Ahmadu Bello University

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Browsing Ahmadu Bello University by Author "Abubakar A"

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    A controlled study to investigate anti-diarrhoeal effect of the stem-bark fractions of Terminalia avicennioides in laboratory animal models
    (2017) Suleiman MM; Oyelowo BB; Abubakar A; Mamman M; Bello KD
    Due to the shortcomings associated with modern synthetic antidiarrhoeal drugs, it is important to find newer, safer and cheaper antidiarrhoeal agents from natural sources. The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-diarrhoeal activity of the fractions of the stem-bark of Terminalia avicennioides in laboratory animal models. The effect of different concentrations (1.0×10−3, 2.0×10−3, 4.0×10−3 and 8.0×10−3mg/mL) of the aqueous methanol (AMF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hexane (HXF) fractions of T. avicennioides were tested against spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum as well as on histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. Similarly, the effects of the AMF on gastro-intestinal transit time, castor oil-induced diarrhoea and castor oil-induced enteropooling were evaluated. The AMF, EAF and HXF at concentrations of 1.0×10−3, 2.0×10−3, 4.0×10−3 and 8.0×10−3mg/mL attenuated the contractile effects of both the spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum and that of histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. The AMF at doses of 200, 300 and 500mg/kg produced significant (p<0.05) reductions in gastrointestinal transit time of charcoal and incidence of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice relative to the untreated control. Similarly, at doses of 300 and 500mg/kg, AMF significantly (p<0.05) reduced the weight and volume of intestinal fluid in the treated mice when compared to the untreated animals. The results of this study showed that the stem-bark of T. avicennioides possesses spasmolytic effect and could be a potential antidiarrhoeal agent. However, detailed pharmacological trials are required to justify the clinical use of the plant for treating diarrhoea.
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    A Descriptive Epidemiology of Cholera Outbreak in Katsina State, Nigeria, 2021
    (2022) Suleiiman SY; Idris AS; Suleiman K; Abubakar A; Ruma MT; Haladu S; Kaita IM; Ibrahim UB
    Purpose Cholera is a highly infectious enteric bacterial infection cause by Vibrio cholerae. It causes large outbreaks characterized by watery diarrhea and vomiting. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of the ongoing cholera outbreak in Katsina State, Nigeria Methods & Materials We analyzed the Katsina State cholera outbreak surveillance data collected from the State Primary Healthcare Agency. We described cholera cases in time, place, and person. We calculated age specific case fatality rates and attack rates. Results A total of 5796 cases were recorded with 182 deaths and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.1%. The median age for cases was 18 years (range: 0.17-95 years). Male cases were 2798 (50.5%). The attack rate was 66.2 per 100,000. Persons greater than 60 years had the highest age specific case fatality rate (ASCFR) of 6.9%. The outbreak started in Bakori in week 12 and is still ongoing. Thirty-three Local Government Areas were affected with Funtua having the highest attack rate of 460.4 per 100,000 and case fatality rate of 10.3%. Conclusion The cholera outbreak has caused a significant loss of lives in Katsina State. Persons above 60 years were the most affected. Katsina Primary Healthcare Agency deployed rapid response teams to investigate and control the spread of the outbreak. Risk communication messages emphasized on improvement of hygiene in the state. We recommend Katsina State government should prioritize provision of clean drinking water and sewage drainage system in the affected areas to control the outbreak
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    Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium tubers in murine model of pain: Possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels
    (2020) Abubakar A; Nazifi AB; Odoma S; Shehu S; Danjuma NM
    The tubers of Chlorophytum alismifolium are used in Nigerian Herbal Medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus, painful and inflammatory conditions. The antinociceptive activity has been validated but the mechanism of this activity is yet to be explored. This study therefore, aimed to investigate the probable mechanism(s) of the antinociceptive activity of C. alismifolium tubers using experimental animal model of pain. HPLC and GC-MS analyses were carried out on the extract. Antinociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing response test in mice. Three groups of mice were orally administered distilled water (10 ml/kg), C. alismifolium (400 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) 60 min before administration of acetic acid and the resulting writhing were counted for 10 min. To establish the probable mechanism(s) of action of C. alismifolium, separate groups of animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with naloxone (2 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) 15 min before C. alismifolium administration. HPLC chromatogram of the extract revealed seventeen characteristic peaks with retention times ranging between 2.1 and 7.4 min. Administration of C. alismifolium significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the mean number of writhes compared to control group. Pretreatment with yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) reduced the antinociceptive activity of extract-alone treated group. However, pretreatment with prazosin, naloxone and propranolol showed no effect on its analgesic activity. The findings from this research revealed the possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels in the antinociceptive activity of Chlorophytum alismifolium tuber extract.
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    Benign prostatic hyperplasia in a 23year old man with progeroid syndrome
    (2018) Ahmed M; Lawal AT; Bello A; Abubakar A; Maitama HY
    Introduction Progeroid syndromes are characterized by accelerated aging and early development of diseases typically associated with aging. Premature development of tumors including BPH, maybe observed in these patients, which can lead to significant bladder outlet obstruction. Observation The index patient was a 23year old man who presented to us with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), features of obstructive nephropathy and was noticed to have been aging rapidly. He had features of premature aging, bilateral cataract and enlarged benign prostate (BPH). He eventually succumbed to obstructive nephropathy and urosepsis. Conclusion Progeroid syndromes may be associated with premature development of obstructive BPH.