level of education, peers’ influence, availability of female role models, and availability of financial support were potent factors in enhancing participation of females in part-time Nigerian Certificate of Education programme. Therefore, there is the need for less culture-consciousness and spousal sensitization as well as reduction in cost of schooling to encourage participation of females in part-time Nigerian Certificate of Education programmes.Item INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AS DETERMINANTS OF CULTURAL RESURGENCE IN YORUBA SOCIETIES OF OYO AND OSUN STATES, NIGERIA(2013) SARAFA ADENIYI ALIMIIndigenous Communication System (ICS) has been identified as an indispensable cultural tool for strengthening ties between elders and youths that can lead to effective promotion and transition of cultural heritage from one generation to the other. Despite the relevancy of ICS into African cultural heritage, previous studies have consentrated more on the importance of modern communication system in Yoruba communities than the ICS. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of indigenous communication system (ideographics, proverbs, folk stories, ‘aroko’ system and folk music) on cultural resurgence in Yoruba communities of Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,204 respondents comprising: 671 males and 533 females from 12 purposively selected Yoruba indigenous communities in six towns in Oyo state (Aaje, Olugbode, Alapinni, Sakutu, Oje and Babasale) and Osun States (Lagere, Iremo, Okegada, Isale Oja, Isale Osun and Ailie). Two instruments were used: Indigenous Communication System Scale (r=0.79) and Cultural Resurgence Questionnaire (r=0.92). These were complemented with 12 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with adult inhabitants; one each in the 12 selected communities. Four research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were subjected to percentages, chi-square, Pearson Product Moment correlation and content analysis. Indigenous communication systems significantly influenced cultural resurgence in Yoruba communities ( 2 =628.00, P<0.05). They correlated with cultural resurgence as follows: folk music (r=0.04), folk stories (r=0.36), proverbs (r=0.28), ‘aroko’ system (r=0.22); while ideograph did not. This shows that cultural resulgency in Yoruba communities is more associated with folk music, folk stories, proverbs and ‘aroko’ system. Folk music (42.0%), folk stories (31.0%) and proverbs (27.0%) serve as the prominent outlets, vehicles and media of Yoruba thoughts, feelings, emotions and ideas which give expression to culture. Adoption and usage of ICS correlated with age (r=0.79) and nature of occupation (r=0.56). Indigenous Communication Systems were mostly common among older males. Despite its importance, ICS were deeply enshrined in coding, symbols, abstract forms, spiritualities, secret and hence the difficulties in their understanding, interpretations and sustainability. This led to the negative attitudes and apathy towards them particularly among emerging generations. Besides, there was evidence of neglects of communal living, spirit of brotherliness and family-ties. Folk music, folk stories, proverbs, and ‘aroko’ system forms of indigenous communication system positively enhanced cultural resurgence in Yoruba communities. However, in order to ensure better understanding, easy interpretation and effective sustainability of Yoruba culture, there is the need to simplify the decoding and interpretations of most of the indigenous communication systems. Yoruba folk music and stories should be encouraged and promoted more among the younger generation. Particularly its use and interpretions must be popularised through the modern media.