Browsing by Author "Falowo OA"

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    Esterification of Khaya senegalensis seed oil with a solid heterogeneous acid catalyst: Modeling, optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
    (2021) Olagbende OH; Falowo OA; Latinwo LM; Betiku E
    The current study investigated the esterification of Khaya senegalensis seed oil (KSSO) with a high free fatty acid (FFA) using ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) as a solid heterogeneous acid catalyst. Taguchi design approach was applied in modeling and optimizing the input variables to obtain the minimum %FFA for the KSSO esterification process. Besides modeling and optimization, the kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the process were carried out to obtain pertinent data required for reactor design. The optimum values with the minimum %FFA (0.49) for the esterification process are a temperature of 60 °C, methanol-to-KSSO ratio of 15:1, ferric sulfate dosage of 9 wt%, and time of 60 min. The reaction of the triglycerides in the KSSO with methanol showed that it followed first-order kinetics. The pre-exponential factor (A), activation energy (Ea), and reaction rate constant (k) for the reaction are 37.73 min-1, 18.11 kJ/mol, and 0.0554 min-1, respectively, at a temperature of 60 °C, indicating that the esterification process proceeded at a fast rate. The thermodynamic properties determined for the process are ΔS§ (entropy), ΔH§ (enthalpy), and ΔG§ (Gibbs free energy) of activation with respective values of – 0.205 kJ/mol.K, 15.34 kJ/mol, and 83.54 kJ/mol, confirming the endergonic, endothermic, and non-spontaneous nature of the reaction. Thus, the determination of key process conditions with the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the KSSO esterification process could aid the use of the oil as a viable feedstock for biodiesel synthesis and reactor design for industrial applications.
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    Influence of nature of catalyst on biodiesel synthesis via irradiation-aided transesterification of waste cooking oil-honne seed oil blend: Modeling and optimization by Taguchi design method
    (2021) Falowo OA; Apanisile OE; Aladelusi AO; Adeleke AE; Oke MA; Enamhanye A; Latinwo LM; Betiku E
    Biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil (WCO) and honne (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil (HSO) blend with heterogeneous (calcined Ba(OH)2 and calcined biomass waste (CBW) from Enterolobium cyclocarpum) and homogeneous (KOH) catalysts via two-step irradiated-transesterification process was evaluated in this study. The modeling and optimization of the two processes were studied using Taguchi orthogonal array technique. The factors considered for the esterification process were methanol/WCO-HSO ratio (10:1–30:1), time (2–8 min), heating power (150–450 W), and H2SO4 dosage (0.5–1.5 wt%). In contrast, the factors considered for the transesterification process were methanol/WCO-HSO ratio (6:1–12:1), time (1–7 min), heating power (150–450 W), and catalyst dosage (1–2.5 wt%). Minimum FFA of 0.50% was attained using methanol/WCO-HSO ratio of 30:1, time of 2 min, heating power of 150 W, and H2SO4 dosage of 1.5 wt%. For the transesterification of WCO-HSO blend, the optimum values are methanol/WCO-HSO ratio of 6:1, time of 1 min, heating power of 450 W, and KOH dosage of 1.75 wt% with a biodiesel yield of 99.4 wt%; methanol/WCO-HSO ratio of 6:1, time of 1 min, heating power of 300 W, and calcined Ba(OH)2 dosage of 1.75 wt% with a biodiesel yield of 98.8 wt%; and methanol/WCO-HSO ratio of 6:1, time of 4 min, heating power of 450 W, and CBW dosage of 1.75 wt% with a biodiesel yield of 100 wt%. The processes catalyzed with synthetic KOH and Ba(OH)2 reached maximum biodiesel yield faster than the crude CBW. The biodiesel quality obtained in this study shows that all three fuels met the American standard specifications and could thus serve as substitutes for fossil diesel.