Browsing by Author "Ojo OA"

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    Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    (2021) Obafemi TO; Jaiyesimi KF; Olomola AA; Olasehinde OR; Olaoye OA; Adewumi FD; Afolabi BA; Adewale OB; Akintayo CO; Ojo OA
    Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.
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    Integrated approach to unsaturated zone characterization as it relates to burial practices and its impact on the immediate environment
    (2022) Ojo OA; Oyelami CA; Fakunle MA; Ogundana AK; Ajayi OE; Uche TE
    Improper sitting positioning of cemeteries in Nigeria is mostly responsible for groundwater pollution. Poor water quality may lead to some communicable diseases in most rural and urban areas of the southwestern part of Nigeria. The environmental impact of cemeteries close to residential areas within the Edunabon metropolis, southwestern part of Nigeria, was assessed. The research is aimed to understand the impact (if any) of the cemetery on the quality of water and soil within the vicinity and to investigate the suitability of soil materials underlying the cemetery as a special lining material. An integrated approach using geotechnical characterization, vertical electrical sounding and groundwater quality assessment was used in the present study. The geotechnical test involved six bulk undisturbed soil samples taken from two borrow pits within the cemetery. Index property tests (grain size distribution, specific gravity, natural moisture content, and Atterberg limits), engineering property tests (compaction test), X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence tests were carried out on the soil samples with their porosities and permeability estimated according to BS 1377. The majority of the study area is a wetland with a topography that descends into a gaining stream around 10 m from the cemetery. The soil of the cemetery is made up of coarse-grained porous lateritic soil, clay, and silt (0.22–3.88 percent), with a significant amount of gravel/sand (73.50–83.96 percent). Except in the control well, water analysis revealed a high total coliform concentration of 14–89 and a total hardness of 86–380 mg/L. When compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard and the Nigerian drinking water standard, the majority of cation concentrations were greater than the safe limits. The depth to contamination correlates to the depth of the aquifer in the research region, according to the results of electrical resistivity. Because of the narrow unsaturated zone, the study found that the position of the cemetery has a high risk of environmental impact on its near vicinity.
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    Phytochemical properties and pharmacological activities of the genus Pennisetum: A review
    (2022) Ojo OA; Ojo AB; Barnabas M; Iyobhebhe M; Elebiyo TC; Evbuomwan IO; Michael T; Ajiboye BO; Oyinloye BE; Oloyede OI
    Background The genus Pennisetum contains remarkable natural bioactive components, and its 140 species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, where they are frequently used for therapeutic purposes such as the treatment of dysentery, fever, diabetes, and abdominal pain by indigenous people. However, the available information for this genus has not been thoroughly researched in terms of their bioactive principles and extracts. Aim of the review The current review provides a profound perception, enhanced understanding, and comprehensive information on the traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, and biological activities of the genus Pennisetum, as well as toxicological perspectives. Furthermore, the significance of ethnopharmacological uses, application, and the beneficial potential of Pennisetum species for the management of a variety of diseases were thoroughly discussed. Materials and methods The significant data of Pennisetum species was obtained through a thorough review of scientific articles published in a variety of databases, including Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, PhD and MSc theses were used in compiling and evaluating data obtained. Results The ethnopharmacological applications of Pennisetum genus plants in various countries were established through detailed analysis of the aforementioned databases and thesis. So far, only a few species' chemical compositions and a total of 35 metabolites (excluding amino acids and fatty acid constituents) have been studied, including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, anthocyanin phenols, terpenoids, and others. The crude extracts were found to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cytotoxic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the significance of ethnopharmacological applications, application, and the positive potential of Pennisetum species for the management of a variety of disorders was thoroughly examined. Conclusions Although there are significant gaps in comprehending the traditional applications in the current available data, Pennisetum spp. are known to be rich in flavonoids, phenols, fatty acids, and amino acids with favorable medicinal characteristics. However, more research into the chemical makeup of innovative plant-derived medications is still needed. Furthermore, high-quality preclinical studies using a unique strategy are needed to assess the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of these plants.