Browsing by Author "Abubakar A"
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Item A controlled study to investigate anti-diarrhoeal effect of the stem-bark fractions of Terminalia avicennioides in laboratory animal models(2017) Suleiman MM; Oyelowo BB; Abubakar A; Mamman M; Bello KDDue to the shortcomings associated with modern synthetic antidiarrhoeal drugs, it is important to find newer, safer and cheaper antidiarrhoeal agents from natural sources. The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-diarrhoeal activity of the fractions of the stem-bark of Terminalia avicennioides in laboratory animal models. The effect of different concentrations (1.0×10−3, 2.0×10−3, 4.0×10−3 and 8.0×10−3mg/mL) of the aqueous methanol (AMF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hexane (HXF) fractions of T. avicennioides were tested against spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum as well as on histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. Similarly, the effects of the AMF on gastro-intestinal transit time, castor oil-induced diarrhoea and castor oil-induced enteropooling were evaluated. The AMF, EAF and HXF at concentrations of 1.0×10−3, 2.0×10−3, 4.0×10−3 and 8.0×10−3mg/mL attenuated the contractile effects of both the spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum and that of histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. The AMF at doses of 200, 300 and 500mg/kg produced significant (p<0.05) reductions in gastrointestinal transit time of charcoal and incidence of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice relative to the untreated control. Similarly, at doses of 300 and 500mg/kg, AMF significantly (p<0.05) reduced the weight and volume of intestinal fluid in the treated mice when compared to the untreated animals. The results of this study showed that the stem-bark of T. avicennioides possesses spasmolytic effect and could be a potential antidiarrhoeal agent. However, detailed pharmacological trials are required to justify the clinical use of the plant for treating diarrhoea.Item A Descriptive Epidemiology of Cholera Outbreak in Katsina State, Nigeria, 2021(2022) Suleiiman SY; Idris AS; Suleiman K; Abubakar A; Ruma MT; Haladu S; Kaita IM; Ibrahim UBPurpose Cholera is a highly infectious enteric bacterial infection cause by Vibrio cholerae. It causes large outbreaks characterized by watery diarrhea and vomiting. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of the ongoing cholera outbreak in Katsina State, Nigeria Methods & Materials We analyzed the Katsina State cholera outbreak surveillance data collected from the State Primary Healthcare Agency. We described cholera cases in time, place, and person. We calculated age specific case fatality rates and attack rates. Results A total of 5796 cases were recorded with 182 deaths and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.1%. The median age for cases was 18 years (range: 0.17-95 years). Male cases were 2798 (50.5%). The attack rate was 66.2 per 100,000. Persons greater than 60 years had the highest age specific case fatality rate (ASCFR) of 6.9%. The outbreak started in Bakori in week 12 and is still ongoing. Thirty-three Local Government Areas were affected with Funtua having the highest attack rate of 460.4 per 100,000 and case fatality rate of 10.3%. Conclusion The cholera outbreak has caused a significant loss of lives in Katsina State. Persons above 60 years were the most affected. Katsina Primary Healthcare Agency deployed rapid response teams to investigate and control the spread of the outbreak. Risk communication messages emphasized on improvement of hygiene in the state. We recommend Katsina State government should prioritize provision of clean drinking water and sewage drainage system in the affected areas to control the outbreakItem Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever virus in some wildlife and domestic animals in Bauchi state, Nigeria(2020) Atuman Y; Kudi C; Abdu PA; Abubakar A; Okubanjo OItem Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium tubers in murine model of pain: Possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels(2020) Abubakar A; Nazifi AB; Odoma S; Shehu S; Danjuma NMThe tubers of Chlorophytum alismifolium are used in Nigerian Herbal Medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus, painful and inflammatory conditions. The antinociceptive activity has been validated but the mechanism of this activity is yet to be explored. This study therefore, aimed to investigate the probable mechanism(s) of the antinociceptive activity of C. alismifolium tubers using experimental animal model of pain. HPLC and GC-MS analyses were carried out on the extract. Antinociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing response test in mice. Three groups of mice were orally administered distilled water (10 ml/kg), C. alismifolium (400 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) 60 min before administration of acetic acid and the resulting writhing were counted for 10 min. To establish the probable mechanism(s) of action of C. alismifolium, separate groups of animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with naloxone (2 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) 15 min before C. alismifolium administration. HPLC chromatogram of the extract revealed seventeen characteristic peaks with retention times ranging between 2.1 and 7.4 min. Administration of C. alismifolium significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the mean number of writhes compared to control group. Pretreatment with yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) reduced the antinociceptive activity of extract-alone treated group. However, pretreatment with prazosin, naloxone and propranolol showed no effect on its analgesic activity. The findings from this research revealed the possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels in the antinociceptive activity of Chlorophytum alismifolium tuber extract.Item Benign prostatic hyperplasia in a 23year old man with progeroid syndrome(2018) Ahmed M; Lawal AT; Bello A; Abubakar A; Maitama HYIntroduction Progeroid syndromes are characterized by accelerated aging and early development of diseases typically associated with aging. Premature development of tumors including BPH, maybe observed in these patients, which can lead to significant bladder outlet obstruction. Observation The index patient was a 23year old man who presented to us with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), features of obstructive nephropathy and was noticed to have been aging rapidly. He had features of premature aging, bilateral cataract and enlarged benign prostate (BPH). He eventually succumbed to obstructive nephropathy and urosepsis. Conclusion Progeroid syndromes may be associated with premature development of obstructive BPH.Item Genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum isolates in Minna, North Central Nigeria inferred by PCR genotyping of Merozoite surface protein 1 and 2(2021) Usman-Yamman H; Omalu C. J I; Abubakar A; Abolarinwa S.O; Eke S. S; Otuu CANorth Central Nigeria is one region in Nigeria with a significant incidence of malaria caused majorly by Plasmodium falciparum. This study utilizes the msp1 and msp2 genes of P. falciparum to examine its diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI). Blood samples were collected from 247 children across selected healthcare facilities in Minna, from infants and children aged 6 months to 17 years. Of the total collection, 143 (58%) of the children were infected with P. falciparum with parasite density ≥ 1000 μl, and from which fifty (50) samples was randomly selected and presented for PCR for the characterization of msp1 and msp2 gene using nested-PCR method. Overall, 57 msp1 genotypes, including K1, MAD20 and RO33 were identified, ranging from (250-1000 bp), (100-500 bp) and (400-500 bp), respectively. In addition, 54 different msp2 genotypes of FC27 and 3D7 alleles ranging from (100-900 bp) and (100-800 bp), respectively were selected. A monoclonal infection of 39% and a polyclonal infection of 61% was recorded, however, a particularity about this study is the polyclonal nature of RO33. Determination of gene diversity revealed MAD20 as the predominant allele for msp1 with a mean MOI of 1.35 and FC27 for msp2 with 1.72 MOI. The overall MOI recorded for the study was 1.60. There was, however, no statistical significance difference between MOI and age of the child (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, findings from this study revealed P. falciparum populations were not genetically diverse with Heterozygosity (He) index of 0.0636. However, a significant level gene diversity within the antigenic markers of msp1 and msp2 was observed with He index of 0.714 and 0.830, respectively. This study has demonstrated the potential of gene diversity and MOI of P. falciparum, as important markers for assessing differences in malaria transmission intensity. Continuous malaria genetic surveillance is therefore recommended as a fundamental tool for monitoring changes in gene types and for intervention programs' effectiveness.