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Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia gilletii, modulates crystal binding genes (CD44/OPN) in Ethane-1,2-diol-induced nephrolithic rats
(2021) Olayeriju OS; Elekofehinti OO; Olaleye MT; Akindahunsi AA
Background Moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) a member of the Menispermaceae family, has been previously investigated and reported in our laboratory to exhibit antilithiatic potentials against ethane-1,2-diol induced nephrolithiasis. However, the mechanism underlying its action is not clear. Purpose Mechanism of action of aqueous methanolic leaf extact of Triclisia gilletii (TGAMLE 100 mg/kg) in comparison with compounds identified in TGAMLE (Quercetin (20 mg/kg), oleanolic acid (10 mg/kg), stigmasterol (20 mg/kg), and sitosterol (20 mg/kg)) was investigated against ethane-1,2-diol administered rats. Methods The mRNA expression of antioxidant marker genes (nuclear factor erythroid- 2 – related factor- 2 (NRF2) and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)) and crystal binding genes (CD44 and osteopontin (OPN)) were assessed using RT-PCR. Results Ethane-1,2-diol administration down-regulated antioxidant marker genes (NRF2 and HO-1) and up-regulated mRNA expression of CD44 with no significant difference in OPN when compared with control. TGAMLE and its derived compounds significantly activated the NRF2/HO-1 pathway by up-regulating its expression and modify crystal binding molecules (CD44/OPN). Overall, the additive effects of the compounds present in the extract revealed a better efficacy in attenuating NRF2/HO-1 pathway as well as the expression of crystal binding molecules. Conclusion The present study concludes the nephro-protective effect and underlying mechanism of TGAMLE against ethane-1,2-diol exposed rats and suggests that TGAMLE or compounds in TGAMLE could be an alternative agent against kidney stones.
Adoption of improved technologies and profitability of the catfish processors in Ondo State, Nigeria: A Cragg's double-hurdle model approach
(2020) Adewale Isaac O; Ibidun Comfort A; Amos Igbekele A; Taiwo Timothy A
The study examined the adoption of improved technologies and profitability of fish processors in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling procedure was used to select 108 respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, budgetary technique, and double-hurdle regression were used for the analysis of data collected. The study revealed that 37.96% of the respondents adopt (adopters) the improved technologies, while many (62.04%) of the respondents did not adopt (non-adopters). This implied that many of them still depend on the traditional methods of processing fish. The results of the budgetary analysis revealed that fish processing is a viable and profitable enterprise that is capable to yield at least 30kobo gain for every one naira expended. Despite the profitability of the business, adopters accrued more profits than the non-adopters and they minimize costs by 7%. The results of the double-hurdle model showed that profit, education, household size, experience, perceived fish price, extension services, and perceived cost of equipment were the main factors that influence the decision to adopt and the rate of adopting improved fish processing technologies in the area. Therefore, any policy that will increase the profitability of the fish processing business should be encouraged by the government so that the processors would be willing to adopt and also intensify the rate of adopting improved technologies in the area.
An Automated Cassava Peeling System for the Enhancement of Food Security in Nigeria
(2012) Jimoh MO; Olukunle OJ
ABSTRACT Cassava is second only to sweet potato as the most important starchy root crop of the tropical world. In most parts of the tropics, cassava is grown on small plots. However, in some countries, e.g. Mexico, Brazil and Nigeria, large plantations have been started and interest in mechanization is growing. The degree of mechanization depends on the size of the land and availability of machines for each unit operation involved in cassava processing. However, of all the unit operations involved in cassava processing, cassava peeling remains a serious global challenge to process engineers. An automated cassava peeling machine was thus developed in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure. The design of the machine was based on the development and modification of the peeling tool of previous cassava peeling machines and the peeling principle is by impact. This machine was evaluated using newly harvested improved variety of cassava tuber (TMS 30572) grouped into different sizes: 100≤L<140, 140≤L<180, 180≤L<220, 220≤L<260, and 260≤L<300. The speed of the machine varies from 100 – 600rpm while machine operational parameters such as throughput capacity, peeling efficiency, mechanical damage, quality performance efficiency and peel retention were determined for each size. Results revealed that throughput capacity ranged from 76 – 442kg/h, peeling efficiency ranged from 50 – 75%, mechanical damage ranged from 12 – 44%, quality performance efficiency ranged from 22 – 66%, and peel retention ranged from 7.2 – 33%. These results show appreciable improvement over manual method and existing machines.
Antibiotic sensitivity assay of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from selected areas in some primary health centres in Akure Metropolis
(2016) Omoya FO
Antimicrobial sensitivity, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and plasmid profile by microorganisms from Otitis media patients in Owo and Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
(2018) Onifade AK; Afolayan CO; Afolami OI
Microbiological analyses were carried out on clinical samples from Otitis media patients attending two government hospitals in Akure and Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Bacteria isolates such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and fungal isolates such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans were identified from the analyzed samples. All the bacteria isolates were screened for beta lactamase production of which varying percentages of the characterized isolates were positive for beta-lactamase production such as E. coli (12.1%), K. pneumoniae (16.7%), P. mirabilis (8.2%), P. aeruginosa (28.8%), S. aureus (11.1%), Strep. pneumoniae (13.3%), S. epidermidis (7.1%) and Strep. pyogenes (10.7%), respectively. The results obtained from antibiotic sensitivity revealed the presence of multiple antibiotic resistant isolates (MDRIs) present among the bacteria isolates obtained and that Nitrofurantoin and Ofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against the bacteria isolates tested. The Multiple Drug Resistant Isolates were subjected to plasmid profile analysis and they were cured of their resistant factor plasmids; they were subjected to post-plasmid curing antibiotic resistant assay where it was discovered that their initial antibiotic resistance was plasmid-mediated. Furthermore, the antifungal sensitivity test of fungal isolates revealed that Fluconazole and Clotrimazole were the most effective antifungal agents against the fungal isolates obtained from the samples analyzed.
Antioxidant activity and blood glucose reduction potential of Malabar Chestnut in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
(2022) Akinyede AI; Fehintola AB; Oluwajuyitan TD
Ability of plants to prevent degenerative diseases is based on the biological activities of their bioactive components. Bioactive components are more biologically available for the body to utilize when the plant undergo processing which aid their potential in treatment and management of several chronic diseases like diabetes. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of processing (cooking and roasting) on antioxidant activity and blood glucose reduction potential of Malabar Chestnut Seeds (MCSs) in Streptozotocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Rats. Fresh MCSs were divided into three portion. First portion were cooked at 100 °C for 20 min (Cooked), second portion were roasted at 200 °C for 40 min (Roasted) while, the last portion were used as fresh MCSs (Raw). Rattus norvegicus were obtained and grouped in number of 5 rats per sample. The antioxidant activities assay shows that processing (cooking and roasting) enhanced free radical scavenging ability of MCSs samples against DPPH which ranged from 41.27% in raw to 58.77% in roasted. Glycemic index of cooked and roasted MCSs (42.29% and 37.77%) were also observed to be lower than 44.78% obtained in raw MCSs. Low density lipoprotein concentration (99.74 and 86.78 mg/dl) of rats fed on processed (cooked and roasted) MCSs samples shows ameliorating potential compared with 113.01 mg/dl obtained in rats induced with STZ and fed with Chow only. Highest blood glucose level reduction potential (73.90%) was obtained in roasted MCSs followed by cooked MCSs (70.09%). These values were higher than 0.43% and 67.45% obtained in STZ induced rats fed on chow and acarbose (2.0 mg/day) respectively. The study established that processing of MCSs enhanced free radical scavenging abilities, lower glycemic index (<43%), increase antidiabetic and antihypercholesterol ameliorating potentials. However, roasted MCSs may be recommended for formulation of functional foods as its showed highest activities in antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholesterol potentials.
Antioxidant properties of beverages from graded mixture of green/roasted coffee and hibiscus sabdariffa calyx flours
(2022) Agunbiade HO; Fagbemi TN; Aderinola TA
In an attempt to develop functional beverage that is health promoting, this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant potential of beverages (powders) developed from green/roasted coffee and Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx. Green coffee beans were roasted; graded blends of green or roasted coffee beans were blended with graded amount of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and assessed for total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant properties, sensory qualities and proximate composition in the laboratory. The results showed that all the beverages exhibited good antioxidant properties with total phenolic ranging between 36.26–351.35 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 13.74–104.05 mg QE/g, FRAP 30.30–175.89 mg GAE/g, ABTS 14.45–42.65%, DPPH 92.23–95.39%. The proximate composition, moisture content 4.62–11.55, total ash 4.74–8.00, crude fat 11.88–14.31, crude fiber 8.25–10.64, crude protein 4.32–9.51, 53.62–57.66. The sample made from 70% Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and 30% green coffee powder showed the highest antioxidant properties comparable with standard antioxidant agent having total phenol of 351.351 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 104.05 mg QE/g, FRAP 175.89 mg GAE/g, ABTS 42.65%, DPPH 95.39%. These findings showed that the blends have the potential to serve as a source of natural antioxidant and can stabilize free radicals. Hence can serve as a functional beverage.
Attenuation of millimetre wave radio signal at worst hour rainfall rate in a tropical region: A case study, Nigeria
(2022) Nymphas EF; Ibe O
The classical sub-6 GHz spectrum currently being used by wireless networks cannot support the requirement of 5G and higher upcoming mobile communication networks due to its limited bandwidth. Millimeter Wave (MMW) radio systems operating at 30 to 300GHz band provides higher bandwidth, frequency reuse and communications security but suffers greatly from atmospheric, environmental and rain attenuation. The attenuation of millimeter wave radio signal at worst hour rainfall rate was therefore investigated. The data was collected from the Tropospheric Data Acquisition network (TRODAN), the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The rainfall rates were measured at 5 and 1-minutes integration time and the Lavergnat and Gole model was used for the conversion of the measured 5 minute to equivalent 1-minute values. The results revealed that throughout the study period, about 66.67% of the sites recorded the worst rainfall events at the 15 hours Local Time (LT). The range of rainfall rate at 0.01% exceedance was 1.18 to 62 mm/hr while at 0.001% it ranged from 51.50 to 116 mm/hr. The specific attenuation at the threshold frequency of 200 GHz at the 0.01% exceedance ranged from 1.638 to 6.175 dB/km. The clear signal band frequency threshold was 60 GHz and the path attenuation ranged from 15.34 dB to 20.43 dB. These results suggest the inclusion of the estimated attenuation values by radio propagation engineers in designs for this region.
Bioactive component of aqueous extract of Solanum melongena ameliorate estradiol valerate induced ovarian-pituitary dysfunctions in female Sprague–Dawley rats: Histomorphological and biochemical evidence
(2022) Adelakun SA; Akintunde OW; Akingbade GT; Adedotun OA
Background Estradiol valerate (EV) is known to cause hypothalamic-pituitary dysregulation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. This study focused on the impact of aqueous extract of Solanum melongena (SM) on EV-induced ovarian-pituitary dysfunction in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Thirty-two healthy female Sprague Dawley rats weighing (8 weeks old; weight 150–200 g) were randomly divided into four groups of eight (n = 8) rats each. Group A received 2 ml of distilled water, Group B received a single dose of 4 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of EV (i.p), Group C received 500 mg/kg bwt SM extract orally and Group D received a single dose of 4 mg/kg bwt of EV (i.p) and 500 mg/kg bwt of SM orally, the experiment lasted for 21days. The following parameters body weight, pituitary gland weight, ovary weight, ovary, and pituitary gland histomorphology, total antioxidant status (TOS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), progesterone, FSH, LH, Testosterone, and estradiol were assessed. Results Estradiol valerate decreases the number of healthy follicles, progesterone, estradiol, HDL, and TAS. And increase degenerated cystic follicles, TT, FSH, LH, triglyceride, TC, LAL, TOS, and OSI. Pituitary gland showed degenerative changes, characterized by neutrophil infiltrations and loss of cellular projections marked improvement was observed in the ovary, pituitary gland, hormone, and biochemical parameters after SM administration. Conclusion Solanum melongena offers protection against EV-induced ovarian-pituitary dysfunctions evidence by restoration of oxidative stress markers, steroidogenesis, and histopathological alterations back to control level.
Challenges of Urban Housing Quality: Insights and Experiences of Akure, Nigeria
(2016) Adeoye DO
This research was conducted in order to evaluate the housing infrastructure and quality in Akure, capital city of Ondo state, Nigeria. It tries to identify the problems that have aided the degradation of basic housing infrastructures, substandard housing, overcrowding and the likelihood of future incidences of disease and epidemics. In order to achieve the above; the city was divided into high, medium and low – density zones. The study also made use of the existing demographic and land use characteristics of the city and both primary and secondary data were used for the data collection. From the methodology, there were questionnaire administration, collection and updating of the base maps, observation checklists and the use of necessary field instrument for the study. Penalty scoring was used to assess the conditions and quality of houses. A total number of 180 houses were selected for the study. Secondary data involved information from existing literatures, books and journals. The study reveals that Houses in the high – density area have the worst property and environmental characteristics followed by houses in the medium – density area. Based on housing condition alone, approximately half of all the dwellings surveyed (54.44%) in the three zones are categorized as either sub – standard or unfit for human habitation. More than half of the houses surveyed have at least one or more major defects. Many of the houses are overcrowded with perhaps up to eight persons per room and the rooms are subjected to tenant's abuse by internal conversion to increase the occupancy rate. Also, many of the residents in the high density area are polygamists. The study further suggested a regeneration by private investors with possible displacement of residents from the high – density zone to new towns; a vigorous programme of housing and health education; enhanced collaboration between stakeholders to develop enforceable standards for existing housing stock is necessary; while the government is also expected to improve the existing infrastructures.
Co-administration of metformin and gallic acid modulates JAK/STAT signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin diabetic Rats
(2022) Elekofehinti OO; Ariyo EO; Iwaloye O; Obafemi TO
Background Incidence of diabetes Mellitus (DM) is on the rise with each passing year in spite of available therapies in the management of DM. Metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug, and gallic acid (GA) are some of the compounds with established antidiabetic properties. However, there is dearth of information on their combination on JAK/STAT signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism in diabetic model. This study investigated the combined effect of metformin and GA on diabetic rats. Methods Forty male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups viz: diabetic control, normal control, Metformin (100 mg/kg), GA (100 mg/kg) and GA (100 mg/kg) + Metformin (100 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by administration of 10% fructose for 14 days followed by injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). The therapy was administered for a total of 21 days. The pancreatic mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunits (GCLC), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunits (GCLM) and Glutathione Synthetase (GSS), inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and proteins of the Janus Kinase/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription pathway (Janus Kinase (JAK), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT), were quantified using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Metformin and GA were also docked with Insulin, GSS, and Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) to determine their binding affinity. Results Rats treated with co-administration of GA and metformin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased fasting blood glucose level in comparison with groups treated with gallic acid only and metformin only. The gene expression analysis shows that co-administering metformin and gallic acid protects the pancreas of STZ-induced rats by increasing glutathione production, alleviating inflammation (IL-1, IL-6, IFN-), and modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway though upregulation of GCLC, GCLM, GSS mRNA expression and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, JAK2, STAT3 and STA5 mRNA expression. Conclusion This study showed that the combination therapy of metformin and GA modulated JAK/STAT pathway mediated by the cytokines, and replenished glutathione in the pancreas of diabetic rats.
Combining multicriteria decision analysis with GIS for suitably siting landfills in a Nigerian state
(2019) Ajibade FO; Olajire OO; Ajibade TF; Nwogwu NA; Lasisi KH; Alo AB; Owolabi TA; Adewumi JR
Population explosion coupled with poor governance and land use planning is responsible for indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in unsuitable sites. Despite the vast availability of modern methods of siting landfills, many waste disposal methods in Akure are piled up in open sites and unsafe. Owing to this lack of effectiveness of these common methods in Akure, a better approach is adopted to enable the analysis of a number of required qualitative and quantitative issues for landfill site selection. This study is aimed at identifying suitable sites for solid waste disposal and management while considering all essential factors and rating criteria by integrating GIS with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in Akure, Ondo State. Standards for siting landfill formulated by the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) were employed in this study. The criteria that are considered herein are land use, slope, distance to drainage, distance to linear features, soil, geology, distance to the residence and road accessibility. These criteria were assigned fuzzy membership classes based on their importance in siting landfill. The fuzzy members of all criteria were overlaid to generate the final landfill site suitability map which was classified into five: not suitable (34.1%), less suitable (50.4%), moderately suitable (0.3%), suitable (0.02%) and highly suitable (15.5%). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was employed in the selection of the landfill site with reverence to multiple criteria and the fuzzy membership classes in accordance with the standards of the EPA. The result of this study serves as guide for further field survey.
Comparative study on Radio Refractivity Gradient in the troposphere using Chaotic Quantifiers
(2019) Ojo JS; Adelakun AO; Edward OV
Complexity and nonlinear trend in the internal activities of the troposphere has been a great factor affecting the transmission and receiving of good quality of signals globally. In lieu of this, prediction of chaos and positive refractivity gradients for line-of-sight microwave radio paths is necessary for designing radio systems. Complexity in the troposphere due to changes in meteorological parameters can lead to the strong negative gradient (or super-refraction) which afterward lead to interference between terrestrial links and satellite earth stations. In this paper, a comparative study on the degree of complexity of Radio Refractivity Gradient (RRG) using Chaotic Quantifiers (CQ) such as Phase Plot Reconstruction (PPR), Average Mutual Information (AMI), False Nearest Neighbor (FNN), Lyapunov Exponent (LE), Tsallis Entropy (TS) and Recurrence Plot (RP) are discussed extensively. The RRG data (2011-2012) used in this work were obtained for 0 m to 100 m, from the archives of Tropospheric Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN) from five different stations namely; Akure (Geo. 7.299∘N,5.147∘E), Enugu (Geo. 6.46∘N,7.55∘E), Jos (Geo. 9.90∘N,8.86∘E), Minna (Geo. 9.58∘N,6.55∘E) and Sokoto (Geo. 13.01∘N,5.25∘E). The chaotic quantifiers are used to investigate the degree of complexity in the 30 minutes interval atmospheric data from the selected locations which is specified into rainy, dry and transition season months. The parallel and short diagonal lines observed depicts the evidence of chaos. However, the observed result shows that the RRG is higher during the rainy season than the dry season. In other words, the information is valid for the proposed data analysis, since the LE is actually directly proportional to the TE. Also, the results further show that the rainy season months exhibit higher chaoticity than the dry season months, which is equivalent to high radio refractivity gradient observed across the selected stations.
Cyanide, haematology and histopathology profiles of albino rats fed with ‘Fufu’-based diets produced from mixed starter cultures
(2020) Babatuyi CY; Boboye BE; Fagbemi TN; Enujiugha VN
The cyanide, haematology and histopathology profiles of white albino rats fed with ‘fufu’-based diets were monitored. The cassava tubers were subjected into different processing operations: spontaneous-soaked traditional method (SWI), grated before spontaneously-fermented without starter culture (CWI) and those grated, blanched at 65 °C for 15 min before fermented with microorganisms isolated, purified and identified from spontaneously fermented ‘fufu’ categorized into Bacteria only (BAP), Bacteria and Yeast (BYP), Yeast only (YAP), Bacteria and Mould (BMP), Mould and Yeast (MYP) and Mould only (MAP) and were oven dried and milled. The commercial ready-to-eat ‘Fufu’ (CWF) was served as control for laboratory processed samples. Albino rats of the wister strain with four (4) rats per group were fed with 50 % of Commercial vital feed (CVF) and 50% each of the remaining nine (9) “Fufu” samples in ratio 1:1 before haematology and histopathology profile of the animals were investigated. It was found out that Samples BMP and MAP had abnormal high Neutrophil (58–60; 41–42 %) lower Lymphocyte (40–43; 58–61 %), lower Packed cell volume (46–48; 45–47 %) and higher cyanide in the blood (0.004–0.006 mg/L) with sample BMP highest white blood cell (23–24 × 10⁹/L) and sample MAP least white blood cell (6.5–6.6 × 10⁹/L) when compared with other samples which were within the acceptable recommended values for animal studied for haematology and histopathology profiles. The “fufu” samples had reduced cyanide levels ranging from 0.001 mg/L to 0.006 mg/L in the blood of the animals assayed due to the processing operations used. Therefore, combined use of bacteria isolated as starter cultures in the production of odourless “Fufu” have acceptable haematology, histopathology and reduced cyanide level which suggests the suitability in terms of safety for human consumption.
Cyperus esculentus suppresses hepato-renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and caspase-3 activation following chronic exposure to sodium fluoride in rats’ model
(2022) Adelakun SA; Ogunlade B; Fidelis OP; Adedotun OA
Background Death arising from hepato-renal related diseases is on the increase. Cyperus esculentus (CE) possesses antioxidants potentials. This study aim at investigating the effect of Cyperus esculentus on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. Methods Twenty-four male rats weighting (10–12 weeks old, 200± 20 g) randomized into group A (control) received 1 ml normal saline; group B administered 5 mg/kg bwt of NaF; group C received 500 mg/kg bwt CE; group D received 5 mg/kg bwt NaF and 500 mg/kg bwt CE through gastric gavage for 30 days. Liver and kidney histology, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatinine (Cr), and Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Hepatic and renal nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), caspase-3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were performed. Results The observed increases in AST, ALT, ALP, LHD, Cr, and BUN were alleviated in NaF+CE treated rats. The reduction of antioxidant activity was assuaged in rats treated with NaF+CE. In addition, NaF increases liver and kidney MDA, NO, MPO TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase-3 activity, significantly decreases in rats treated with NaF+CE. Histological observation showed swelling glomeruli and renal tubules lesion while the liver sections showed an extensive histopathological change in NaF exposed rats. However, the intervention of CE alleviated the severity of histopathological lesions induced by NaF. Conclusion Therefore, CE ameliorate NaF-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and caspase 3 activation in the liver and kidney of the rats.
Data set on concentrations, bioavailability, dose and lung deposition of labile metals bound to inhalable and respirable fractions of ambient particulate matters in Akure suburbs
(2018) Olumayede EG; Oguntimehin I; Ediagbonya FT; Ojiodu C; Sodipe GO
This article consists of data sets of concentrations, dose and deposition of some labile metals bound to inhale ambient particulate matter collected at human breathing height of 1.5–2 m in Akure, South Western Nigeria. Ten (10) data points, of different air quality, were selected for study using active sampling method; during the dry season months of November, 2016 to March, 2017. At each data point, the dust particles were collected four times, sorted into inhalable and respirable fractions. The metal concentrations in each fraction were determined using Perkin-Elmer 6000 Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The data set were processed and analyzed via descriptive statistics (averages and standard deviations), and numerical analyses. The data were explored further to estimate the exposure dose of metal particles and deposition in various regions of lung (alveolar, trachea-bronchial and extra thoracic) in adults (male and female) dwelling in the area. The data revealed that the highest dose and deposition of metals (Pb, Cd and Cr) occur in the alveolar region of the lung of adults.
Dataset on cellular and geo-spatial information of a 10 km distance along Akure-Ilesha road
(2019) Diarah RS; Oyetunji SA; Osueke CO; Onokwai AO
This dataset contains cellular and geo-spatial information of a 10 km distance along Akure-Ilsha road in Ondo state, Nigeria. The data was acquired using a designed data acquisition system which was kept inside golf3 vehicle interfaced with Acer laptop, the data was acquired as the vehicle moves from the reference point (7.39919, 5.05944 ) to its destination point (7.32818, 5.10836), it harvests GSM signal Strengths from a base station in intervals with its time, latitude and longitude simultaneously as the vehicle moves along the travelled rout; the data acquired shows the variation of signal strength against distance along the road from one base station to another in the travelled path. The raw data of this work is hosted in the Mendeley repository DOI:10.17632/tmksc8mkt8.1
Dataset on the patterns of electricity consumption in public universities in southwestern Nigeria
(2018) Nunayon SS
In this data article, a thorough dataset on patterns of electricity use in Nigerian public universities was presented. Three relatively old public universities with staff and students’ halls of residences were purposively selected. The selected universities were Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (OAU), Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), and University of Ibadan (UI). Data were obtained through the administration of a structured questionnaire on electricity end users in the universities sampled. For the data collection, the electricity end users in public universities were stratified into users in university staff offices, staff residences, student residences, and commercial units. Electricity users were selected using systematic random sampling and accidental sampling techniques. In OAU, FUTA and UI, 217, 137 and 164 students, respectively were sampled; 30, 3, and 61 households in OAU, FUTA, and UI, respectively were sampled while 28, 6, and 18 commercial units in OAU, FUTA and UI, respectively were also sampled. The sample size determined for staff in OAU, FUTA and UI were 139, 81 and 182, respectively. The data obtained were analyzed using radar charts. The information provided in this data article will encourage investigation into electricity management strategies, critical success factors for electricity management, planning, and policy formulation towards the realization of sustainable campuses.
Dynamical evolution of vertical profile of rain structures observed using ground-based radar over a tropical station
(2021) Ojo JS; Akoma DB; Olurotimi EO
In this study, measurements of vertical profiles of rain parameters have been made using vertically pointing micro rain radar (VPMRR) at Akure (7.30° N, 5.13° E). Rain parameter data collected over seven-month rainfall episodes during the intense rainy season (April to October) have been analyzed for a dynamical evolutionary trend over the site. Nearly all the episodes observed followed a similar pattern, hence, a single continuous rainfall episode occurring between 20:45:00 h and 21:14:00 h Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT) local time on 6th August 2018 is presented in this report. The results show no significant changes to the rain parameters (such as rain rate and liquid water content) nor contributed to the raindrop size distribution, based on average fall velocity of 6.55 m s−1 and rain rates within 1.3 and 2.6 mm h−1. This is to enable a stable fall for the dominant drops during the period. Further, the results revealed the transformation and collision of smaller drops to enhance a stable fall of larger drops during the rain event. The information from the study will be useful for radar meteorologists and microwave engineers in their designs.
Eco-friendly stabilization of highway lateritic soil with cow bone powder admixed lime and plastic granules reinforcement
(2022) Ojuri OO; Osagie PO; Oluyemi-Ayibiowu BD; Fadugba OG; Tanimola MO; Chauhan VB; Jayejeje OO
abstract Modernization, industrialization and rapid changes in the modern lifestyle have resulted in massive waste materials in the environment. Scientists are continuously evolving innovative ways for efficient reuse/recycling and the safe disposal of waste materials. This study explores potential waste materials reuse in additive stabilization of a fair to poor highway lateritic soil (clay with low plasticity/silty clay) as a sub-base material and the impact of such additives in reducing the lime content during soil stabilization treatment. Soil samples obtained from road construction burrow pit in Ado-Ekiti, south-west, Nigeria were classified as CL group (clay with low plasticity), according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and A-6 material (silty clay) which is fairly poor highway material. Hydrated lime, Cow bone and plastic wastes were also locally sourced. Geotechnical tests (Compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength test, direct shear and consolidation test) were carried out on the control and stabilized samples according to BS 1990. The results of the Unconfined Compressive Strength tests revealed that the 90 % lateritic soil +10 % lime and a combination of 6 % lime +7 % cow bone powder +1 % plastic waste (6 % L +7 % CBP + 1.0 %PP) mixes produced the best result for the lime stabilized and waste-lime stabilized soil samples, respectively. The direct shear tests, indicated a reduction in the soil’s cohesion (c) from 38 kN/m2 to 28 kN/m2 and an improvement in the angle of internal friction (ϕ) from 29º to 45º for the optimum waste-lime mix. 10 % lime (L10) sample recorded comparatively lower c and ϕ values of 33 kN/m2 and 41º, respectively. The mix (6 % L +7 % CBP + 1.0 % PP) had improved the unsoaked and soaked CBR of 61.7 % and 37.6 %, respectively compared to the lime stabilized soil which recorded lower values of 57.8 % and 31.3 %, respectively. The permeability of the soil was reduced from 3.22e-03 cm/s to 9.12e-04 cm/s on the application of 10 % lime however the waste-lime optimal mix produced a lower value of 5.26e-04 cm/s. The results of the consolidation tests also revealed that the 6 % L +7 % CBP +1.0 % PP sample had a lower coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) of 1.065e-04 m2/kN than the untreated samples which is 1.365e-04 m2/kN implying the stabilized mix is less susceptible to compressibility than the untreated samples. The durability results revealed that the sample recorded a strength of 201.7 kPa after being subjected to 3 wet-dry (w-d) cycles for 6 % L +7 % CBP +1.0 % PP sample, while the 10 % lime stabilized soil was found to have a strength of 148.5 kPa strength. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the 6 % L +7 % CBP +1.0 % PP mix performed better than the 10 % lime stabilized mix with the waste materials substituting for 4 % of the lime and producing better results in terms of suitability as a highway sub-base material.

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