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Item A controlled study to investigate anti-diarrhoeal effect of the stem-bark fractions of Terminalia avicennioides in laboratory animal models(2017) Suleiman MM; Oyelowo BB; Abubakar A; Mamman M; Bello KDDue to the shortcomings associated with modern synthetic antidiarrhoeal drugs, it is important to find newer, safer and cheaper antidiarrhoeal agents from natural sources. The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-diarrhoeal activity of the fractions of the stem-bark of Terminalia avicennioides in laboratory animal models. The effect of different concentrations (1.0×10−3, 2.0×10−3, 4.0×10−3 and 8.0×10−3mg/mL) of the aqueous methanol (AMF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hexane (HXF) fractions of T. avicennioides were tested against spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum as well as on histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. Similarly, the effects of the AMF on gastro-intestinal transit time, castor oil-induced diarrhoea and castor oil-induced enteropooling were evaluated. The AMF, EAF and HXF at concentrations of 1.0×10−3, 2.0×10−3, 4.0×10−3 and 8.0×10−3mg/mL attenuated the contractile effects of both the spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum and that of histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. The AMF at doses of 200, 300 and 500mg/kg produced significant (p<0.05) reductions in gastrointestinal transit time of charcoal and incidence of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice relative to the untreated control. Similarly, at doses of 300 and 500mg/kg, AMF significantly (p<0.05) reduced the weight and volume of intestinal fluid in the treated mice when compared to the untreated animals. The results of this study showed that the stem-bark of T. avicennioides possesses spasmolytic effect and could be a potential antidiarrhoeal agent. However, detailed pharmacological trials are required to justify the clinical use of the plant for treating diarrhoea.Item A Descriptive Epidemiology of Cholera Outbreak in Katsina State, Nigeria, 2021(2022) Suleiiman SY; Idris AS; Suleiman K; Abubakar A; Ruma MT; Haladu S; Kaita IM; Ibrahim UBPurpose Cholera is a highly infectious enteric bacterial infection cause by Vibrio cholerae. It causes large outbreaks characterized by watery diarrhea and vomiting. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of the ongoing cholera outbreak in Katsina State, Nigeria Methods & Materials We analyzed the Katsina State cholera outbreak surveillance data collected from the State Primary Healthcare Agency. We described cholera cases in time, place, and person. We calculated age specific case fatality rates and attack rates. Results A total of 5796 cases were recorded with 182 deaths and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.1%. The median age for cases was 18 years (range: 0.17-95 years). Male cases were 2798 (50.5%). The attack rate was 66.2 per 100,000. Persons greater than 60 years had the highest age specific case fatality rate (ASCFR) of 6.9%. The outbreak started in Bakori in week 12 and is still ongoing. Thirty-three Local Government Areas were affected with Funtua having the highest attack rate of 460.4 per 100,000 and case fatality rate of 10.3%. Conclusion The cholera outbreak has caused a significant loss of lives in Katsina State. Persons above 60 years were the most affected. Katsina Primary Healthcare Agency deployed rapid response teams to investigate and control the spread of the outbreak. Risk communication messages emphasized on improvement of hygiene in the state. We recommend Katsina State government should prioritize provision of clean drinking water and sewage drainage system in the affected areas to control the outbreakItem A ten-year study of prostate cancer specimens at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (A.B.U.T.H), Zaria, Nigeria(2015) Oluwole OP; Rafindadi AH; Shehu MS; Samaila MOBackground In recent years attention has focused on malignant prostatic lesions due to the perceived high incidence of prostatic carcinoma in different geographical areas worldwide. Unfortunately, African American race/ethnicity is one of the three primary non-modifiable risk factors confirmed for prostate cancer. Objective To analyze the pattern of distribution of prostate cancer among men in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Patients and methods This is a 10-year retrospective histopathological analysis of all prostate cancer cases diagnosed between January 1991 and December 2000 in the Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (A.B.U.T.H), Zaria, Nigeria. Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stained histology slides were retrieved and studied. The patients’ bio-data were retrieved from the patient case files and departmental records. After histological assessment, the tumours were classified according to WHO recommendation. Histological grading and staging of adenocarcinoma was done using the Gleason Score. Results Between January 1991 and December 2000, a total of 151 cases of prostate cancer were seen, constituting 4.1% of all malignancies and 10.1% of male malignancies seen during this period. The diagnosis was based on histopathological analysis of specimens obtained from Trucut needle biopsies and open prostatectomies. The patients’ age ranged from 30 to 79 years with a mean age of 64.5 years. The peak age at diagnosis was in the seventh decade, while two relatively young patients were found to have prostate cancer at the age of 30 and 32, respectively. All the tumours were adenocarcinomas, 51.6% were poorly and 58.4% moderately differentiated. Conclusion Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Most of the patients presented late. The peak age at diagnosis in this review was the seventh decade and two patients aged 30 and 32 years were found to have prostate cancer.Item Age-dependent variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)(2021) Orakpoghenor O; Markus TP; Ogbuagu NE; Enam SJ; Oladele SB; Abdu PA; Esievo KAIn this study, the age-dependent variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of domestic pigeons were evaluated. Sixty apparently healthy domestic pigeons comprising 30 young (2–7 weeks of age) and 30 adult (>7 weeks of age) were sampled from local breeders. Blood was collected from each bird via brachial venipuncture and divided into 2 parts; one part dispensed into labeled tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was processed for haematological analyses. The other part was dispensed into labeled plain tubes, serum harvested and processed for serum biochemical analyses. Results revealed overall packed cells volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HGB) and red blood cells (RBC) of 42.97 ± 4.53%, 13.15 ± 1.82 g/dL and 3.63 ± 0.50 × 1012/L respectively. All haematological parameters except mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and lymphocyte count showed statistical (p < 0.05) differences between young and adult pigeons. Values recorded for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, serum/albumin ratio, urea, creatinine and urea/creatinine ratio were 4.32 ± 0.74 g/dL, 2.07 ± 0.30 g/dL, 2.25 ± 0.74 g/dL, 1.04 ± 0.43, 0.48 ± 0.33 mg/dL, 0.75 ± 0.52 mg/dL and 0.73 ± 0.51 respectively. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in adult (0.62 ± 0.40; 1.04 ± 0.60 mg/dL) compared to young (0.34 ± 0.13; 0.47 ± 0.15 mg/dL) pigeons. This study therefore demonstrated age-dependent variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of domestic pigeons.Item An epidemiological study of 270 cases of carcinomas of the head and neck region in a Nigerian tertiary health care facility(2017) Fomete B; Agbara R; Adebayo ET; Osunde OD; Adeola DSIntroduction Oral cancer is the sixth most frequently occurring malignant tumor and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality with high metastatic and invasive tendency. The incidence of oral cancer differs widely in various parts of the world with a range of 2–10 per 100,000 populations per year, approximately 300,000 new cases. Incidence and mortality as a result of oral cancer are higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. This is the reason for the occurrence of the peak age in later decades of life. Patients and methods All consecutive cases of histologically diagnosed cases of orofacial carcinomas seen at the Maxillofacial Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria over a 10 year period were retrospectively analyzed. Results Over the study period, a total of 1116 cases of maxillofacial conditions were seen in the unit out of which 270 represented orofacial cancers, giving a prevalence of 24.19%. Of the 270 cases, male accounted for 159(58.9%) while females were 111(41.1%) giving a male to female ratio of 1.43:1. The age ranged from 5 to 90 years, mean (SD), 48.4(16.12) years and patients in the 4th to 6th decades (47.7%) were mostly affected. There was no gender difference in terms of distribution of the tumors according to age. Conclusion Squamous cell carcinoma of the orofacial region has continued to pose great challenges to care givers and practitioners involved in their management.Item An update on oestrus synchronisation of goats in Nigeria(2016) Omontese BO; Rekwot PI; Ate IU; Ayo JO; Kawu MU; Rwuaan JS; Nwannenna AI; Mustapha RA; Bello AAThis review is aimed at providing information on current status of oestrus synchronization as a management tool in goats in Nigeria. Oestrus synchronisation is a reproductive tool that enables goat farmers breed their animals within a short pre-determined period. The principle of oestrus synchronisation is chiefly the control of the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and two basic mechanisms are employed. These include the use of prostaglandins or its analogues to shorten luteal life/induce premature luteolysis or the use of exogenous progesterone to prolong luteal life, thereby simulating the activity of natural progesterone produced by the corpus luteum. The latter is advantageous where the reproductive status of the flock is unknown. However, the former is easy to apply and only effective in cycling animals. Pharmaceutical products that have been employed in ES protocols in Nigeria include Lutalyse®, Estrumate®, EstroPLAN®, Fluorogestone acetate®, Sil-Oestrus®, Medroxyl-progesterone acetate®, Synchromate-B®, PMSG®, and more recently, the Controlled Internal Drug Release® (CIDR) devices. Over the last three decades, many attempts have been made at assessing the response of goats to various oestrus synchronisation agents and protocols in Nigeria. However, the low availability of these pharmaceutical agents and cost preclude the widespread use of oestrus synchronisation technique in goat production. The inclusion of gonadotrophins in oestrus synchronisation protocols have been reported to improve oestrus responses in goats, while season has been reported to influence the efficiency of oestrus synchronisation programmes. Increasing the dose levels of exogenous hormones in oestrus synchronisation protocols has caused variable and sometimes inconsistent effects. The effects of combining the male stimulus with exogenous hormones, seasonal variation, extra-label use of products and short-term nutritional manipulation on oestrus responses in goats require further evaluation. It is concluded adoption of oestrus synchronisation practice portends enhanced goat production in Nigeria.Item Analysis of Nigeria Research Reactor-1 Thermal Power Calibration Methods(2016) Agbo SA; Ahmed YA; Ewa IO; Jibrin YThis paper analyzes the accuracy of the methods used in calibrating the thermal power of Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), a low-power miniature neutron source reactor located at the Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The calibration was performed at three different power levels: low power (3.6 kW), half power (15 kW), and full power (30 kW). Two methods were used in the calibration, namely, slope and heat balance methods. The thermal power obtained by the heat balance method at low power, half power, and full power was 3.7 ± 0.2 kW, 15.2 ± 1.2 kW, and 30.7 ± 2.5 kW, respectively. The thermal power obtained by the slope method at half power and full power was 15.8 ± 0.7 kW and 30.2 ± 1.5 kW, respectively. It was observed that the slope method is more accurate with deviations of 4% and 5% for calibrations at half and full power, respectively, although the linear fit (slope method) on average temperature-rising rates during the thermal power calibration procedure at low power (3.6 kW) is not fitting. As such, the slope method of power calibration is not suitable at lower power for NIRR-1.Item Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever virus in some wildlife and domestic animals in Bauchi state, Nigeria(2020) Atuman Y; Kudi C; Abdu PA; Abubakar A; Okubanjo OItem Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium tubers in murine model of pain: Possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels(2020) Abubakar A; Nazifi AB; Odoma S; Shehu S; Danjuma NMThe tubers of Chlorophytum alismifolium are used in Nigerian Herbal Medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus, painful and inflammatory conditions. The antinociceptive activity has been validated but the mechanism of this activity is yet to be explored. This study therefore, aimed to investigate the probable mechanism(s) of the antinociceptive activity of C. alismifolium tubers using experimental animal model of pain. HPLC and GC-MS analyses were carried out on the extract. Antinociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing response test in mice. Three groups of mice were orally administered distilled water (10 ml/kg), C. alismifolium (400 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) 60 min before administration of acetic acid and the resulting writhing were counted for 10 min. To establish the probable mechanism(s) of action of C. alismifolium, separate groups of animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with naloxone (2 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) 15 min before C. alismifolium administration. HPLC chromatogram of the extract revealed seventeen characteristic peaks with retention times ranging between 2.1 and 7.4 min. Administration of C. alismifolium significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the mean number of writhes compared to control group. Pretreatment with yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) reduced the antinociceptive activity of extract-alone treated group. However, pretreatment with prazosin, naloxone and propranolol showed no effect on its analgesic activity. The findings from this research revealed the possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels in the antinociceptive activity of Chlorophytum alismifolium tuber extract.Item Antitrypanosomal properties of Anogeissus leiocarpa extracts and their inhibitory effect on trypanosome alternative oxidase(2022) Tauheed AM; Mamman M; Ahmed A; Suleiman MM; Balogun EOBackground African trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease with huge socio-economic burden to sub-Saharan African exceeding US$4.6 annual loss. To mitigate the incidence of trypanosomal drug resistance, efforts are geared towards discovery of molecules, especially from natural products, with potential to inhibit important molecular target (trypanosome alternative oxidase, TAO) in trypanosomes that are critical to their survival. Method Crude methanol extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa was subjected to in vitro bioassay-guided antitrypanosomal assay to identify the most active extract with trypanocidal activity. The most active extract was run on a column chromatography yielding five fractions, F1-F5. The fractions were assayed for inhibitory effect on TAO. The most promising TAO inhibitor was subjected to antitrypanosomal evaluation by trypanosome count, drug incubation infectivity test (DIIT) and in vivo studies. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and quantify phytochemical constituents of the potential TAO-inhibiting fraction. Results Ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) significantly (p<0.05) produced trypanocidal effect and was the most active extract. Of the five fractions, only F4 significantly (p<0.05) inhibited TAO compared to the control. F4 completely immobilised the trypanosomes up to 0.5 µg/µl, yielding an EC50 of 0.024 µg/µl compared to the 0.502 µg/µl of diminazene aceturate positive control group. The DIIT showed that F4 was significantly (p<0.05) potent up to 0.1 µg/µl. F4 significantly (p<0.05) suppressed parasite multiplication in systemic circulation of the treated rats and significantly (p<0.05) maintained high PCV when compared to the 5% DMSO group. Furthermore, F4 significantly (p<0.05) lowered serum concentrations of malondialdehyde. Phytoconstituents identified by the GC-MS include tetradecene; cetene; 3-(benzylthio) acrylic acid, methyl ester; 1-octadecene; 9-heptadecanone; hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; dibutyl phthalate; eicosene; octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; oleic acid; 2-methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol; 1-docosene; 3-phenylthiane, s-oxide; phenol, 3-methyl; phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester. Conclusion F4 from EtOAc contains six carbohydrates (9.58%), two free fatty acids (6.48%), five fatty acid esters (27.73%), two aromatic compounds (50.63%) and one organosulphide (5.61%). It inhibited TAO and demonstrated antitrypanosomal effects.Item ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNAL CONFLICT AS BANE TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN IHIMA COMMUNITY, KOGI STATE(2020) Abubakar Onumoh YUSUFThe study assessed communal conflict as bane to socio-economic development in Ihima community, Kogi State. Needless to say, the ugly hand of the conflict caused by competition for resources; ethnic loyalty; drive for authority etc. hashampered socio-economic activities in the community. The study therefore assessed communal conflict as bane to tourism, patronage on clay pot production and sale as well as to social activities. The study made use of focus group discussions, interviews, andobservations to obtain primary data necessary for the study. Secondary data was derived from Ihima Peace Committee Report, Community Development record on socio-economic development of Ihima Community, Kogi State Judicial Commission report, YearBook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics among others. The data for the study was analyzed using thematic analysis.The Marxist theory of conflict was used as theoretical framework to lend credence to the study. The major argument of the theory was that people’s behaviour are primarily a reflection of cultural background which affects the social and economic activities. The study has revealed that communal conflicts in Ihima community led to reduction of tourist activities; a crucial dimension of this study also revealed that production level in clay pot industry reduced significantly and lastly, the study also found that the Emani-Ohunwa conflict in Ihima community negatively affected social activities (sporting and cultural festivals) that used to be unifying factors in the community. The study therefore, recommends among others the need to ensure high level consultation before holding any meetings; the need for conflict resolution practices to be undertaken not only on clan’s levels, but also at a higher level among others.Item ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT OF ASUU INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT ON ACADEMIC INFRASTRUCTURE IN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA (2007-2017)(2021) Fausat Fadeke SALAMIThe need for academic infrastructure has been issues of public concern with the emergence of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU). For more than thirty years in the history of Nigerian University system, ASUU have persistently drawn the attention of the Nigerian government to the challenge of academic infrastructures faced by the universities through industrial conflicts, negotiations and strikes. To overcome this challenge, ASUU entered a comprehensive agreement with the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) in 1992 and another in 2009 which included the provision of standard educational facilities in the universities among others. In spite of this effort, the non implementation of the agreement by the FGN over the years has resulted in the employment of strikes by ASUU when bargaining and consultation failed to yield desired result. The objectives of this study are to : assess the extent to which ASUU industrial conflict has affected classroom/ lecture theatre, ICT/ library, and laboratory/workshop/studio facilities in ABU, Zaria, for the period 2007-2017, with a view to ascertain whether ASUU industrial conflict has improve the provision of academic infrastructure in ABU, Zaria. This study adopted survey research design. The target population for this study is the academic and management staff of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Taro Yamane (1967) formula for deriving sample size was used to arrive at the appropriate sample size of 376 respondents. The data collected for this study were analysed using the combination of inferential and -descriptive statistics techniques. Simple linear regression was used to test and interpret the hypotheses with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS 20.0) and also for data coding, data screening and other preliminary analysis. University management staff and some ASUU officials were interviewed through unstructured interview. The findings from the study revealed that ASUU industrial conflict has significantly contributed to the expansion, construction and renovation of lecture theatres, laboratories as well as ICT/library facilities which contribute directly to the teaching and learning process. The hypotheses tested indicated that a significant relationship existed (0.000) between ASUU industrial conflict and classroom/ lecture theatre in ABU, Zaria. The relationship between ASUU industrial conflict and ICT /library was positively insignificant (0.119). The relationship between ASUU industrial conflict and laboratory/workshop/studio facilities was positively significant (0.000) This study recommends that the Federal Government of Nigeria should endeavour to implement the 2009 agreement reached with ASUU. This would help to revitalise the University system. The study concludes that there is obvious deficit in academic infrastructural needs of ABU, Zaria which is undermining effective teaching and learning prior to Presidential intervention. Consequently, ASUU effort to pressurising for presidential intervention on academic infrastructural development of the Nigerian university system is imperative.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL (NAFDAC) IN THE CONTROL OF FAKE DRUGS IN KADUNA STATE(2019) Kenneth Zheihnom KURASONThe proliferation of drugs as a global cancer, has eaten deep into the healthof the general public. It is the greatest evil of our time and the highest weapon of terrorism against public health, as well as an act of economic sabotagethat has led to organ dysfunction, disabilities, worsening of disease condition, loss of public confidence in public health and led to the death of many in the globe and Nigeria is not an exception.Most of these drugs are brought into the state and not necessarily produced within Kaduna State threatening the health of the people in the state. It is for this reason that the Federal Government of Nigeria established NAFDACwith the goal of eliminating counterfeit pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages products ensuring that available medications are safe and effective. This necessitated the need to assess the activities of NAFDAC in the control of fake drugs in Kaduna State.The specific objectives of the study are to determine the effect of the contribution of inspection of imported regulated products by NAFDAC on the control of fake drugs in Kaduna State; to examine the contribution of registration of drugs by NAFDAC on the control of fake drugs in Kaduna Stateamongst others. The study adopted “Fishbein Model and Social Control Theory by Travis Hirschi‟‟ as theoretical framework to underpin the study. The study adopted a survey design where data collected from structured questionnaires and interview were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The total population of the study is 1, 664 with 313 as sample size. The study adopted purposive and simple stratified sampling technique for the study. The chi-square cross-tabulation test was used in testing hypotheses of the study using SSPS version 20.However, relevant documents that contain secondary data for the study are the NAFDAC‟s Act, NAFDAC‟s Score Cards, and NAFDAC‟s Campaigns, amongst others. The findings of the study shows that some of the factors affecting the inspection of drugs in Kaduna State ranges from shortage of personnel or inspectors to monitor drug activities in Kaduna State due to large coverage size, shortage of scan machines to enable personnel detect fake drugs easily to even chaotic drug market in the state. Hence, the study recommends that the government should be willing to recruit new hands who are specialist in their various fields of endeavor having the technical-know-how to help NAFDAC in the execution of her activities and to ensure adequate coverage of the state in other to carry out routine checks, etc. Furthermore, the government should continue to empower NAFDAC to strengthen her efforts in the control of fake drugs in the state by acquiring modern machines to upgrade the central laboratory and promote manpower training and development. These, will go a long way to discouraging counterfeiters or fakers of drugs and reducing the quantum of existing fake drugs in the state.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION, AND FUNDING ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA.(2019) Lawal BABA SHANIThis study was undertaken toassess the Effect of Democratic Participation, and Funding on Service Delivery in Selected Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. After a prolonged spell of military administration, Nigeria is at last back to a democracy. An ideal democracy is one that recognizes and encourages democratic participation and funding in order to make the government more responsive to the needs of the people. Yet, there seems to be a wide gap between democratic participation of the people, and funding for the development of basic education, primary health care, water supply, and sanitation in Daura, Bindawa, Malumfashi, Kafur, Dutsin-ma, and Safana Local Government Areas of Katsina state. The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of democratic participation, and funding for service delivery. The specific objectives are to determine the effect of democratic participation, and funding on the development of basic education, primary health care, water supply, and sanitation in the selected Local Government Areas of Katsina State. Democratic participation, Efficiency Services schools of thought, and the Public Value Theory were employed as theoretical frameworks for the study. Survey research design was used, the six selected Local Government Areas formed the population of the study, and using Yamane formula, a sample size of 1,111 was arrived at. Simple random and Purposive sampling techniques were employed in the selection of respondents. Both primary and secondary sources of data were explored. Primary data were collected using five sets of questionnaires administered to Local Government functionaries, staff of Basic Education Unit, staff of Primary Healthcare Unit, staff of Social Development Unit, and the general public. Semi- structured interview with the aid of a checklist was conducted with some members of Parents Teachers Associations (PTA), members of National Union of Teachers (NUT), members of Medical and Health Workers Union (MAHWU), executives of political parties, and Community Based Associations. Systematic observation was made of primary and junior secondary schools, primary healthcare facilities, public water supply points, and refuse dump sites. Secondary data were sourced from records from Katsina state Ministry of Finance, Education, and Health, and from Departments of Education and Social Development, Primary Health care, Water Supply and Sanitation, and Treasury, of the six Local Governments’ Secretariats. Data were presented in tabular form, analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0), and Kendall’s tau-b Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses postulated for the study. The study found that there is moderate degree of democratic participation by the people in the study areas, yet there is no active participation of the people in decision making at Local Government level, and development of basic education, primary health care, water supply, and sanitation was not as a result of democratic participation. The study found that there is adequate funding for basic education in all the study areas, inadequate funding for primary health care in all the study areas except Daura Local Government, inadequate funding for water supply and sanitation in the study areas. As such the study concluded that, on aggregate, development of basic education, primary health care, water supply, and sanitation in the study areas was not influenced by the people’s democratic participation, nor was it due to adequacy of funding.Governments use the mass media of communication to sensitize people on important policy issues such as security matters, support for polio immunization etc, political parties and politicians do the same to peddle their parties and candidacy respectively. Thus, it is recommended that these same stakeholders use the same channels to educate their people politically, sensitize them socially, and inform them adequately and timely, and include them in problem identification, planning, budgeting, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation so as to harmonize their democratic participation, and service delivery at Local Government level. The source of authority for all tiers of government in Nigeria is the Federal Republic of Nigeria Constitution. In view of the fact that efficient service delivery requires adequate funding, it is recommended that the Constitution be amended to compel Local Governments and other tiers of government to make a mandatory and fixed allocation, to be reviewed periodically, forthe development of basic education, primary health care, provision of water supply, and sanitation.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF ACADEMIC STAFF OF KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY, KADUNA(2021) AISHAT OYIZA YUSUFThe functions of the University system in any society aside teaching is development of new knowledge, research and community services. These cannot be accomplished without proper human resource development. Building solid academic staff programmes influence the realization of the university mission statement. However, human resource development refers to employee development programmes put in place to improve value of employee after joining the organization. It includes education, training and development, which involves giving employee experience to improve learning geared towards proper preparation for job performance. In spite of the importance of development of human resource,academic staff of Nigerian universities especially Kaduna State University(KASU) are not adequately productive due to inadequate staff development which also reflects on the quality of graduates turned out of this university who can hardly write memo or communicate effectively and meaningfully. The objectives of this study were to; determine the effect of academic staff development on quality of graduates of KASU; examine the effect of academic staff development on quality of research in KASU and to ascertain the effect of academic staff development on provision of community services in KASU. literature on the concepts of human resource development, academic staff development, and staff performance were reviewed and the Human Capital Theory by Gray Becker, 1964 was adopted as the theoretical framework for this study. The study adopted survey research design, primary data was collected using questionnaire and simple linear regression analysis was used to test hypotheses. The hypotheses tested indicated; academic staff development has a positive significant (.664) effect on quality of graduates in KASU, academic staff development has positive significant (.733) effect on quality of research in KASU and lastly, academic staff development has a positive significant (.616) effect on community services. The study concluded that academic staff development, improves the performance of academic staff in terms of quality of graduates, quality of research output and community services. Hence, it was recommended that universities especially KASU should ensure regular conduct of academic staff development programmes for capacity building of lecturers for improved teaching and learning in universities.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON STUDENTS’ ADMINISTRATION IN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA(2021) Halima IBRAHIMThis study investigated the effect of Information and communication Technology (ICT) on Student Administrationin Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The major objective of the study was to assess the effect of ICT on student administration Affairs from the period of 2007 – 2018 with emphasis on student registration, student accommodation and library services. The survey research design was adopted in the study. The primary source of data was used as the instrument of data collection through the use of questionnaire and interview. A total number of 437 questionnaires were administered as the sampling size of the study. The data was presented and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study are as follows: First, there is a positive and significant relationship between ICT and Student Registration in A.B.U. Zaria. Second, there is a positive and significant relationship between ICT and student Accommodation in A.B.U. Zaria, and third there is positive and significant relationship between ICT and Library services in A.B.U. Zaria. The study concluded that A.B.U Zaria has succeeded in establishing ICT infrastructural facilities to ease student administration. Based on the above findings, ICT in ABU Zaria indicate the clear integration of student registration, accommodation and library services. All these service are now rendered to student using one virtual counter. It is crystal clears that the use of ICT on student administration is an antidote that has eliminated the bottle neck such as long queue and procedural complexity during registration and reservation of hostel accommodation bed space and so on. Notwithstanding, the study recommends that A.B.U. Zaria still need to do more to enhance its ICT infrastructural facilities. The management of A.B.U. Zaria should improve the existing ICT infrastructural facilities for viable, efficient and effective student administration in areas such as; course registration, reservation of hostel bed space accommodation, library services, etc.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION ON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BAUCHI AND GANJUWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF BAUCHI STATE(2021) Amanda, PAULThis research work is AnAssessment of the Effect of Universal Basic Education on the Educational Development of Bauchi and Ganjuwa Local Government Areas of Bauchi State this becomes necessary because Education is the solid bedrock upon which every form of development: social, political, religious and economic is anchored. This further explains why it is perceived as a veritable tool and as well catalyst for national development. Universal Basic Education which is supposed to be free, compulsory andaccessible has remained unachievable and still faces the challenges of low students enrolment rates, high prevalence of school dropout and an acute shortage in the provision of infrastructural facilities necessarily needed to facilitate learning and teaching processes within the school environment eighteen years after its formal inauguration.Therefore, thestudy is concerned about establishing relationship between increase in enrolment, retention and completion rates and the provision of infrastructural facilities with educational development in order to know whether the sector is developing over time.ThreeHypotheses were postulated to that effect. Survey method was adopted for data collection. The total number of sampled respondents stood at 394 drawn from the selected local government areas. Multiple regression statistical analysis model was employed to determine the significant effect of the variables on educational development of the areas. The finding of the research revealed that, pupil‘s enrolment in school affect educational development significantly though not sufficient enough to cause it but implies that any increase in pupil‘s enrolment will have multiplier effect on educational development. It also revealed that, pupil/students retention and completion in schools had the most significant share of the effect on educational development. Infrastructural facilities were non-available, dilapidated or grossly inadequate for use. The study therefore recommended that school feeding programme should not be discontinued in order to boost enrolment and retention and UBE should ensure adequate provision of infrastructural facilities.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF WARD DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ON GRASSROOTS DEVELOPMENT IN KONTAGORA AND MAGAMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS, NIGER STATE(2021) Ibrahim, HAYATUThe study examined the extent to which Ward Development Projects impacted on grassroots development in the two areas under study. The study made use of interviews, observations, questionnaire and official documents of government relating to the ward development policy to obtain primary data necessary for the study. Secondary data were derived from text books, annual reports, journals, and newspapers, published and unpublished articles. Evaluation Theory of Edward Suchman was used as a theoretical framework to provide us with the baseline discussion for the theme of the study. As a result of the study, we found out that ward development projects recorded very little success in the area of enhancing community participation especially as a result of inadequate representation of the wards and absence of democratic principle in the process of constituting ward development projects committee members though significantly improved the provision of infrastructural facilities such as feeder roads, dispensaries, primary education facilities, water supply and electricity. It further revealed that the policy was not able to sustain local development projects especially as a result of failure to incorporate community members at the planning stage as well as lacked of self-sustain structures within the communities. We recommended that Ward Development Projects Committee members should be increased to commensurate with the number of polling units in each ward and that people should be given free hands to choose the Ward Committee members of their choices. Furthermore, Niger state government should continue with the ward development projects policy and that members of the community should be incorporated in planning along with the creation of self-sustain structure for the maintenance of local development projects.Item ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN KANO ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANY 2013-2018(2021) ABUBAKAR Tafida JibrilHuman resources management practices are the cradle of achieving efficiency, productivity and improved employee performance in every organization. Organizations that have effective human resources management practice, hire the right people, train them well, create an internal organization that allow them to fully express their potential and reward them appropriately by putting the right incentive in place. This study is “Assessment of the Effect of Human Resources Management Practice on employee performance in Kano Electricity Distribution Company from 2013-2018.” The main objective was to assess the Effect of Human Resources Management Practice of recruitment, compensation and training reforms on Employee performance in Kano Electricity Distribution Company. The data for the study was generated from both primary and secondary sources. The instrument used in the Primary sources was the administration of questionnaire and interview. 331 questionnaires were administered to 331 respondents and 288 were retrieved. Interview was conducted on 20 management staff of KEDCO Headquarter, Kano, Katsina and Jigawa regional offices. The alternates sources of data include, textbooks, journals, Gazettes, circulars, unpublished papers and dissertation. Multistage sampling technique was used in dividing the population of the study while simple random sampling is used in selecting sample size. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing and presenting the data obtained in the studies. Multiple regressions was used in testing the hypothesis. The study discovered that Human Resources Management Practice of recruitment, compensation and training has a positive and significant effect on employee performance in Kano Electricity Distribution Company. It also found that compensation packages in KEDCO have helped in boosting the morale and performance of Employees. The study also recommends among others, that deliberate and concerted efforts should be made to ensure that salary earning is stable and as at when due. This will help to retain employee and boost their morale to enhance organizational Performance in general, the management should ensure that needs assessment criteria are judiciously applied in selecting employees for training.Item Awareness, Perception and Preferences of Mothers towards Mobile Phone Reminders for Routine Childhood Immunization Appointments in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika,Zaria,Nigeria(2018) Onoja-Alexander M; Isa AS; Lawal B; Olorukooba A; Gobir A; Nwankwo B; Onoja A; Umar A