Browsing by Author "Badmus JA"

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    Dynamics of pentavalent inorganic arsenic effects on some glycolytic and mitochondrial energy metabolizing enzymes in male Wistar rats
    (2022) Fatoki JO; Alabi IA; Atere TG; Ibrahim NO; Onifade EA; Ojokuku OF; Abdulateef MA; Abisoye OA; Raji PK; Adeniyi A; Ademuyiwa DF; Fatoki CO; Oyewo EB; Badmus JA
    Exposure to environmental toxicants such as arsenic presents serious health challenges to humans. The effects of arsenic have been extensively evaluated, but there is a dearth of scientific findings on its effects on some key enzymes of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. This study, therefore, is aimed at investigating the time-course effects of arsenic exposure on these key enzymes in male Wistar rats. Rats (n = 45) were exposed to arsenic (100, 150, and 200 ppm) for 4, 8, and 12 weeks respectively in their drinking water. Control rats (n = 5) received drinking water for 12 weeks, after which blood and liver were removed from the animals and analyzed for some energy metabolizing enzymes spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Our findings showed that arsenic exposure reduced the activities of plasma hexokinase at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Meanwhile, erythrocyte and liver homogenate hexokinase were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced only at week 4. Plasma and liver aldolase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) induced at week 4, while aldolase activities of other compartments were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at weeks 4, 8, and 12. In addition, arsenic significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in various tissue compartments, effects of arsenic exposure were characterized by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of malate dehydrogenase, complexes of the electron transport chain when compared with the control animals in all the tissues. These findings indicated that arsenic exposure induced various compartment-specific modulation of key enzymes of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. This might be one of the mechanisms through which arsenic mediates its toxicity and its associated disease endpoints.
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    Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities
    (2020) Badmus JA; Oyemomi SA; Adedosu OT; Yekeen TA; Azeez MA; Adebayo EA; Lateef A; Badeggi UM; Botha S; Hussein AA; Marnewick JL
    Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is reputed to have a robust range of biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bio-fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata were characterized and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The extract induced colour change of silver salt solution which absorbed at 420 nm and confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR showed that free amide and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the synthesized nanoparticles. Both XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. The zeta potential revealed -27.2 mV potential and average distribution size of 35 nm. DLS indicated that the majority of the particles were 86.78 nm size and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.329. AgNPs displayed strong activities against DPPH (IC50 = 51.80 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 30.78 μg/ml), α-amylase (IC50 = 0.90 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml). The particles exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation with effective antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacterial strains and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell line. These findings revealed the potential biomedical applications of the particles and further work will be required to establish its molecular mechanism of action.