Browsing by Author "Esievo KA"

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    Age-dependent variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)
    (2021) Orakpoghenor O; Markus TP; Ogbuagu NE; Enam SJ; Oladele SB; Abdu PA; Esievo KA
    In this study, the age-dependent variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of domestic pigeons were evaluated. Sixty apparently healthy domestic pigeons comprising 30 young (2–7 weeks of age) and 30 adult (>7 weeks of age) were sampled from local breeders. Blood was collected from each bird via brachial venipuncture and divided into 2 parts; one part dispensed into labeled tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was processed for haematological analyses. The other part was dispensed into labeled plain tubes, serum harvested and processed for serum biochemical analyses. Results revealed overall packed cells volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HGB) and red blood cells (RBC) of 42.97 ± 4.53%, 13.15 ± 1.82 g/dL and 3.63 ± 0.50 × 1012/L respectively. All haematological parameters except mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and lymphocyte count showed statistical (p < 0.05) differences between young and adult pigeons. Values recorded for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, serum/albumin ratio, urea, creatinine and urea/creatinine ratio were 4.32 ± 0.74 g/dL, 2.07 ± 0.30 g/dL, 2.25 ± 0.74 g/dL, 1.04 ± 0.43, 0.48 ± 0.33 mg/dL, 0.75 ± 0.52 mg/dL and 0.73 ± 0.51 respectively. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in adult (0.62 ± 0.40; 1.04 ± 0.60 mg/dL) compared to young (0.34 ± 0.13; 0.47 ± 0.15 mg/dL) pigeons. This study therefore demonstrated age-dependent variations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of domestic pigeons.
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    Ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus ameliorates hyperglycaemia, hepato-renal damage, deranged electrolytes and acid-base balance in alloxan-induced diabetes in dogs
    (2022) Num-Adom SM; Adamu S; Aluwong T; Ogbuagu NE; Umar IA; Esievo KA
    Anti-diabetic effects of ethanolic extract of stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus were investigated in alloxan monohydrate-induced acute type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) extending into chronicity and organic damages in 12 adult Nigerian indigenous dogs assigned 4 groups of 3 each, namely: non-diabetic controls (ND), diabetic untreated (DU), diabetic insulin-treated (DI) and diabetic extract-treated (DE). All parameters were analysed using standard procedures. Hyperglycaemia occurred in the diabetic dogs; blood glucose significantly (P < 0.001) increased in the DU group compared with other groups. The ethanolic extract significantly (P < 0.001) decreased blood glucose levels like insulin (P < 0.002). Haematology revealed macrocytic normochromic anaemia; significantly decreased PCV (P < 0.001), Hb (P < 0.001), RBC (P < 0.001), WBC (P < 0.05). Neutrophils (P < 0.05) and lymphocytes (P < 0.05) in DU. Organic damage biomarkers, ALT, ALP activities (P < 0.05), albumin and urea concentrations significantly increased in DU. Hyponatremia, loss of bicarbonates (P < 0.05), hyperkalemia and hyperchloridaemia occurred in DU. The ethanolic extract corrected these haemato-biochemical abberations and produced positive anion-gap like the non-diabetic controls while those of DU and DI were negative with more bicarbonates retention in DI group. While hyperglycaemia relapsed after insulin withdrawal, normoglycaemia remained without reoccurrence of hyperglycaemia after withdrawal of A. leiocarpus extract. This alloxan-induced TIDM in Nigerian indigenous dogs showed that ethanolic extract of A. leiocarpus reduces blood glucose and may prevent development into T2DM.