Federal University Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE)
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Item An Improved multi-objective a-star algorithm for path planning in a large workspace: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation(2022) Martins OO; Adekunle AA; Olaniyan OM; Bolaji BOImproved path planning algorithms should minimize algorithm processing time, increase path smoothness, and shorten path length, all of which will be extremely beneficial for mobile robot traversal in large workspaces. As a result, an improved multi-objective A-star (IMOA-star) algorithm for mobile robot path planning in a large workspace was designed and implemented in Python 3.8.3 in this study. In four test cases, the proposed IMOA-star is evaluated in a large workspace with dimensions of 7120 cm × 9490 cm, and its performance is compared to the traditional A-star. When compared to the traditional A-star, the results showed that IMOA-star reduced the algorithm process time by 99.98%, improved path smoothness by 45%, reduced path length by 1.58%, and reduced the number of random points by 83.45%. Finally, the IMOA-star outperforms the traditional A-star in terms of algorithm processing time, path smoothness, path length, and the number of random points. As a result, it should be considered a viable alternative to the traditional A-star for mobile robot path planning in a large workspace.Item Antioxidant activity and protective effects of cocoa and kola nut mistletoe (Globimetula cupulata) against ischemia/reperfusion injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts(2016) Akinmoladun AC; Olowe JA; Komolafe K; Ogundele J; Olaleye MTProtection against cardiomyocyte damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is highly desirable in patients with ischemic heart disease. Hydromethanol extracts of Globimetula cupulata (mistletoe) growing on cocoa (CGCE) and kola nut (KGCE) trees were assessed for antioxidant content and cardioprotective potential against I/R. Graded concentrations (1–50 μg/mL) of CGCE or KGCE were tested on Langendorff-perfused rat hearts to evaluate the effects on the flow rate, heart rate, and force of cardiac contraction, while another set of hearts were subjected to biochemical analyses. Both extracts showed good antioxidant content and activity, but KGCE (EC50: 24.8±1.8 μg/mL) showed higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than CGCE (70.2±4.5 μg/mL). Both extracts at 3 μg/mL reversed (p < 0.001) membrane peroxidation and the significant decrease in nitrite level, coronary flow rate, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity caused by the I/R cycle. It is concluded that G. cupulata protects against ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat hearts via augmenting endogenous antioxidants and significant restoration of altered hemodynamic parameters.Item Antioxidant markers in gills, liver and muscle tissue of the African Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to subchronic levels of Ibuprofen and Dibutyl phthalate(2021) Ogunwole GA; Abiya SE; Amaeze NH; Eze CTThe increasing influx of various emerging pollutants into the aquatic environment has become topical in recent times. This study was carried out to investigate the sublethal toxicity of ibuprofen (IBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on antioxidant markers in Clarias gariepinus exposed for 30 days. The results showed that SOD activity was significantly induced in the exposed fishes throughout the study period for both toxicants. CAT activity was induced significantly in the liver throughout the study period. In contrast, in the gill, there was an initial significant increase, followed by a significant inhibition as the study progressed for both toxicants. The GST activity was significantly induced in the liver and the gills of fishes exposed to both toxicants. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the GST activity in the muscle tissue of fish exposed to both toxicants in the first 15 days; afterward, there was a significant decrease in fish exposed to 0.2 mg/L of DBP. The GSH activity was significantly reduced in all sampled organs exposed to both toxicants at the end of the study period, although there was a significant increase in the GSH activity in fishes exposed to both toxicants at 15 days. The LPO in all sampled organs was significantly inhibited at 15 days of exposure to both toxicants. It was then followed by a significant increase at the end of the study period. This study's findings have shown that IBP and DBP at very low concentrations can elicit oxidative stress by altering antioxidant markers, leading to a high incidence of lipid peroxidation, thus, disrupting the normal functioning of the cell membranes.Item Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil samples from a gold mining area in Osun State, Nigeria using proton-induced X-ray emission(2021) Fagbenro AA; Yinusa TS; Ajekiigbe KM; Oke AO; Obiajunwa EIThis study identified and determined the concentration of heavy metal contaminants in Igun, Ijana-Gada and Igbadae gold mining sites using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. This was with a view to providing information on various heavy metal concentrations, potential sources of metals contamination and pollution load at Igun, Ijana-Gada and Igbadae gold mining sites. A total of thirty soil samples were collected randomly from Igun, Ijana-Gada and Igbadae gold mining sites in the Ilesha area, Osun State. Twelve samples were collected each from Igun and Ijana-Gada sites; while six samples were collected from Igbadae site. The soil samples were processed and analyzed for selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, M, V and Fe). A Multivariate statistics approach (Pearson Correlation Matrix and Principal Component Analysis) was used on the data for identification of contamination sources. The heavy metal concentrations in the studied soils decreased in the following order: Fe > Ti > Mn > V > Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu with mean value of Fe (84,470.60 mg/kg), Ti (15,337.30 mg/kg), Mn (576.80 mg/kg), V (465.90 mg/kg), Cr (304.10 mg/kg), Zn (103.90 mg/kg), Pb (38.60 mg/kg), and Cu (26.00 mg/kg). The result obtained from the assessment of heavy metal pollution using Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Pollution Index (PI) confirmed that Igun, Ijana-Gada, and Igbadae soils/mine-tailings were polluted in the range from slightly through moderately polluted up to highly polluted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three major components: PC1with loading of Fe, V, Zn, and Cu, PC2 with high loading of Ti and Mn while PC3 with the contribution of Pb and Cr. This was corroborated by Pearson Correlation Matrix (PCM) for the analyzed elements. The study revealed that the soils and mine tailings from the study area were polluted with heavy metals especially V, Ti and Cr from anthropogenic sources with little crustal material contributions thereby posing serious environmental and health concerns.Item Assessment of use of psychoactive and other non-prescription drugs among students of selected tertiary institutions in Ekiti State South West Nigeria - A baseline study(2021) Soremekun RO; Omole OE; Adeyemi OC; Oshatimi AMBackground Substance abuse is causing increasing threats to the stability of young minds, from teenage to the older youths and is an issue of public health concern in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Ekiti State. Methodology A comparative cross-sectional survey was carried out among students in tertiary institutions in Ekiti state with participants selected from Year 1 to Year 4. Data collection tool was the WHO questionnaire (STASSIS). Data was analysed to obtain descriptive and inferential data, Kruskal-Wallis test and chi square were used for analysis of variance and test of association. Result The majority of the students reported low use of all the drugs (64–90.1%) though moderate to high use were reported for: alcohol 35.1%, marijuana 15.7%, heroine 15.3%, tobacco 13.8% and cocaine 10.2%. There was a significant association between student's moderate to high use and university type. Students in private universities reported more use, especially heroine. Difference in substance use across the four years surveyed was significant with final year students (400 level) showing highest use. Conclusion Tertiary students in Ekiti state are low users of psychoactive substances with a prevalence of 60–91%. Moderate to high prevalence of 10–31% was reported with alcohol as the substance with highest usage. Substance use varied significantly with university type with highest prevalence in the private institution and students at different academic levels with final year students being the highest users.Item Biochemical Ameliorating Potential of Optimized Dough Meal from Plantain (Musa AAB), Soycake (Glycine max) and Rice bran (Oryza sativa) Flour Blends in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats(2022) Olugbuyi AO; Oladipo GO; Malomo SA; Ijarotimi SO; Fagbemi TNResearch is gradually drifting towards the adoption of food as therapy for the management of diseases that result from metabolic derangement, in extension genetic diseases can as well be managed by a functional and nutritional diet that will maintain the health of an individual through life. Diabetes Mellitus is not an exception. This study was aimed at formulating functional diets from blends of plantain, soycake, and rice bran flours. They were processed into the dough and referred to as optimized flour blends and dough meals. The 100% Plantain flour (PLTF) and 100% cerolina (CERF) serve as the positive and negative controls. The protein efficiency ratio of the optimized flour blends and dough meal samples fed on rats ranged between 0.73 in PLTF – 3.23 in PSRD. The flour blends were less digestible than the dough meal flour. The dough meal flours (PLTD, CERD, and PSRD) have higher α–amylase inhibitory activity than the flour samples (PLTF, CERF, and PSRF). The PSRD has the highest α–amylase inhibition (30%) and was significantly higher than others.Inhibition against α- glucosidase activity ranged from 25% (PLTD) to 32% (PSRD). The raw flours (PLTF, CERF, and PSRF) have lessα–glucosidase inhibition than dough meal samples. Rats fed with the optimized diets enhanced the endogenous antioxidant status by elevating the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione transferase (GST) in the liver, while the diet depressed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The optimized dough meal has high alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities which are key enzymes implicated in diabetes mellitus; hence, the sample has the potential to be used as dietary intervention to modulate DM and hypertension.Item BOLDNESS-AGGRESSION SYNDROMES IN THE ZEBRAFISH AND THE GUPPIES(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 2012-06-22) T. O. Ariyomo, T. Jegede and P. J. WattItem Cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in southwest Nigeria: Patterns and prevalence(2015) Oluyombo R; Olamoyegun MA; Olaifa O; Iwuala SO; Babatunde OAIntroduction Over 80% of cardiovascular deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries; most of these deaths are due to modifiable risk factors. The study aimed at estimating the prevalence and pattern of major cardiovascular risk factors in both men and women older than 18years. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular risk factors among semi-urban dwellers in Ekiti State, south-western, Nigeria. 750 participants were drawn from 10 communities. The instrument used was the standard WHO STEPS (II) questionnaire, while blood samples were obtained for analysis. Results There were 750 participants with 529 (70.53%) females. The mean age of participants was 61.7±18.50years and participants’ ⩾65years comprised 38.3%. There were 0.8%, 24.9% and 12.4%, who at the time of this study smoked cigarettes, consumed alcohol, and ate a high salt diet, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, generalized and abdominal obesity was 47.2%, 6.8%, 8.5% and 32.0%, respectively, with only 48.9% receiving hypertension treatment. Elevated total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and low HDL was seen in 4.4%, 16.7% and 56.3% respectively. Conclusion High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors call for an urgent need for more public health attention and reinforcement of primary preventive strategies to curb its menace.Item CHARACTERISATION OF MICROWAVED AND OVEN DRIED AERIAL YAM (Dioscorea bulbifera) STARCH(2017) ABE, FUNBI JANETNative Starch was extracted from Aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera). The starch extracted was dried using oven (at 300C for 24 hours) and microwaved for (30, 45, 60 seconds). Starch obtained using different drying methods and conditions were analysed for their physicochemical, functional properties and pasting characteristics. Results obtained showed that amylose, amylopectin, colour, pH, bulk density, swelling power, least gelation capacity, oil absorption capacity, water absorption capacity ranged from 26.87% to 32.77%, 66.89% to 73.12%, 40.35 to 53.65, 5.67 to 5.68, 0.568 to 0.704 g/cm3 , 7.26 to 8.43%, 9 to 15%, 112.89 to 121.98%, 164.39 to 306. 46% respectively. The pasting properties ranged from 48.9 to 80.70C for pasting temperature, 10.9 to 20.50 minutes for pasting time, 493 to 545 BU for peak viscosity, 355 to 823 BU for final viscosity, 315 to 341 BU for breakdown viscosity, 178 to 217 BU for setback viscosity. The effect of different drying methods and conditions on the physico-chemical properties of the starch showed that oven dried starch has a relatively low bulk density compared to microwaved starch, and this implies that oven dried starch is better in terms of storability and transportation while higher bulk density of the microwaved starch showed that it will be a greater ease of dispersibility and reduction in paste thickness. The higher swelling power of the oven dried starch is a very important criteria for a good quality starch and water intake of the starch. The oven dried starch had better gelation capacity, because the lower the gel, the better the sample, and this is for starch granules to rise when incorporating into food products. The oven dried starch had higher water absorption capacity than the microwaved starch, in which it is suitable to entrap large amount of water during processing. The oven dried starch had higher advantages than microwaved dried aerial yam starch.Item Characterization of biochar and phosphorus adsorption in charnockite-originated soils(2022) Ilori AO; Ogbonnaya OU; Asaolu JI; Shittu OS; Fasina ASPhosphorus, P deficiency by adsorption and fixation of applied P is a critical problem in the tropical soils coupled with wastage of agricultural land and potential nutrients from crop residues’ decomposition necessitates conservancy and sustainable management. Maize stover biochar (mB) and sawmill waste biochar (sB) pyrolysed for 60-minute at 460 °C using Top-Lit Up Draft (TLUD) carbonizer were characterized by morphological, elemental and proximate properties analysed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), CHNS Elemental Analyser and appropriate methods, respectively. Phosphorus (P) adsorption potential of the biochars in charnockite-originated soils were evaluated using adsorption isotherms after adding biochars at 0, 5, 10 and 20% (w/w) with concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 mg P/L. SEM showed macropores (>50 nm) embedded biochars, with higher elemental C and H in sB while mB contained higher N, S, O, available P and pH. P-adsorption decreased inconsistently with increasing biochar rates resulting in P-desorption. Low Langmuir adsorption maximum (Qm) were recorded (−0.0350 to 0.1250 mg kg−1) mostly with negative separation factors (RL) and the adsorption process were favourable for mB amended soils having Freundlich heterogeneity factor (nF) of 4.476–9.634 but not for sB amended soils (nF = 0.638–2.812). Biochar production conserved nutrient loss and potentially reduced soil P fixation.Item Compliance Of Amaranth Farmers With Non-Usage Of Banned Agro-chemicals In The Selected Local Government Areas Of Ekiti State(2017) Victor, Sunday SamuelThe study assessed the compliance of Amaranth farmers with non-usage of banned agrochemicals in the selected Local Government Areas of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty farmers from the selected Local Government Areas. The Average age of the farmers was 41 years with 81.7% of them being makes. They had an average year of schooling (approximately 10 years) with an average annual income of N212,000.Item Conducting public health surveillance in areas of armed conflict and restricted population access: a qualitative case study of polio surveillance in conflict-affected areas of Borno State, Nigeria.(2022-05-07T00:00:00Z) Wiesen, Eric; Dankoli, Raymond; Musa, Melton; Higgins, Jeff; Forbi, Joseph; Idris, Jibrin; Waziri, Ndadilnasiya; Ogunbodede, Oladapo; Mohammed, Kabiru; Bolu, Omotayo; WaNganda, Gatei; Adamu, Usman; Pinsker, EveThis study examined the impact of armed conflict on public health surveillance systems, the limitations of traditional surveillance in this context, and innovative strategies to overcome these limitations. A qualitative case study was conducted to examine the factors affecting the functioning of poliovirus surveillance in conflict-affected areas of Borno state, Nigeria using semi-structured interviews of a purposeful sample of participants. The main inhibitors of surveillance were inaccessibility, the destroyed health infrastructure, and the destroyed communication network. These three challenges created a situation in which the traditional polio surveillance system could not function. Three strategies to overcome these challenges were viewed by respondents as the most impactful. First, local community informants were recruited to conduct surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis in children in the inaccessible areas. Second, the informants engaged in local-level negotiation with the insurgency groups to bring children with paralysis to accessible areas for investigation and sample collection. Third, GIS technology was used to track the places reached for surveillance and vaccination and to estimate the size and location of the inaccessible population. A modified monitoring system tracked tailored indicators including the number of places reached for surveillance and the number of acute flaccid paralysis cases detected and investigated, and utilized GIS technology to map the reach of the program. The surveillance strategies used in Borno were successful in increasing surveillance sensitivity in an area of protracted conflict and inaccessibility. This approach and some of the specific strategies may be useful in other areas of armed conflict.Item CRISPR in Sub-Saharan Africa: Applications and Education(2019) Ogaugwu CE; Agbo SO; Adekoya MAClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has enabled genetic engineering feats previously considered impracticable, offering great hopes for solutions to problems facing society. We consider it timely to highlight how CRISPR can benefit public health, medicine, and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and offer recommendations for successful implementation.Item Data on the radiometric survey over a kaolinitic terrain in Dahomey Basin, Nigeria(2018) Adagunodo TA; Hammed OS; Usikalu MR; Ayara WA; Ravisankar RThis article consists the in situ data sets of activity concentrations of radionuclides (K-40, Th-232 and U-238) and gamma radiation dose rates measured about 1 m above a kaolinitic terrain in Ifonyintedo, Dahomey Basin, SW Nigeria. Nineteen (19) data points were randomly occupied at the lower axis of the kaolin field using a hand-held detector known as Super-Spec (RS 125). At each data point, the measurements were taken four times, while their averages and standard deviations were estimated in order to ensure accuracy. The radiometric survey was carried out between December, 2017 and January, 2018. The data sets were processed and analyzed via a descriptive statistics. The data can be explored further by estimating the radiological risks to the miners on the field, and to correlate the activity concentrations of the data with the activity concentrations of the tiles that are produced from the kaolin deposits in Ifonyintedo. Furthermore, the data from this article could be compared with other data acquired over a kaolinitic terrain across the globe.Item Data on the thermal properties of soil and its moisture content(2018) Oyeyemi KD; Sanuade OA; Oladunjoye MA; Aizebeokhai AP; Olaojo AA; Fatoba JO; Olofinnade OM; Ayara WA; Oladapo OThe dataset contains thermal properties of soil such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, temperature and specific heat capacity in an agricultural farm within the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The data were acquired in forty (40) sampling points using thermal analyzer called KD-2 Pro. Soil samples taken at these sampling points were analyzed in the laboratory for their moisture content following the standard reference of American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO) T265. The data were acquired within the first and second weeks in the month of April, 2012. Statistical analyses were performed on the data set to understand the data. The data is made available publicly because thermal properties of soils have significant role in understanding the water retention capacity of soil and could be helpful for proper irrigation water management.Item Data set on concentrations, bioavailability, dose and lung deposition of labile metals bound to inhalable and respirable fractions of ambient particulate matters in Akure suburbs(2018) Olumayede EG; Oguntimehin I; Ediagbonya FT; Ojiodu C; Sodipe GOThis article consists of data sets of concentrations, dose and deposition of some labile metals bound to inhale ambient particulate matter collected at human breathing height of 1.5–2 m in Akure, South Western Nigeria. Ten (10) data points, of different air quality, were selected for study using active sampling method; during the dry season months of November, 2016 to March, 2017. At each data point, the dust particles were collected four times, sorted into inhalable and respirable fractions. The metal concentrations in each fraction were determined using Perkin-Elmer 6000 Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The data set were processed and analyzed via descriptive statistics (averages and standard deviations), and numerical analyses. The data were explored further to estimate the exposure dose of metal particles and deposition in various regions of lung (alveolar, trachea-bronchial and extra thoracic) in adults (male and female) dwelling in the area. The data revealed that the highest dose and deposition of metals (Pb, Cd and Cr) occur in the alveolar region of the lung of adults.Item Data showing the effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining(2018) Afolalu SA; Abioye AA; Udo MO; Adetunji OR; Ikumapayi OM; Adejuyigbe SBThe effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining was presented in this study. Mild steel of 150 kg mass containing 0.56% carbon was charged into the furnace at melting and pouring temperature of 1539 and 1545 °C respectively. Also charged into the furnace with the mild steel were 0.05% max phosphorous and a bit of sulphur. Thereafter, the sample was cooled and annealed at a temperature of 900 °C for 9 h and then cooled to 300 °C of hardening, normalizing and tempering respectively. The treated samples were then soaked with pulverized in palm kernel shell and barium carbonate (20%) energizer at respective temperatures (800, 850, 900 and 950 °C) and time variances (60, 90 and 120 min) in a muffle furnace. The developed tool was tested on a lathe machine to evaluate its performance. The surface and core hardness, wear resistance and toughness were carried out using the hardness tester, Rotopol–V and impact tester respectively. This is essential for predicting the useful life of the tool in service.Item Dataset on part replacement of dipalmitoylphophatidylcholine with locust bean on stimulated tracheobronchial fluid, in vitro bioaccessibility test and modeling of lung deposition of trace elements bound to airborne particulates(2020) Olumayede EG; Oguntimehin I; Ojiodu CC; Babalola BM; Ojo A; Adeoye OS; Sodipe OGThe data presented in this article are related to our work on development of tracheobronchial fluid, in vitro bioaccessibility test and modeling of lung deposition of trace elements bound to airborne particulates [1]. In this article, a neutral modeled tracheobronchial fluid was formulated by partial replacement of some constituents in recipes of previously used lung epithelium fluids with local materials and was used in in vitro bioaccessibility extraction of elements-bound to airborne particulates. Dataset of particulate matters-bound trace elements collected in selected locations Ado – Ekiti is presented and the deposition of elements in different regions of respiratory tracts is estimated using Multiple-path particle deposition (MPPD) mathematic model. The data reveals that the formulated fluid has physical characteristics with superior properties to the existing fluids. The data also shows that bioaccessibility of elements were generally low (<30%) except for Cd and As with relatively moderate values (between 45 and 50%). Additionally, the lung deposition modeling shows that greater percentage of Cd (about 40% of inhaled dose) deposition in the lower alveolar part of the respiratory tract while tracheobronchial and extra-thoracic had 33% and 27% respectively. The data sets can be used as references to analyze data obtained using other formulation.Item Dataset to support the adoption of social media and emerging technologies for students’ continuous engagement(2020) Akande ON; Badmus TA; Akindele AT; Arulogun OTThe recent advancements in ICT have made it possible for teaching and learning to be conducted outside the four walls of a University. Furthermore, the recent COVID-19 pandemic that has crippled educational activities in all nations of the world has further revealed the urgent need for academic institutions to embrace and integrate alternative modes of teaching and learning via social media platforms and emerging technologies into existing teaching tools. This article contains data collected from 850 face to face University students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. An online google form was used to elicit information from the students about their awareness and intention to use these alternative modes of teaching and learning. The questions were structured using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This data article includes the questionnaire used to retrieve the data, the responses obtained in spreadsheet format, the charts generated from the responses received, the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) file, the descriptive statistics, and reliability analysis computed for all the UTAUT variables. The dataset will enhance understanding of how face to face students use social media platforms and how these platforms could be used to engage the students outside their classroom activities. Also, the dataset exposes how familiar face to face University students are to these emerging teaching and learning technologies. The challenges that could inhibit the adoption of these technologies were also revealed.