Browsing by Author "Kawu MU"

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    An update on oestrus synchronisation of goats in Nigeria
    (2016) Omontese BO; Rekwot PI; Ate IU; Ayo JO; Kawu MU; Rwuaan JS; Nwannenna AI; Mustapha RA; Bello AA
    This review is aimed at providing information on current status of oestrus synchronization as a management tool in goats in Nigeria. Oestrus synchronisation is a reproductive tool that enables goat farmers breed their animals within a short pre-determined period. The principle of oestrus synchronisation is chiefly the control of the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and two basic mechanisms are employed. These include the use of prostaglandins or its analogues to shorten luteal life/induce premature luteolysis or the use of exogenous progesterone to prolong luteal life, thereby simulating the activity of natural progesterone produced by the corpus luteum. The latter is advantageous where the reproductive status of the flock is unknown. However, the former is easy to apply and only effective in cycling animals. Pharmaceutical products that have been employed in ES protocols in Nigeria include Lutalyse®, Estrumate®, EstroPLAN®, Fluorogestone acetate®, Sil-Oestrus®, Medroxyl-progesterone acetate®, Synchromate-B®, PMSG®, and more recently, the Controlled Internal Drug Release® (CIDR) devices. Over the last three decades, many attempts have been made at assessing the response of goats to various oestrus synchronisation agents and protocols in Nigeria. However, the low availability of these pharmaceutical agents and cost preclude the widespread use of oestrus synchronisation technique in goat production. The inclusion of gonadotrophins in oestrus synchronisation protocols have been reported to improve oestrus responses in goats, while season has been reported to influence the efficiency of oestrus synchronisation programmes. Increasing the dose levels of exogenous hormones in oestrus synchronisation protocols has caused variable and sometimes inconsistent effects. The effects of combining the male stimulus with exogenous hormones, seasonal variation, extra-label use of products and short-term nutritional manipulation on oestrus responses in goats require further evaluation. It is concluded adoption of oestrus synchronisation practice portends enhanced goat production in Nigeria.
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    Comparative effects of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid on haematological and histopathological changes induced by subchronic lead toxicity in male wistar rats
    (2022) Usman A; Kawu MU; Shittu M; Saleh A; Jolayemi KO; Ibrahim NB; Oyetunde JS; Okoronkwo MO
    This work was aimed at comparing the effects of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MLEMO) and ascorbic acid (AA) on haematological changes induced by subchronic lead (Pb) toxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 6 rats per group. Group I received distilled water (2 mL/kg) whereas, groups II, III, IV, V and VI were administered Pb (190 mg/kg), Pb+AA (100 mg/kg), Pb+MLEMO (500 mg/kg), Pb+AA+MLEMO and Pb+AA (50 mg/kg) +MLEMO (250 mg/kg) respectively. All agents were administered daily by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. Inappetence, facial swelling, emaciation, back arching and nasal discharge were observed only in group II animals. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) in group II compared to other groups. The leucocyte counts were higher (P<0.05) in group II compared to group V. However, platelet counts were lower (P<0.001) in group II compared to group V. Results from this study, showed that co-administration of MLEMO (250 mg/kg) and AA (50 mg/kg) exert more ameliorative effects in Pb-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats.
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    Comparative Effects of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid on biochemical changes induced by subchronic lead toxicity in male Wistar rats
    (2022) Usman A; Kawu MU; Shittu M; Saleh A; Bilbonga G
    This experiment was aimed at comparing the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) and ascorbic acid (AA) on biochemical changes induced by subchronic lead (Pb) toxicity in male Wistar rats. A total of 36 adult male Wistar rats were used for the work with grouping and dosing as follows; Group I was given distilled water (2mL) only, Group II rats were administered Pb (190 mg/kg), Group III received Pb (190 mg/kg) + MO (500 mg/kg). While rats in groups IV, V, and VI were administered Pb (190 mg/kg) + AA (100 mg/kg), Pb (190 mg/kg) + MO (500 mg/kg) + AA (100 mg/kg) and Pb (190 mg/kg) + MO (250 mg/kg) + AA (50 mg/kg) respectively. Administration of all agents was done daily by oral gavage for a period of 6 weeks. Result showed decreased alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in group II compared to other groups. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in group II compared to other groups while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly decreased in group II compared to other groups. Total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations were not significantly (P≥0.05) different across all groups. The malondialdehyde concentration in group 2 was higher (P0.05) in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities among groups. This study depicts the detrimental effects of Pb on biochemical parameters in the rats. Treatment with AA (50 mg/kg) and MO (250 mg/kg) gave better amelioration of the toxic effects of Pb.