Browsing by Author "Johnson WB"

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    Burden and spectrum of paediatric respiratory diseases at a referral hospital in North-Central Nigeria - A five year review
    (2020) Ibraheem RM; Aderemi JA; Abdulkadir MB; Johnson WB
    Introduction Globally respiratory diseases, comprising a broad range of disease conditions due to infectious and non-infectious causes, are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Thus, identification of the burden of respiratory illness will ensure appropriate interventions towards reducing its attendant morbidity and mortality. The study was conducted to identify the burden, spectrum and outcome of respiratory diseases in hospitalized children at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, North-Central Nigeria. Methods A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study involving children admitted through the emergency paediatric unit over five years (January 2013-December 2017) was conducted. Data on demography, diagnosis, co-morbidities and complications, duration of admission, and outcome were collected and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results Of the total 7012 children admitted, 1939(27.7%) were due to respiratory diseases with a median age of 16 (interquartile range IQR 7-36) months. Males were 994(51.3%) and 945(48.7%) females. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of admission. Pneumonia (50.1%) and aspiration pneumonitis (5.1%) accounted for the highest admissions due to infective and non-infective respiratory diseases respectively. Overall, respiratory diseases accounted for 20.7% (119/574) of the overall mortality among all admissions while the all-respiratory disease mortality was 6.1% (119/1939). The major contributors to mortality were pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis and tuberculosis accounting for 81(68.1%), 12(10.1%) and nine (7.6%) deaths respectively. The median duration of hospital stay was four days [IQR: 2 to 6 days]. A significantly higher proportion of the deaths occurred with four days of admission and 82.4% of the deaths occurred among those aged less than five years. A higher number of females (70, 58.8%) died compared to males (49, 41.2%), p=0.05. Conclusion Pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis are major contributors to morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases for which interventions towards improving childhood health indices should be prioritized.
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    Socio-demographic and clinical factors predicting time to presentation for children with pneumonia in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (2018) Ibraheem RM; Abdulkadir MB; Gobir AA; Johnson WB
    Background Pneumonia is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children, and the time to presentation is a recognized contributor towards disease severity and outcome. Objectives The current study aimed to explore the influence of some socio-demographic and clinical factors in children with pneumonia on the time to presentation at a health facility in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Materials and method A prospective cross-sectional study of 167 children with pneumonia was done. The duration of the various symptoms and first presentation to a health facility was obtained. Time to presentation was categorized as 0–2days (early), 3–5days (intermediate) and greater than five days (late). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of either early or intermediate presentation compared with late presentation. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Fifty-one (30.5%) children with pneumonia had an early presentation, 73 (43.7%) had intermediate presentation and 43 (25.7%) were late in presentation. Predictors of early presentation were younger age (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.93–0.99), higher respiratory rates (OR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01–1.06) and bronchopneumonia (OR 6.93, 95%CI 1.52–31.63). Predictors of intermediate presentation were families with few number of children (OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.57–0.92) and bronchopneumonia (OR 3.41, 95%C.I. 1.02–11.38). Conclusion Infancy and families with few children are socio-demographic features that are likely to determine early-to-intermediate presentation of children with pneumonia while high respiratory rates and bronchopneumonia are disease related factors that predict early presentation.