Browsing by Author "Oyetunde JS"

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    Comparative effects of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid on haematological and histopathological changes induced by subchronic lead toxicity in male wistar rats
    (2022) Usman A; Kawu MU; Shittu M; Saleh A; Jolayemi KO; Ibrahim NB; Oyetunde JS; Okoronkwo MO
    This work was aimed at comparing the effects of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MLEMO) and ascorbic acid (AA) on haematological changes induced by subchronic lead (Pb) toxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 6 rats per group. Group I received distilled water (2 mL/kg) whereas, groups II, III, IV, V and VI were administered Pb (190 mg/kg), Pb+AA (100 mg/kg), Pb+MLEMO (500 mg/kg), Pb+AA+MLEMO and Pb+AA (50 mg/kg) +MLEMO (250 mg/kg) respectively. All agents were administered daily by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. Inappetence, facial swelling, emaciation, back arching and nasal discharge were observed only in group II animals. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) in group II compared to other groups. The leucocyte counts were higher (P<0.05) in group II compared to group V. However, platelet counts were lower (P<0.001) in group II compared to group V. Results from this study, showed that co-administration of MLEMO (250 mg/kg) and AA (50 mg/kg) exert more ameliorative effects in Pb-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats.
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    In vitro assay and in vivo effect of artemisinin in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected Wistar rats
    (2021) Jolayemi KO; Mamman M; Sani D; Okoronkwo MO; Usman A; Udechukwu CC; Oyetunde JS
    Background Control of the trypanosomosis has been targeted towards vector control or by the use of antitrypanosomal drugs such as diminazene aceturate and isometamidium with reports of toxicity and relapse following treatment. Hence, the need for continuous research for a safe, efficacious and less toxic drug. In previous studies, artemisinin has shown antitrypanosomal effects against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and also against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) in vitro. This period of drug repurposing has led to scientists searching for ways of utilising artemisinin because of its reported multifunctionality and ability to mediate several targets that are important for different diseases. Purpose To evaluate the in vivo effects of artemisinin against T. b. brucei following the in vitro assay. Methods Previously to perform the in vivo assays, the in vitro effects of artemisinin on the T. b. brucei trypomastigotes growth were assessed. The in vivo effects were tested on Wistar rats at doses 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. All Wistar rats were euthanised at the end of the experiment; kidney, lung, liver and brain samples were harvested and processed for histopathological examination. Results Complete cessation (p < 0.001) of trypanosomal motility in vitro by 2 and 20 µg/µl artemisinin between 10 to 60 min was observed when compared to the controls. Artemisinin showed an IC50 value of 0.42 µg/µl while the positive control drug diminazene aceturate displayed a lower activity with IC50 of 2.99 µg/µl. Level of parasitaemia and survival rate showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in treated groups compared to group II (Infected and untreated). Mean packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in all infected groups and returned to almost pre-infection values following treatment. Histopathological evaluation showed artemisinin to prevent the distortion of normal architecture of the selected organs. Conclusions In vitro, artemisinin produced a complete inhibition of T. b. brucei motility at 2 and 20 µg/µl. In vivo, artemisinin at 5 and 10 mg/kg prevented histoarchitecture damage of selected organs and caused an elevated haematological profile.