Browsing by Author "Arise RO"

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    Antidiarheal activity of catechol and ethyl 5, 8,11,14,17 – icosapentanoate-rich fraction of Annona senegalensis stem bark
    (2022) Ahmed MU; Arise RO; Umaru IJ; Mohammed A
    Background and aim Secretory diarrhea is the most common type of diarrhea. This study aimed at exploring the possible mechanism of antisecretory action of Annona senegalensis stem bark and to identify the bioactive compounds. Experimental procedure The ability of three crude extract; aqueous, dichloromethane and hexane stem bark extracts to inhibit castor oil-induced stooling in albino rats were assessed. Bioactivity guided fractionation of the most active extract was done using solvent-solvent partitioning (with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate) and column chromatography. In vitro antioxidant activity of the most active sub-fraction was done using standard methods. The most active sub-fraction (25 mg/kg b. wt.) was administered to castor oil-induced diarrheal rats. Diarrheal rats small intestinal malondialdehyde concentration, antioxidant enzyme, cyclooxygenase II and Na+- K+ ATPase activities were determined using standard procedures. GC-MS analysis was done to identify the chemical compounds in the sub-fraction. Result and conclusion Aqueous extract significantly decreased the number of wet stools. Sub-fraction 1 of ethylacetate fraction of aqueous stem bark extract (EFAS1) showed the highest stool inhibition. The H2O2 scavenging activity of EFAS1 was significantly greater than ascorbic acid. The sub-fraction significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of catalase and Na+- K+ ATPase activities but significantly decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase II activity. GC-MS analysis revealed that EFAS1 is rich in catechol, n-hexadecanoic acid and ethyl-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentanoate. The sub-fraction exerts its antisecretory activity by its antioxidative, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and stimulation of Na+- K+ ATPase properties due to the presence of catechol, n-hexedecanoic acid and ethyl-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentanoate.
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    Identification and biochemical characterization of anti-enteropooling compounds from Annona senegalensis root bark
    (2022) Ahmed MU; Arise RO; Umaru IJ
    Background and objectives Annona senegalensis root bark is used in the treatment of diarrhea. This study fractionated Annona senegalensis root bark to identify the anti-enteropooling compounds and explore the possible mechanism of action of the compounds Methods Anti-enteropooling activity of hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were investigated to determine the most bioactive crude extract. Bioactivity guided fractionation of the most active extract was conducted. The compounds present in the bioactive sub-fraction were identified using GC-MS analysis. The concentration of Na+, Cl− and K+ in the intestinal fluids of rats administered the most active sub-fraction was determined. The effect of the sub-fraction on the small intestine malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, antioxidant enzymes, Na+ - K + ATPase and cyclooxygenase II activities were evaluated using standard procedures. Results Aqueous root bark extract (AR) significantly decreased the weight and volume of intestinal fluids of castor oil induced diarrheal rats. Sub-fraction 1 of dichloromethane fraction of aqueous root bark extract (DFAR1) decreased the weight and volume of intestinal fluids of castor oil-induced diarrheal rats the most. Androstan-3-one and 3-tetradecen-5-yne were found present in DFAR1. The concentration of Na+ in the intestinal fluid of rats administered DFAR1 significantly decreased when compared with the control. DFAR1 significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and cyclooxygenase II. There was no significant difference in MDA concentration and Na+ - K + ATPase activity. Conclusion A. senegalensis root bark is rich in aldosterone derivative (steroid) and 3-tetradecen-5-yne that prevents enteropooling by stimulating Na+ absorption and inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity.
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    Quality attributes and consumer acceptability of custard supplemented with Bambara groundnut protein isolates
    (2022) Arise AK; Malomo SA; Awaw AA; Arise RO
    Custard, a sole cornstarch-made weaning food in developing country, was enriched with Bambara groundnut protein isolate (BPI) in order to increase its protein content and reduce the cases of protein energy- malnutrition (PEM) that accounted for average global deaths in children. The pasting and functional properties, proximate and amino acid compositions as well as sensory attributes of the supplemented products were determined and evaluated according to the standard methods. The CS-BPI blends had low setback (1636-1186 RVU) but high peak time (5.14-5.37 min) and pasting temperature (75.30-79.57 °C) when compared with the control sample (100% CS). Although, the functional properties of the blends significantly (p < 0.05) decreased at the elevated BPI inclusion but their water interaction (WAC) and gelatinization temperature increased appropriately. Moreso, the CS-BPI blends had high essential and non-essential (∼2-8 and 3-11 g/100 g protein) but low sulphur-containing amino acids, respectively. Majorly, the carbohydrate (56.56 %) and moisture contents of the control (37.61 %) increased with elevated BPI levels in the supplemented samples (41-53%), which might be attributed to the increase in their WAC (67-91%) when compared to 100% CS (60.83%). Meanwhile, the protein content (∼12%) of the CS-BPI blends is 500-fold higher than 100% CS (2.28%). The increase in the protein contents of the blends observably led to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the carbohydrate contents of the blend formulations. The 80% CS + 20% BPI blend was the most acceptable sample when compared to the control sample (100% CS), hence could be useful to combat PEM cases.