University of Ibadan

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Demand and referral pattern for orthodontic care at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2004) Onyeaso CO
Objective: To assess the demand and pattern of referral for orthodontic services at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Design: A 21-month prospective clinic-based study of consecutive orthodontic patients. Setting and sample population: The orthodontic clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and seventy-eight (178) consecutive patients, consisting of 79 (44.4%) males and 99 (55.6%) females with mean age of 16.21 ± 7.81 years were studied. Results: 80% of subjects were 20 years of age or younger, while less than 2% were over 40 years of age. More females sought orthodontic care than males. Over 43% of the patients needed removable orthodontic appliances while close to 17% required treatment with fixed appliances. Extractions of retained primary teeth and other grossly malpositioned teeth accounted for 9.6% while 24.7% needed observation of occlusal developments before any treatment decisions could be made. Dentists were noted to be the main referrers of these patients, accounting for over 49% of the referrals, followed by 25.4% who were self referred, and 18.3% who attended under parental influence. Conclusion: More girls than boys demanded orthodontic care and dentists were the major referrers of orthodontic patients.
Orthodontic treatment complexity and need at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, according to the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON): A pilot study
(2006) Ochi Onyeaso C; Idaboh G
Although occlusal indices have been useful in research, audit, practice management, and quality assurance in clinical orthodontics, complexity of orthodontic cases had not been easy to assess for a long time in clinical practice. This pilot study aimed at assessing the orthodontic treatment need and complexity in a referral orthodontic centre in Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of 56 pre-treatment study models randomly selected from the orthodontic model collection of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria was carried out without any bias for age or gender. The index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was used as the outcome measure. Descriptive statistics were employed in the data analysis. Forty-seven (83.9%) of the sample needed treatment. Thirty-four (60.7%) cases were classified as difficult or very difficult. Only 1 (1.8%) and 13(23.2%) belonged to the easy and mild categories, respectively. The overall mean ICON score was 67.4±19.6SD (range 25–104). Considerable proportions of these referred orthodontic cases in Nigeria needed treatment and had treatment complexity comparable to the Caucasians.
Maternal Tetanus at the University College Hospital in Ibadan Nigeria: A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis
(2008) Roberts OA; Morhason-Bello IO; Adedokun BO; Adekunle AO
Objective To determine the characteristics of women with maternal tetanus, pattern of presentation and outcome of management. Methods A total of 19 women were managed with maternal tetanus between 1990 and 2005 from the University College Hospital in Ibadan Nigeria. A retrospective study was performed. The medical records of all women managed as a case of maternal tetanus were retrieved from the central record department of the hospital. The pattern of presentation, characteristics of women, the duration of hospital admission, tetanus toxoid immunization, and outcome of care were measured. Results The records of 18 women managed were analyzed. The mean age at presentation was 25.2 ± 5.3 years. The patients were mostly single, nulliparous and had primary school education. The maternal tetanus cases seen mainly complicated induced abortion while 5 and 2 other cases were due to childbirth complication and leg wound respectively. The portal of entry of the remaining 3 cases could not be ascertained. None of the patient managed had complete immunization schedule. The average duration of admission was 11.2 ± 6.7 d. Five women had intensive care with 3 of them requiring ventilatory support. The case fatality rate was 66.7%. The only factor that significantly improved survival was presence of generalized spasm at presentation (P=0.006) Conclusion The occurrence of maternal tetanus is a reflection of low quality of health care delivery and lack or inefficient routine immunization coverage in any community.
Biosocial Profiles and Pattern of Complaints of New Intrauterine Device Acceptors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2009) Okunlola MA; Morhason-Bello IO; Roberts AA; Tokzaka AA; Adekunle AO
Objective To determine the pattern of biosocial characteristics of the new IUD acceptors and describe their concerns. Methods This was a retrospective review of records of new IUD acceptors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January to December 2007. Results The age range of subjects was 19 to 49 years with a mean of 33.5 ± 2.4 years. The commonest source (46.0%) of clientele referral was through the health care providers — doctors and nurse/midwife. Other referral patterns were from friends/ relative (23.5%), media — TV and radio (17.0%), outreach programmes (7.3%), self referral (5.2%) and others — the source was not indicated (1.2%). Of the total participants, only 239 (56.1%) reported for follow-up visits. Majority had at least one visit; about a third had two, while others had three or four and above visits. About 43.2% of those at follow-up visits had complaints. The commonest (37.5%) complaint was menstrual irregularity. Other complaints were cramping abdominal pain (22.2%), vaginal discharge (19.6%), amenorrhoea (10.3%), penile discomfort during sexual intercourse (4.3%), expulsion of IUD (3.8%) and 2.2% of missing IUD. Conclusion This audit shows that new IUD acceptors are largely referred by health care providers and are mainly offered the TCu380A version. Community outreach programmes as alternative strategy is likely to boost the uptake of this particular method in Nigeria.
Perception and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Female Undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(2009) Bello FA; Olayemi O; Fawole AO; Ogunbode OO; Sobukunola T; Adesina OA; Aimakhu C; Okunlola MA
Objective To assess perception and level of proper utilization of emergency contraception (EC) among female undergraduates. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed on 383 female undergraduates in Nigeria in June 2006. Data analysis was with χ-square test and logistic regressions (P<0.05). Results One hundred and five (48.2%) had been sexually exposed. Only 32 (30.5%) used regular contraception. Seventy-three (24.3%) female undergraduates were aware of EC. Only 29 (7.6%) had used EC before. Most would not use emergency contraceptive drugs in future due to lack of awareness (64.8%), and fear for future fertility and of drugs being injurious to health. Use of EC was associated with awareness of correct interval for use (OR=9.1; 95%CI: 2.1-39.9). Conclusion There is poor knowledge about EC and poor use, while significant need remains. Most knowledge was acquired from peers and inaccurate. Peer educators are important and professionals' knowledge needs improvement.
Neonatal Mortality in an Urban Population in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2011) Adetola AO; Tongo OO; Orimadegun AE; Osinusi K
Background Neonatal mortality remains a major contributor to death among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), causes of death, and associated risk factors among hospital live births in a suburban population in Nigeria. Patients and Methods A total of 1058 consecutive live newborns at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, were enrolled at birth and followed up in their homes for 28 days. The causes of death were extracted from hospital records, and verbal autopsy was used to determine the causes of death outside the hospital. Results The NMR was 32.1 per 1000 live births. The leading causes of death were severe perinatal asphyxia (79.4%), low birth weight (LBW: 55.9%), and infections (41.2%). The associated risk factors were lack of antenatal care [relative risk (RR)=45.18; 95% confidence interval (CI)=7.80, 261.60]; prolonged rupture of membranes (RR=4.47; 95% CI=1.95, 10.25); maternal peripartal fever (RR=5.42; 95% CI=2.35, 12.52); prematurity (RR=7.53; 95% CI=4.91, 11.55); and LBW (RR=5.50; 95% CI=3.88, 7.80). Conclusion NMR is high among hospital live births in Ibadan. There is a need for programs encouraging the use of antenatal care, improving skills on neonatal resuscitation and care of LBW infants; as well as implementation of community-based newborn survival strategies.
LABOUR INSPECTION VARIABLES AS CORRELATES OF DECENT WORK AGENDA IN EXTRACTIVE AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA
(2011) SAMUEL OLU-ADAMS AJAKAYE
In response to daunting global challenges of quality of work life (QWL), the International Labour Organisation (ILO) initiated Decent Work Agenda (DWA), (suitable and productive working environment), to protect vulnerable employees and the working poor. Although previous studies have focused more on sweeping labour standards violations at work, they do not examine labour inspection (LI) system as a potent instrument for implementing DWA towards improving QWL. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which LI variables (LI visits, labour law enforcement, safety monitoring, industrial relations, dispute resolution, intelligence monitoring) influenced compliance with DWA in selected extractive and manufacturing industries. The Descriptive survey research design of the ex post facto type was adopted. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 1033 employees from 8 industries on the basis of minimum number of 50 employees in each organisation (456-Extractive Industry; 557-Manufacturing Industry), in Lagos and Ogun states given the high concentration of industries in the two states. Two instruments: LI Questionnaire (r = 0.75) and DWA Scale (r = 0.82) were used for data collection. These were complemented with a semi-structured Interview Guide. Thirteen In-depth Interview (IDI) sessions were held with Labour Officers, Personnel Officers and Union Leaders. Four research questions were raised and answered and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t- Test and Multiple regression.IDI data were content analysed. LI variables significantly correlated (R=.61) with DWA (F (5, 1032) = 148.03; p<0.05) and accounted for 36% variance in the dependent measure. Components of LI contributed to DWA as follows: LI visit ( = 0.42), labour law enforcement ( = 0.40), safety monitoring ( = 0.26), industrial relations ( = 0.21), dispute resolution ( = 0.19) and intelligence monitoring ( = 0.15). LI correlated with the components of DWA as follows: Employment issues (r = 0.45), Promotion of rights at work (r = 0.42), Social protection issues (r = 0.33) and Social dialogue (r = 0.24). Further, the mediatory functions of governmental and institutional factors significantly correlated (R=.710) with the impacts of LI on DWA (F (2, 1031) = 254.53; p< 0.05). Relatively, their effects were in the following order: Policy support ( = 0.42), Resources ( = 0.38), Political will ( = 0.06) and Institutional capacity ( = 0.03). No significant difference was observed between extractive and manufacturing industries on decent work agenda ( t = 0.23, df= 1031; p>0.05). The IDI result revealed poor labour inspection performance resulting in high decent work deficits in the examined industries. Labour inspection, supported by governmental and institutional factors remains a veritable tool for engendering DWA in extractive and manufacturing industries. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should give these factors priority attention to promote suitable working environment. Future studies could probe into why extractive industry is not more hazardous than manufacturing industry in Nigeria as revealed in this study.
NUTRIENT UTILISATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FED DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED MUCUNA UTILIS MEALS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN-BASED DIET.
(2011) JABEZ BUNMI OLASUNKANMI
High cost of feed and competition between fish and other livestock‟s feed industries necessitate research into low cost, non-conventional feedstuffs for profitable fish farming. The feed potential of Mucuna utilis in this direction has not been documented. The feed potentials of Mucuna utilis and its effects on growth and biochemical parameters of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were therefore investigated. Proximate, mineral composition and level of L-DOPA (3, 4-dihydroxylphenyalanine) in Raw Mucuna Meal (RMM), Cooked Mucuna Meal (CMM) and Toasted Mucuna Meal (TMM) were determined. These were used to substitute soybean meal at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels in 40% crude protein isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 6.60 ± 1.09g) were randomly allotted to the 12 treatments in a 4 by 3 factorial experiment. The experiment was replicated thrice and the fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. The feeding trial lasted for 84 days during which growth and nutrient utilization parameters such as Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), plasma glucose, plasma protein and albumin were determined. Also, histo-pathological evaluations of fish fed MSM supplemented diets were carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein (29.2%), fat (0.7%), fibre (9.6%), Potassium (1.4%), Phosphorus (0.1%) and Iron (132.1mg/kg) were highest in RMM while CMM had the least values. The level of L- DOPA was highest (6.9%) in RMM and lowest in TMM (5.2%). All the fish responded positively to experimental diets with increase in growth ranging from 12.69 ± 2.10g in 30% RMM to 18.48 ± 3.9g in 10% CMM. The MWG (20.98 ± 5.19g), SGR (11.9%), and FCR (2.81 ± 0.29) recorded in fish fed control diet (0% inclusion level) were higher but not significantly different from values obtained in fish fed diets 10% RMM and 10% TMM. Inclusion of Mucuna Seed Meal (MSM) in the diet beyond 20% in all treatments resulted in lower weight gain. Carcass protein increased in all except in fish fed 20% RMM. The PCV increased progressively from 27.0% in the control diet to 37.7% recorded in 30% inclusion level of CMM. Fish in 20% RMM had the highest WBC (8.20 X 103 ± 0.59mm3 ) value while the lowest value (1.01 X 103 ± 1.29mm3 ) was obtained in 20% inclusion level of TMM. There were no significant differences in the plasma glucose in all the treatments compared to the control value of 39.33 ± 9.24mg/l. Feeding MSM-based diets at 30% inclusion level in all the processed forms resulted in severe vacuolation of the hepatocytes of the liver and spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum of the brain. Mucuna seed meals have good potential as feed ingredient in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Substitution of Mucuna seed meal as a replacement for soybean meal beyond 20% may lead to serious nutritional and health hazards to the fish.
BROADCAST MEDIA ORGANISATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF COMMUNAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN OYO AND LAGOS STATES, NIGERIA
(2011) OmoladeObukohwo SANNI
Communal conflicts are on the increase in Nigeria with attendant negative consequences. The reportage of these conflicts brings about constraints in their management and sometimes aggravates the situation. This necessitates the interoperability of the broadcast media organisations in their reporting to enhance information sharing and consistency. Previous studies havefocused more on different strategies used in Communal Conflict Management (CCM), while few have considered the contributions of interoperability factors among the broadcast media in managing such conflicts. This study, therefore,determined Broadcast Media OrganisationalInteroperability Factors (BMOIF) as predictors of communal conflict management in Oyo and Lagos states, Nigeria. It also examined the effectiveness of the broadcast media. The study adopted survey design. Oyo and Lagos states were purposively selected because of the presence of federal, state and privately owned media organisations. Three radio and television stations were purposively selected from each of the two states. ‗Amuludun‘, Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS), and Splash FM radio stations, and Nigeria Television Authority (NTA), BCOS and Galaxy television stations in Oyo State; and Bond FM, Radio Lagos, Raypower FM radio stations and NTA Lagos, Lagos Television and Television Continental from Lagos State. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 303 broadcast journalists; 958 community representatives from four (two from each state) purposively selected high conflict-prone local government areas. Media Personnel and Audience CCM Checklists, BMOIF (r=0.97) andBroadcast Media Effectiveness (BME)(r=0.99)scales were used for data collection.These were complemented with 12 and eight sessions of In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion respectively with selected journalists and community representatives. Data were subjected to content analysis, descriptive statistics,Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressionat 0.05 level of significance. Usage of interoperable communication (r=.87), technology (r=.86) and training (r=.85) had positive significant correlation with CCM while governance and standard operating procedure did not. The BMOIF significantly predicted CCM (F(5, 297)=194.64,R=.88); accounting for 76.6% of its variance. Usage of interoperable communication (β=.49) and technology (β=.27) had relative significant contributions to CCM while governance, standard operating procedure and training had none. The BME indices had relative significant contributions to CCM as follows: programme timing (β=.71), programme content (β=-.58) and audience reach (β=.35) while language, news coverage area, frequency of programme and reception had none. About 62.0% of Lagos State respondents indicated Television Continental as the most effective broadcast station that disseminated programmes that promote CCM and 59.8% indicated Splash FM in Oyo State. The challenges affecting broadcast media interoperability were: incessant power failure ( =3.21), telecommunication network failure ( =3.17), inadequate funding ( =3.17), inadequate protection of journalists ( =3.09) and old communication equipment ( =3.05). Although there were perceived advantages of interoperability in terms of easy interpersonal communication, online streaming of news; yet there was inadequacy of training opportunities. Usage of interoperable communication and technology positively influenced the management of communal conflicts in Oyo and Lagos states. There is a need to improve their usage to enhance the use of broadcast media organisationsin communal conflict management
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLLEGIATE SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION IN COLLEGES OF MEDICINE IN NIGERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES
(2012) Matthew Akheafe ITAKPE
The collegiate system of administration was introduced into the Nigerian university system to ensure synchronization, decentralization and democratization of operations and devolution of powers. It is expected to aid the process of decision making and implementation as against the bureaucratic problems associated with the faculty system of administration. In spite of these advantages, the collegiate system in Nigeria universities is practised only in the colleges of medicine. Even in these colleges, little priority has been given to independent assessment of the system. This study, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of the collegiate system of administration in Colleges of Medicine in Nigerian Federal Universities. The study adopted survey research design. Two thousand, two hundred and twenty-eight respondents consisting of 385 management, 748 academic, and 1095 non-academic members of staff were selected using stratified random sampling technique from the Universities of Ibadan, Benin and Nsukka. Collegiate System of Administration Assessment Scale with six sub-scales: Decentralisation, Devolution of Powers and Delegation Scale (r = 0.73), Decision making and Implementation Scale (r = 0.69), University Image Scale (r = 0.82), Expansion of Scale of Operations Scale (r = 0.88), Coordination and Cross- Fertilisation of Disciplines Scale (r = 0.91) and Assessment of Resources Requirements Scale (r = 0.78), was used. These were complemented with nine Key Informant Interview (KII) sessions with the sampled staff. Five research questions were raised and answered. Quantitative/qualitative data were analyzed using chi square and content analysis respectively. A high percentage of respondents were of the opinion that collegiate system of administration was effective for decentralization of university operations (85%), devolution of powers (83%) and delegation of authority and responsibility (82%). Acceleration of the process of decision making and implementation accounted for (84%) coordination and cross fertilization of related disciplines (84%) and realization of the academic objectives of the universities (86%). Among the three colleges sampled, respondents from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan were most favourably disposed to the collegiate system of administration in terms of decentralization of university operations (x2 =28.41, df = 6 p<0.05) devolution of powers (x2 =13.42, df = 6 p<0.05), acceleration of the process of decision making and implementation (x2 = 14.72 df = 6 p<0.05). The KII showed that the respondents, generally, were favourably disposed to collegiate system of administrations. Moreover, they were of the opinion that the system had impacted positively on the administration of colleges of medicine in Nigerian federal universities but that there is evidence of lack of proper understanding of the rules guiding the system. The collegiate system positively enhanced the decision making and implementation, decentralization, devolution of powers, delegation of authority, cross-fertilization of disciplines, images of universities and their colleges of medicine and the expansion of scale of their operations. Therefore, Government and the university management should ensure that every arm of the federal universities in Nigeria embrace the use of the collegiate system of administration, while the training and retraining of staff should be vigorously pursued to ensure proper effectiveness of the system.
THE REFERRAL SYSTEM AND FEEDBACK PROCESS BY MEDICAL CONSULTANTS AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN.
(2012) VICTORIA OLUWABUNMI OLADOYIN
Referral is an essential two-way process linking the three tiers of health care together. Lack of feedback is a common constraint to the proper functioning of the referral process and information is lacking on the factors which affect this process. This study was therefore designed to assess the knowledge, level of practice as well as the factors influencing the feedback process in the two-way referral system by medical consultants at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. A cross-sectional study of all medical consultants (82) who routinely receive referrals and actively provide specialized patient care at the University College Hospital, Ibadan was carried out. Using a self-administered questionnaire, information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice and the factors affecting the two-way referral process was obtained from respondents. Validation was done by assessing all new patients’ records (1,207) in their clinics. Knowledge scores ranged between 0-8, scores of 0-4 were classified as poor knowledge and 5-8 as good knowledge. Chi-square test was used to determine association between categorical variables at 5% level of statistical significance. The mean age of the respondents was 46.5 ±7.5 years, 64.6% of the respondents were males and 51.2% had 15-24 years working experience as a doctor. The respondents included were surgeons (17.1%), dentists (15.9%), paediatricians (14.6%), physicians (12.2%), obstetrician and gynaecologists (9.8%), psychiatrists (6.1%), community health physicians (6.1%), haematologists (6.1%), radiotherapists (4.9%), ophthalmologists (3.7%), and otorhinolaryngologists (3.7%). Although 84.1% of the respondents had good knowledge of the two-way referral system, only 56.1% reported sending feedbacks. Evidence of feedbacks was available however in only 9.7% of case notes. The decision to send feedbacks was based on the reason for referral and detail of clinical information supplied by the referring healthcare provider as reported by 42.7% and 32.9% of the respondents respectively. Ignorance of the existence of the feedback system (14.6%), lack of commitment to the practice of sending feedbacks (13.4%), inadequate resources (11.0%) and a heavy patient load (9.8%) were identified by respondents as challenges to the two-way referral system. Most (97.6%) of the respondents believed that there was a need to improve the feedback system. Working experience was significantly and positively associated with sending of feedbacks. Feedback was also significantly associated with the existence of a coordinating system for referrals within the departments. Feedbacks were given more on outpatients than inpatients. Feedbacks from Ophthalmologists were significantly higher than those from other consultants. A feedback was also more likely if the information on the referral letter to the consultants contained detailed information. Knowledge about the two-way referral system was high in the study population but the feedback practice was poor. There is a need for a mechanism to monitor referrals, provide adequate resources and re-orientate medical consultants about the feedback.
MOBILISATION STRATEGIES AND PROJECT PARTNERSHIP AS PREDICTORS OF SUSTAINABLE SELF-HELP PROJECTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
(2012) ABIODUN OLUFEMI OLAWUNI
Research evidence shows there is a dire need for the involvement and participation of people in every stage of self- help project lifecycle to ensure sustainability. In order to achieve this, emphasis should be placed on effective mobilisation strategies. Though there is vast literature on citizen mobilisation and participation in community development, there is little emphasis on the effectiveness of the actual mobilisation strategies adopted and the extent to which the local community people partner with other stakeholders at each stage of self-help project lifecycle. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which mobilisation strategies (Development information network, community education, popular theatre and age grade) and project partnership (initiation, planning and designing, funding, execution, monitoring and evaluation) predict sustainability of self-help projects in Oyo, Ogun and Ondo states of Southwestern Nigeria. The survey research design of the ex-post facto type was adopted. One thousand, two hundred and seventeen respondents were selected using proportional stratified random sampling technique. These comprise Political / Opinion leaders, 326; Religious leaders, 241; Youth leaders, 270; Non-governmental organisation officials, 102; Community members, 152 and Change-agents, 126. Three instruments: Mobilisation Strategies Scale, r=0.84; Project’s Partnership Scale, r=0.78; and Self- help Project’s Sustainability Scale, r=0.82; were used. These were complemented with six sessions each of Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. Three research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Mobilisation strategies and project partnership significantly correlated, R=.402 with sustainability of self- help projects (F (5, 1211) = 29.957; p< 0.05) and with mobilisation strategies recording the highest contribution. They jointly accounted for 16% to the variance of the dependent measure. Relatively, mobilisation strategies contributed as follows: Development information network (β = .244); community education (β = .157); popular theatre (β = -.108); and age grade (β = .090). While project partnership factors ranked in the following order: project initiation (β =0.407; t=13.804 P<0.05); planning and designing (β=0.143; t=4.998; P<0.05); funding (β =-.290; t=-9.018; P<0.05); execution (β=-5.593E-02; t=-2.616; P<0.05); monitoring and evaluation (β=0.108; t=5.807; P<0.05). Further, the results revealed that mobilisation strategies were adopted for use as ranked: Development information network (β=25.13); Community education (β=23.29); Popular theatre (β =33.13); and Age grade (β=29.84). The Qualitative findings further showed that participants believed the usage of appropriate mobilisation strategy and maximum cooperation with development partners were essential ingredients for self- help project’s sustainability and that, project initiation was the joint effort of community developers; community people were empowered through acquisition of skills; effective provision of development information helped in sharing of ideas. Development information network, community education, popular theatre and age grade were effective mobilisation strategies for enhancing optimum citizen participation in all stages of projects’ life cycle. Therefore, developmental planners should give priority to elements of mobilisation strategies that could bring about full involvement and cooperation of the local community in every stage of projects in Southwestern Nigeria.
Epidemiology of date rape among female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(2012) Ogunwale A; Oshiname F
COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES AS PREDICTORS OF PEACE-BUILDING IN COMMUNITIES OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION, NIGERIA
(2013) MABEL OVIGUE OYITSO
The reported neglect of the region over the years and resultant agitations and communal unrest has led to destruction of lives and properties. Past efforts at resolving the crises have focused on the multinational activities and interventions, government interventions and youth empowerment programmes without considering the use of community based institutions and cultural practices. Yet these institutions and cultural practices have been found to be effective mechanism for conflict resolution. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which community- based institutions (traditional councils of chiefs, peace committees, age grade system, stakeholders‟ meetings and community development committees) and cultural practices (oath taking, taboo system, oracle consultation and festivals) predict peace-building in the Niger Delta Region. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Stratified proportional random sampling technique was used to select 1466 respondents (71 traditional rulers, 830 adult inhabitants, 410 youths, 90 nongovernmental organisation officials, 65 community development committee members (CDC)) from three local government areas in each of Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers States. Three instruments were used namely Community Based-Institutions and Peace-building questionnaire (r= 0.76), Cultural Practices and Peace-building questionnaire (r=0.84) and Communal Peace-building questionnaire (r=0.79). These were complemented with 13 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and three sessions of Key Informant Interview (KII) held with a chief, health officer and head of the joint security task force. Seven research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Multiple regression analysis, t- test and percentages were used for data analysis. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Community based institutions and cultural practices correlated positively with peace-building in the region(R= 0.832) and they jointly explained 69.1%, the variance in the dependent measure. The order of the relative contributions of the factors to peace-building is as follows: oath taking (β=.450), taboo system (β=.358), festival (β=.199), age grade system (β=.112), oracle consultation (β=.076), community development committee (β=.061), peace committee (β=.049), traditional council of chiefs (β=.048) and stakeholder‟s meeting (β=.043). All the nine factors predicted peace-building in the region: traditional council of chiefs (B=-.021; t= 2.403; p<.05), peace committee (B=-.027; t= 2.61 p< 0.05); taboo system (B=1.650, t= 14.176; p<.05), festival (B=.948; t=7.811; p<.05); oracle consultation B=.953; t= 5.216; p<.05), oath taking, (B=2.269 t=29.619; p<.05), age-grade system (B=-.055; t= 6.152; p<.05), stakeholders‟ meeting (B=- .01929; t=2.282; p<.05) and community development committee (B=-.314; t=3.279; p<.05). FGD and KII revealed that the use of community-based institutions and cultural practices would bring peace, unity and development to the region and the people believed that community based institutions are more effective in peace-building than government instituted structures. Also, cultural practices are means of bringing people together and help in curbing crisis in the communities. Community-based institutions enhanced peace-building more than cultural practices in the Niger Delta region. Therefore, all components of community based institutions and cultural practices should be strengthened through training of leaders of various groups on the rudiment of peace- building. It is also recommended that these group leaders be involved in the process of conflict management.
INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAMMES OF MULTINATIONAL OIL CORPORATIONS ON HOST COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA
(2013) ONWEAZU OLUFEMI OKOJI
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) embraces the notion that Multinational Oil Corporations (MNCs) have moral and ethical responsibilities to their host communities. Though past studies on Niger Delta are vast and have generally focused on the activities of MNCs, such as community development programmes, peace building, provision of infrastructural facilities, little attention has been paid to their CSR. The study, therefore, investigated the influence of CSR programmes (Poverty alleviation, vocational scheme, healthcare scheme, infrastructural provision, and peace building) of MNCs on the development of selected host communities in South-south, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design of ex post facto study type. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1126 residents from 12 host communities in Akwa Ibom (AI) and Rivers states (RS), the states were selected because the MNCs operate mainly in the states. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 officials each from Exxon Mobil and Total Exploration. The CSR Inventory (r = 0.74) and Host Communities’ Development Assessment Scale (r = 0.71) were used. These were complemented with 24 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) held with residents of the host communities. Four research questions and three hypotheses were answered and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using mean, t – test and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Qualitative data were content analysed Poverty alleviation, vocational scheme, healthcare scheme, infrastructural provision, educational development and peace building programmes of the MNCs had a significant low relationship with development in the host communities (r = 0.019; p< 0.05). The relationship between each of the CSR programmes and development in the host communities were as follows: Poverty alleviation (r = -0.011; p >0.05), vocational scheme (r = 0.005; p> 0.05), health care (r = -0.014; p>0.05) infrastructure provision(r = 0.001; p>0.05) educational development (r = 0.025; p>0.05) and peace building (r = 0.029; p>0.05). The Corporate Social Responsibility of MNCs conformed to the standards of CSR as follows: corporate integrity (𝑋 =3.67), commitment (𝑋 = 3.69) and morality (𝑋 = 3.23). Significant difference was found between the impacts of the programmes in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States (Crit- t = 1.96; Cal.t = 3.134, df = 1126; p< 0.05). The CSR programmes impacted more on Rivers State in all the programmes than in Akwa Ibom State. The results of the CSR programmes of the MNC in the two states were as follows; Poverty alleviation, AI (𝑋 = 12.4000); RS (𝑋 = 13.5389). Vocational skills, AI (𝑋 =16.7625); RS (𝑋 =19.4329); Healthcare, AI (𝑋 = 6.9089); RS (𝑋 = 7.3905); Infrastructure, AI (𝑋 = 5.6482); RS (𝑋 = 6.4346); Educational development, AI (𝑋 = 12.4161); RS (𝑋 =14.1307); Peace building, AI (𝑋 =3.8589), RS (𝑋 =3.8993). The level of participation of host communities in the programmes of MNCs in South-south was low despite efforts of the corporations to improve their living conditions. Thus, for the programmes to be successful, the host communities should be involved in the planning and identification of priorities of needs before programmes execution
Evaluation of directly observed treatment short courses at a secondary health institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria
(2013) Adegoke OA; Orokotan OA
Objective To evaluate the success rate of tuberculosis intervention programme at a specialist hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria through a retrospective study as well as carry out physicochemical evaluation of anti-tuberculous agents as a way of eliminating drug-related failure. Methods The retrospective study involved the use of quarterly tuberculosis central register at the Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan between 1st quarter (2003) to 4th quarter (2009). Relevant data were extracted from these register with the aid of data collection forms. The basic physicochemical analyses of the drugs given to the patients were also carried out using the International Pharmacopoeia methods. Results All the drugs examined for their physicochemical properties passed the International Pharmacopeia recommended tests. A total number of 1 260 patients enrolled at the hospital were assessed through case notes. This comprises of 59.4% males of which 69.23% new cases were also males. There was a significant (P0.05). Failure rates in all categories were higher in males than females (P>0.05). Conclusions More enlightenment and counseling is still required to meet up with the target for TB control.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION OF FEMALES IN PART-TIME NCE PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
(2013) Oluyemisi Bamidele SANNI
The scraping of the Teachers Grade II certificate programme places great responsibilities on Nigerian Colleges of Education (COEs) in providing manpower with the minimum entry qualification to enter into the teaching profession in the country. The increasing demands for the Nigeria Certificate of Education (NCE) have forced COEs to establish part-time programmes with flexible admission criteria. Despite this, there exists low participation of women in these programmes; a situation partly attributed to the dominance of socio-cultural and economic factors. Although, studies exist on students’ participation in part-time NCE programmes, none has specifically focused on how socio-cultural and economic factors determine female participation in the programme. This study, therefore, investigated socio-cultural and economic factors as determinants of participation of female students in part-time NCE programmes in South-Western Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The multi-stage random sampling procedure was used in selecting 1024 female NCE students in Cohorts 1 – 4 in the School of Education across four centres each from three selected COEs. Data were collected using Female Participation Questionnaire with five sub-scales: Social Factors Scale (r = 0.81), Cultural Factors Scale (r = 0.93), Economic Factors Scale (r = 0.74), Participation Scale (r = 0.69) and Females Academic Performance Scale (r = 0.86). This was complemented with 12 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with selected female part-time NCE learners. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and content analysis. Socio-cultural and economic factors significantly correlated with participation of female students in part-time NCE programmes (F (3, 1021) = 146.25, R2 = 0.50; p < 0.05); with relative contributions as ranked: economic factors (β = 0.52), social factors (β = 0.20) and cultural factors (β = 0.30). Social factors contributions in order of magnitude were parents encouragement (β = 0.89), parental level of education (β = 0.84), peers’ influence (β = 0.81), family background (β = 0.73), availability of female role models (β = 0.70), spouse level of education (β = 0.27), spouse’s encouragement (β = 0.11). Similarly, cultural factors’ contributions were: submissiveness to parental instructions (β = 0. 86), gender identity/labelling (β = 0.69), house responsibilities/chores (β = 0.20), spouse instructions (β = 0.14), practice of female seclusion (β = 0.10), early marriage (β = 0.09). Also, relative contributions of economic factors were: financial support (β = 0.51), parental occupation (β = 0.42), spouse occupation (β = 0.35) and cost of programme (β = 0.23). FGD revealed that marriage is the bane of their schooling. However, the motivating impetus for female participation in the programmes are the encouragement from parents, peers, role models and availability of financial supports. Parental background, encouragement, level of education, peers’ influence, availability of female role models, and availability of financial support were potent factors in enhancing participation of females in part-time Nigerian Certificate of Education programme. Therefore, there is the need for less culture-consciousness and spousal sensitization as well as reduction in cost of schooling to encourage participation of females in part-time Nigerian Certificate of Education programmes.
EFFECTS OF FUNDING, STAFF TRAINING, PRESERVATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL ON NEWSPAPER UTILISATION IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA
(2013) OLATUNDUN OLUWATOYIN OYEWUMI
Newspapers are sources of information on topical and current issues, stocked by libraries for use but due to their nature, they are susceptible to deterioration much faster than other printed materials. University libraries, therefore, have the challenge of preserving newspapers for posterity, quick access and use. Existing studies have dealt with newspaper preservation but there is a dearth of studies on effects of funding, staff training, preservation and bibliographic control on newspaper utilisation. This study, therefore, investigated effects of funding, staff training, preservation and bibliographic control on newspaper utilisation in university libraries in Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 14 (out of 25) federal and 15 (out of 28) state universities from all public universities in Nigeria in 2010. Twenty-nine serial librarians and 50 users from each of the selected universities participated in the study. The instruments used were two questionnaires, one for the serial librarians and the other for the users, interview checklist and observation schedule. The questionnaire on serial librarians had scales on funding (r=0.65), staff training (r=0.68), preservation and bibliographic control (r=0.71), while that of the users had scale on newspaper utilisation (r=0.71). Two hundred copies of 16 titles of different national newspapers were sampled and inspected in each of the universities to verify their level of deterioration. Nine research questions were raised and six hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment correlation, multiple regression and content analysis. There was a significant relationship between preservation of newspapers and newspaper utilisation (r=0.264,p<0.05), newspaper utilisation and bibliographic control of newspapers (r=0.514,p<0.05); and between newspaper utilisation and funding of newspapers (r=0.516,p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between newspaper utilisation and staff training on preservation. Funding, staff training, preservation and bibliographic control of newspapers jointly influenced newspaper utilisation in university libraries in Nigeria and accounted for 3.2% of the variance on newspaper utilisation. The four factors when combined made significant contribution to newspaper utilisation (F(4;24)=4.37,p<0.05). The contributions of these factors were as follows: preservation (β=0.308), bibliographic control of newspaper (β=0.227), funding (β=0.117) and staff training (β=0.025). Funding of newspapers in federal university was (x=N500,000) and state (x=N100,000). The interview revealed that newspaper subscription and preservation were not adequately funded and staff training in both federal and state universities was inadequate. However, funding of newspapers in federal universities was relatively better than in state universities. It was revealed that majority of users from all the universities consulted newspapers frequently. Observation guide showed that newspapers were not well preserved to provide quick access to them in both federal and state universities. Funding, staff training on preservation and bibliographic control positively influence the shelve life of newspapers in both federal and state universities. Therefore, university librarians should sustain and improve on preservation and bibliographic control of newspapers to extend their shelve life and provide quick access to them due to their role as information resources.
TEAMWORK AND TRAINING VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS OF WORKERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
(2013) ANNE EMMANUEL, OMORI
There has been persistent poor performance among workers in public organisations in Cross River State of Nigeria over the years. The trend is exacerbated by lack of teamwork and unsystematic training programmes. Previous studies have focused more attention on staff performance appraisal, commitment and job involvement with less attention paid to the combined effects of teamwork (communication, team-spirit, recognition, collaboration) and training (training needs identification, plan, design, delivery, evaluation variables) on workers’ performance. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which teamwork and training variables predicted workers’ performance in public organisations in Cross River State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design of ex-post facto type was employed. Cluster sampling technique was adopted to divide the public service into Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 ministries, 10 departments and five agencies. These MDAs were stratified along three job cadres, namely: 221 junior, 574 senior and 273 managerial. A total of 1,068 respondents were randomly selected to represent the entire population of public servants in Cross River State. Participants were 584 males and 484 females. Teamwork Variables (r = 0.87), Workers’ Training variables (r = 0.78) and Workers’ Performance Rating (r = 0.86) scales were used for data collection. These were complemented with in-depth interview with selected 15 public service workers across the three cadres in MDAs. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance; while the qualitative data were content analysed. Workers’ performance was: managerial (44.90 ± 1.21), senior (44.23 ± 2.42) and junior (43.13 ± 2.22) cadres. Teamwork and training variables had a significant joint prediction of workers’ performance in public service (R2 = .070, F(9, 1068) = 8.794,) and accounted for 7% in its variance. There was a significant joint prediction of teamwork variables on workers’ performance (R2 = .037, F(4, 1068) = 10.306) and accounted for 3.7% in its variance. Training variables had a significant joint prediction of workers’ performance (R2 = .033, F(5, 1065) = 7.258) and accounted for 3.3% of its variance. Communication (β = -.099, t = -2.792), team-spirit (β = .058, t = 1.565), recognition (β = .104, t = 3.228) and collaboration (β = .134, t = 3.726) had relative contributions to workers’ performance. Training needs identification (r = .112), training design (r = .78), training plan (r = .019) and training evaluation (r = .045) had significant positive relationships with workers’ performance, while training delivery did not. Teamwork (communication, team-spirit, recognition, collaboration) and training (training needs identification, plan, design, delivery, evaluation) variables positively influenced workers’ performance in public organisations of Cross River State, Nigeria. Adequate consideration should be given to these variables so as to improve workers’ performance in public organisations. Attention should be given to employees’ personal characteristics in motivating them to higher performance level.
INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AS DETERMINANTS OF CULTURAL RESURGENCE IN YORUBA SOCIETIES OF OYO AND OSUN STATES, NIGERIA
(2013) SARAFA ADENIYI ALIMI
Indigenous Communication System (ICS) has been identified as an indispensable cultural tool for strengthening ties between elders and youths that can lead to effective promotion and transition of cultural heritage from one generation to the other. Despite the relevancy of ICS into African cultural heritage, previous studies have consentrated more on the importance of modern communication system in Yoruba communities than the ICS. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of indigenous communication system (ideographics, proverbs, folk stories, ‘aroko’ system and folk music) on cultural resurgence in Yoruba communities of Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,204 respondents comprising: 671 males and 533 females from 12 purposively selected Yoruba indigenous communities in six towns in Oyo state (Aaje, Olugbode, Alapinni, Sakutu, Oje and Babasale) and Osun States (Lagere, Iremo, Okegada, Isale Oja, Isale Osun and Ailie). Two instruments were used: Indigenous Communication System Scale (r=0.79) and Cultural Resurgence Questionnaire (r=0.92). These were complemented with 12 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with adult inhabitants; one each in the 12 selected communities. Four research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were subjected to percentages, chi-square, Pearson Product Moment correlation and content analysis. Indigenous communication systems significantly influenced cultural resurgence in Yoruba communities ( 2 =628.00, P<0.05). They correlated with cultural resurgence as follows: folk music (r=0.04), folk stories (r=0.36), proverbs (r=0.28), ‘aroko’ system (r=0.22); while ideograph did not. This shows that cultural resulgency in Yoruba communities is more associated with folk music, folk stories, proverbs and ‘aroko’ system. Folk music (42.0%), folk stories (31.0%) and proverbs (27.0%) serve as the prominent outlets, vehicles and media of Yoruba thoughts, feelings, emotions and ideas which give expression to culture. Adoption and usage of ICS correlated with age (r=0.79) and nature of occupation (r=0.56). Indigenous Communication Systems were mostly common among older males. Despite its importance, ICS were deeply enshrined in coding, symbols, abstract forms, spiritualities, secret and hence the difficulties in their understanding, interpretations and sustainability. This led to the negative attitudes and apathy towards them particularly among emerging generations. Besides, there was evidence of neglects of communal living, spirit of brotherliness and family-ties. Folk music, folk stories, proverbs, and ‘aroko’ system forms of indigenous communication system positively enhanced cultural resurgence in Yoruba communities. However, in order to ensure better understanding, easy interpretation and effective sustainability of Yoruba culture, there is the need to simplify the decoding and interpretations of most of the indigenous communication systems. Yoruba folk music and stories should be encouraged and promoted more among the younger generation. Particularly its use and interpretions must be popularised through the modern media.

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