Thesis & Dissertation

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Feasibility of commencing the international public sector accounting standards in Oyo State, Nigeria
(2014) Oyewobi, I. A.
In the current global revolution in government accounting, International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) are proposed for adoption by governments around the world. Nigeria adopted IPSAS in 2010 and initially implementation was to commence in 2014. The study assessed the feasibility of commencing IPSAS in Oyo State. In achieving this aim the study found out the degree of awareness of IPSAS, workshops organized on IPSAS and prospects for accelerating commencement of IPSAS in the MDAs in Oyo State. Three research questions were drawn for the study. Samples of the study were selected from ministry (1), department (1) and agencies (4) in Oyo State. In all, a total of 45 subjects were selected for the study. A questionnaire on feasibility of commencing IPSAS in Oyo State was developed for the study. Six hypotheses were formulated and tested for the study. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages, Pearson correlation, regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was revealed that there is a positive relationship between the feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS and the degree of awareness of IPSAS at (r = 0.532; p<0.05), there is a weak positive relationship between the feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS and prospect for accelerating commencement of IPSAS at (r = 0.386; p<0.05) and there is a very weak positive relationship between the feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS and workshop, seminar and conference organized on IPSAS at (r = 0.154; p>0.05. The study also showed that there is a significant joint effect of each variable of the study (degree of awareness, prospect for accelerating commencement and workshop, seminar and conference organised) on feasibility of commencing implementation of IPSAS at (0.05 alpha level F (3,41) = 5,888, P<0.05). Overall, the study revealed that it is not certain that IPSAS will commence in the next one year or two years to come. In essence, the government should adequately support the MDAs in the areas of capacity building and provide necessary material in order to fast track the implementation of IPSAS in Oyo State.
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MICROBES IN CHICKEN EGGS (UNFERTILISED) SOILED WITH FEACAL DROPPINGS
(2014) OLANIREGUN, Christiana Bolaji
The effect of poultry feacal soilage on the microbial counts in the yolk and albumen of table eggs was studied alongside the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella Species obtained from the internal egg contents. Fresh table eggs were soaked in feacal poultry droppings for 0 hour (Control- no soaking), 12 hours,24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours, respectively and microbial counts in the internal contents of the eggs enumerated on nutrient agar for aerobic bacterial count, Bairl Parker Agar for Staphylococcus aureus count, Eosin Methylene Blue agar for Enterobacteriaceae counts, Salmonella – Shigella agar for Salmonella- Shigella counts, and Potato Dextrose agar for Fungal and Mould counts. Generally, a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in aerobic plate counts, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae count, Salmonella-Shigella count and fungal soiling. Suggesting increased microbial penetration through the shell membrane into the internal content of the table eggs. Identified microorganisms associated with soiled internal content of table eggs included Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia species, Klebsiella species, Bacillus brevis, Shigella species Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella species, Bacillis pumitus, Citrobacter species and Kluyvera species, Edwardsiella species, Cedecea species, Escherichia coli. Multiple antibiotics resistance to ceftazidin, cloxacillin and erythromycin was observed to occur in S. aureus at 48 hours while shigella species were resistant to Gentamicin at 48 hours and therefore table eggs should be collected frequently from the cage and kept cool always to prevent bacterial growth and further studies should be carried out on the detrimental effect of these organism on human health.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION AMONG LARGE SCALE AND MEDIUM SCALE POULTRY FARMERS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE
(2015) AKINSOLA, EUNICE OLUWADAMILOLA
Poultry farms provide meat, egg and employment for people and at the same time it generates large quantities of waste materials. A survey was carried out in Abeokuta, Odeda local Government Area (LGA) of ogun states using both large scale and medium scale poultry farms to identify thepoultry waste materials and to know their management, utilization and disposal methods with a view to comparing the management and utilization of poultry waste among large scale and medium scale poultry farmers. Primary data for the study were collected from 80 poultry farmers using well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis involving frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the farmers socio-economic status. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis was used to compare waste management, utilization and disposal method between large and medium scale poultry farms within the study area. Independent t-test analysis was used to investigate the difference between income of large and medium scale poultry farms. The result obtained from this study shows that 85.0% large scale farms indicated that they do treat their waste compared to 87.5% medium scale poultry farmers.Also, it can be observed from the result that 12.5% respondents who are large scale poultry farmers indicated that they use chemical treatment in treating their waste compared to 2.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated they use the same method of waste treatment. It was observed that 42.5% large scale farms indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste compare to 52.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste. However, more large scale farms tend to utilize their waste for manure and compost compared to small scale farms and in the same vein, more medium scale farms tend to have no use for their poultry waste compared to the large scale farms.From the findings of this research, the following recommendations are made; 1. Poultry farming in the study area is male dominated. Females need to be encouraged to participate in poultry farming in the area as a means of increasing and improving their standard of living. 2. The government should encourage the poultry farmers to manage and utilize the poultry waste generated in their various farms by introducing new techniques, methods or practices of managing and utilizing their poultry waste. 3. Adequate workshop should be organized in the study area for the dissemination of research findings
DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN CHILD LABOUR AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA
(2015) OGUNBIYI DOLAPO JOACHIM
In Nigeria, people have variously described children as the future hope or as leaders of tomorrow. Such attributes are often expressed by parents, social critics, political analysts and media commentators, who will always offer sentimental obeisance to the notion that children are indeed the greatest human asset. In effect, it means that children are appreciated, respected, recognized and regarded as valuable human monument worthy of investing upon for the survival and continuous existence of the human race. This study stresses on the need for Nigeria to adopt all the Universal agreements that tend to promote the protection of the rights of the Nigerian citizens, including the child’s rights law, so as to ensure that such rights are not rendered non-justiciable or violated. It is important to bear in mind that recognition of the inherent dignity, equality and the inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.
UNIVERSITY-HOST COMMUNITY RELATIONS: PERCEPTION OF IWO COMMUNITY MEMBERS OF BOWEN UNIVERSITYS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.
(2016) JAYESIMI, OLUSEGUN SAYO
Audit standard and public audit practices: a case study of Osun and Ogun States of Nigeria
(2016) Adewumi, R. M.
The study examined various government audit practices using Osun and Ogun states of Nigeria as case studies. It also examined audit practices, extent of compliance with standards and identified the factors influencing compliance of the states audit practices. Data for the study was collected through primary source. A sample size of 150 questionnaires were purposively administered to professional Accountants who are in the public audit services of both private and government of Osun and Ogun states. Both descriptive and inferential statistics such as tables, graph, percentages, ANOVA and Regression were used to analyse the data. The regression and correlations analysis were used to assess the extent of compliance of states audit practices with standard and extent of influence, while ANOVA was used to determine joint impact of the independent variables on dependent variable. The study revealed that standard and practice are positive and highly correlated in all the groups, while influence was positive and higher in groups 1 and 2 than group 3. Findings from hypotheses tested shows regression and p value as Group 1= (R = .719, p = .000) Group 2 (R = .699, p = .000), and Group 3 (R = .526, p = .001). ANOVA Group 1 (f = 25.166, p= .000) Group 2 (f = 22.453, p = .000) and Group3 (f = 8.969, p = .001). The study, therefore concluded that state audit practices complied with standards, but are highly influenced by politics, with far reaching implication on the financial reporting of the states
Diversification of Revenue Sources and Agricultural Activities in Nigeria
(2016) Adeniji, S. O.
The broad objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the revenue sources and the agricultural activities in Nigeria. However, the specific objectives are to determine the effects of agricultural indices on the Revenue from Agricultural Output (RAQ) Secondary data were used. The data were collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Zenith Economic Quarterly, International Journals of Accounting, Economics and Agriculture. The econometric method of unit root and co-integration were employed to estimate the relationship between the examined variables while Ordinary Least Square Method was used to run the regression. The result revealed that Price of Agricultural Commodities (PAC= 0.8003), Average Total Rainfall (ATR= -0.1601), Agricultural Cultivable Land (ACL= 0.6413) and Agricultural Finance (AGF= 0.0955). All the explanatory variables except ATR indicate positive coefficient which means there is direct correlation to Revenue from Agricultural Output (RAQ) and probability values of all the independent variables (PAC= 0.0000 < 0.05, ATR= 0.0279 < 0.05, ACL= 0.0227 < 0.05 and AGF= 0.000 < 0.05) revealed that they are statistically significant and related to RAQ. Hence, agricultural indices (Adj. R-squared= 83%) and probability of F statistics (0.0000 < 0.05) jointly explain the variation in Revenue from Agricultural Output in Nigeria. The study therefore, concluded that Price of Agricultural Commodities, Average Total Rainfall, Agricultural Cultivable Land and Agricultural Financing significantly influence Revenue from Agricultural Output (RAQ) in Nigeria.
Taxation and the growth of Nigerian economy (1981-2014)
(2016) Bolaji, A.
BOWEN logo BOWEN University Institutional Repository College of Social & Management Science Accounting Theses Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: ir.bowen.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/627 Title: Taxation and the growth of Nigerian economy (1981-2014) Authors: Bolaji, A. Keywords: Taxation Growth Issue Date: 2016 Publisher: Bowen University, Iwo Citation: Bolaji, A. (2016). Taxation and the growth of Nigerian economy (1981-2014) (Master's Thesis Bowen University, Iwo) Abstract: Taxation is a powerful tool for achieving economic growth and social policy objectives and undoubtedly a veritable instrument for national development. The study therefore, examined the effect of Taxation on the growth of Nigeria’s economy. The specific objectives however was to determine the effect of five different taxes on the gross domestic product of the Nigerian economy which include: petroleum profit tax, company income tax, value added tax, excise duties and total tax revenue. Furthermore, the study employed secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) covering the period between (1981-2014). Unit root test, Johansens’s Multivariate Cointegration test and Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to assess the short run dynamics between economic growth, the dependent variable and the explanatory variables. The result revealed that petroleum profit tax has positive and significant impact with (β =0.062, t-value= 1.872 and p-value =0.043) on the growth of Nigeria economy. Also, company income tax has a positive and significant effect with (β= 0.012, t-value = 1.566 and P-value = 0.011). Likewise, Value Added Tax has a positive significant effect with (β = 0.027, t = 1.068 and P-value = 0.010) on Nigeria growth. Excise duties also has a positive significant effect with (β = 0.045, t = 1.419 and P- value = 0.009) on Nigeria economic growth. Similarly, oil revenue and total tax revenue has positive significant effect with (β = 0.514, t = 3.551 and P -value = 0.006) and (β = 0.093, t = 1.742 and P- value of 0.050) respectively on Nigeria economic growth. However, foreign direct investment has a positive but not significant effect with (β = 0.155, t = 0.699 and P- value of 0.502) on Nigeria economic growth. The study concluded that Value added tax, Petroleum profit tax, Excise duties, Company income tax and Total tax revenue jointly and independently have significant impact on growth of the Nigerian economy.
Risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria
(2016) Akinsola, T. O.
BOWEN logo BOWEN University Institutional Repository College of Social & Management Science Accounting Theses Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: ir.bowen.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/620 Title: Risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria Authors: Akinsola, T. O. Keywords: Risk management Deposit money banks Issue Date: 2016 Publisher: Bowen University, Iwo Citation: Akinsola, T.O. (2016). Risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. (Master's Thesis, Bowen University, Iwo) Abstract: This research ascertains the significance in the relationship between risk management and performance of deposit money banks. Perception on the importance of various risks affecting the performance of deposit money banks was considered. Impact of risk management was examined on both the financial and non-financial performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria. Furthermore, futuristic consideration in making strategic decisions that lead to risk events in Nigerian deposit money banks was also examined. The study employed the use of primary and secondary sources of data collection. Primary data was sourced through a structured questionnaire administered to staff in the risk management department of ten (10) sampled banks; and also secondary data from the annual reports of the sampled deposit money banks from 2010 – 2015. Risk ratios (Credit Risk Ratio, Liquidity Risk Ratio, and Market Risk Ratio) and financial performance ratios (Return on Equity and Return on Assets) were computed from the annual reports. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation were used to test the hypotheses of the study. It was found out that none of the risks that affect the performance of deposit money banks was less important than the other. Hence, all risks are very important to the performance of deposit money banks. It was also observed that risk management has a significant impact on Return on Assets with a Prob (F-statistic) of 0.009718. However, the Return on Equity was insignificant with a Prob (F-statistic) of 0.068951. Also, risk management had a 41% positive relationship with non-financial performance of banks from the correlation performed. In the same vein, it was revealed that Nigerian deposit money banks have a futuristic view of the risks events that can likely occur in different scenarios and plan towards its management.
Financial information disclosure requirements and performance of selected firms in the listed food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria
(2017) Taiwo, O. J.
BOWEN University Institutional Repository College of Social & Management Science Accounting Theses Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: ir.bowen.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/609 Title: Financial information disclosure requirements and performance of selected firms in the listed food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria Authors: Taiwo, O. J. Keywords: Financial information disclosure Food and beverages Issue Date: 2017 Publisher: Bowen University, Iwo Citation: Taiwo, O. J. (2017). Financial information disclosure requirements and performance of selected firms in the listed food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria. (Master's Thesis Bowen University, Iwo) Abstract: The study examined the relationship between financial information disclosure requirements and performance of selected firms in the listed food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Other objectives include identification of main financial information disclosure requirements of the firms, determination of the extent to which food and beverage manufacturing companies comply with the disclosure requirements, also to determine the level of significance of the information disclosed in the financial statements for good decision making with a view to assessing the significant effect of relevant financial disclosure standards on financial performance of food and beverage manufacturing companies. Disclosure requirements were measured using disclosure index as proxies for the International Accounting Standards (IASs) utilized which were IAS 1 (presentation of financial statements), IAS 16 (property, plant and equipment), IAS 18 (revenue) and IAS 23 (borrowing cost) and financial performance was measured using Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) as proxy. The data were obtained from the annual reports of the companies. The relationship between the disclosure requirements and financial performance of selected companies was examined through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. The application used in running the data was Stata 13.0. The results revealed that the main financial information disclosure requirements of the firms under consideration were incorporated into IAS 1, IAS 16, IAS 18 and IAS 23. It was also found out that the food and beverage manufacturing companies complied with the disclosure requirements up to an extent of 67.02%. With further test using Hausman test, the study found out that random effect was more appropriate for the empirical discussions. The random effect result showed that IAS 1, IAS 16, IAS 18 and IAS 23 were all positively related to ROCE having the coefficient of 1.7171, 0.2632, 0.5297 and 0.0869 respectively. Therefore, the explanatory variables do have significant effect on ROCE and they influence the decisions of the users of financial statements. The study concluded that the financial information disclosure requirements especially those of the explanatory variables (IAS 1, 16, 18 and 23) considered in this study have a positive impact in driving the financial performance of companies in the food and beverage manufacturing sector of Nigeria.
IMPLICATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AMONG STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES, BOWEN UNIVERSITY
(2017) AGBEJULE, Oluremi Oyebiyi
The present age is featured as the era of information and communication revolution. The world becomes a single electronic village as a result of the World Wide Web, which effectively contributed to the interaction between people of different cultures. In addition, it is notable that youths use social networking sites more than all other groups of people. Hence, the topic of this study is the Implication of Social Media on Interpersonal Communication among Bowen University Students.The survey research methodology for the study was used as an instrument while questionnaire was used for collecting data from respondents. Findings from the study revealed that 36.3% the students are highly exposed to social media and they access it with ease and convenience. This study confirmed that social media has helped students to socialize more and thus improved the interpersonal communication skills of students. The implications of these findings are further highlighted in this study.
The perceived effects of Economics recession on the standard of living in Nigeria (A case study of Federal College of Education, Special Oyo)
(2018) Ibitoye, Ikeoluwa Victoria
INCIDENCE OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM PROCESSED MEAT ‘SUYA’ SOLD IN BOWEN UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY
(2018) ADAMS, TOYIN GOODNESS
Suya is a popular spicy barbecued meat product in Nigeria; hence, the phenotypic and molecular occurrence of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamases (ESBL) producing enteric bacteria in this food, at sales point, was investigated. Suya meat purchased from different sales spots, inside and around Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, were screened for enteric bacteria on eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar. The isolates were subjected to routine IMVIC tests (Indole, Methyl red, Voges-Proskaur and citrate utilization tests) among other standard morphological and biochemical test. Furthermore, the antibiotic profile of 0.5 McFarland concentration of each enteric bacterium inoculum was determined on Muller-Hinton agar. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL producers was by the double disc synergy technique while molecular screening for the ESBLA-encoding genes blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M was carried out using the Multiplex PCR amplification technique. The Enterobacteriacea distribution indicated 65% Enterobacter aerogenes, 20% Escherichia coli and 15% Klebsiella sp. Only one Escherichia coli was positive for ESBL producer following the phenotypic confirmation test. While the result of the molecular distribution of the ten enteric bacteria screened shows that 40% of the isolates are Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae. Fifteen percent of these ESBL producers show the presence of blaCTX gene while 40% show the presence of blaTEM genes. Moreso, another 40% of the isolates were found to be multi-antibiotics resistance MAR, showing resistant to more than three of the tested antibiotics. These results indicated that the popular ready-to-eat Suya are potential reservoir for multi-antibiotics resistant and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriacea, which is of public and animal health concern.
Credit management and profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing companies
(2018) Eboka, C.
The issue of trade credit has been in existence since ancient times. Research shows that poor credit management contributed to the 2007/2008 Financial Crisis. Thus, for companies to survive in a competitive environment, trade credit became inevitable. The quest for increased profitability by these firms through trade credit has led them to face increased challenge of financial meltdown, loss of resources, increased debts and incessant liquidation despite the measures set to control trade credit. It was observed that one of the reasons why these problems arose was from inappropriate measures of credit management or unawareness of the approaches and techniques of credit management. It is in view of this that this study was embarked upon to examine the impact of credit management on the profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms. Specifically, the study examined the effect of credit policy and debtor’s turnover on profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms, as well ascertained the relationship between liquidity management and profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms and finally, analyzed the effect of firm size on profitability of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms. With the use of ex-post facto research design, the study relied on data extracted from the audited financial statement of a sample of 15 manufacturing companies purposively drawn from the total population of 74 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. The data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Version 19). The descriptive statistics conducted were mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value. Inferential statistics on the other hand includes the Pearson movement correlation coefficient which was used to determine whether there is a significant relationship and multiple linear regression that enabled the research to determine the effect of independent variable (credit management) on the dependent variable (profitability). In the model, Return on Asset (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) were used as the profitability indicators. The findings revealed that debtors’ turnover and credit policy had no significant effect on any of the profitability measure used in the study at 5% level of significance. In addition, the findings revealed that liquidity management had significant effect on return on asset. However, liquidity management does not have significant inference on net profit margin. Similarly, firm size had no significant effect on return on asset, but had a significant effect on net profit margin at 5% level of significance. It was concluded that credit management is a powerful tool for achieving a high level of profitability in a firm and the positive effects of liquidity management and firm size on the profitability measures, means that these variables do matter for the credit management of the organization.
Credit risk management and profitability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria
(2019) Ajayi, O. E.
The study examined how credit risk management affect the profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria and specifically how capital adequacy ratio affects profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). It also, examined the relationship that exist between non- performing loan ratio, loan loss reserve to non-performing loan on profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study further assessed if total deposit to total loan, loan loss reserve to gross loan equally affects the performance of these banks in Nigeria. It finally, ascertained the influence of banks size on the profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data which were obtained from the audited financ ia l statements of the banks and Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) fact book from year 2006-2016. Data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. A sample size of 15 banks was selected out of the 25 deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The descriptive statistics used were mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values while the inferential statistics used were correlation and regression analysis. Diagnostic tests were also carried out on the data to ensure consistenc y, validity, reliability. These tests included heteroskedacity test and multicollinearity test. The result revealed that all variables were stationary using panel unit root test. The result of the regression model showed that R-square was 0.62 which implies that about 62% of the variation in Return on asset (ROA) were explained by the independent variables while the remaining 38% variation may be as a result of other variables not captured in the model. Capital adequacy ratio with a p-value of 0.212 does not have significant effect on the profitability of Deposit Money Banks(DMBs), relationship exist between Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPLR) and Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks(DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.000 which is significant at 5% level of significance, there is no significa nt relationship between Loan loss reserve to non-performing loan Ratio (LLRNPLR) and the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks(DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.871 which is not significant at 5% level of significance, Total deposit to total loan ratio (TDTLR) have significant effect on the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.038 which is statistically significant at 5% level of significa nce, Loan loss reserve to Gross loan (LLRGLR) have significant effect on the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.010 which is statistically significant at 5% level of significance,Banks size have significant effect on the Return on asset (ROA) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.002 which is statistically significant at 5% level of significance The study concluded that credit risk management significantly affects the profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL (NAFDAC) IN THE CONTROL OF FAKE DRUGS IN KADUNA STATE
(2019) Kenneth ZheihnomKURASON
The proliferation of drugs as a global cancer, has eaten deep into the healthof the general public. It is the greatest evil of our time and the highest weapon of terrorism against public health, as well as an act of economic sabotagethat has led to organ dysfunction, disabilities, worsening of disease condition, loss of public confidence in public health and led to the death of many in the globe and Nigeria is not an exception.Most of these drugs are brought into the state and not necessarily produced within Kaduna State threatening the health of the people in the state. It is for this reason that the Federal Government of Nigeria established NAFDACwith the goal of eliminating counterfeit pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages products ensuring that available medications are safe and effective. This necessitated the need to assess the activities of NAFDAC in the control of fake drugs in Kaduna State.The specific objectives of the study are to determine the effect of the contribution of inspection of imported regulated products by NAFDAC on the control of fake drugs in Kaduna State; to examine the contribution of registration of drugs by NAFDAC on the control of fake drugs in Kaduna Stateamongst others. The study adopted “Fishbein Model and Social Control Theory by Travis Hirschi‟‟ as theoretical framework to underpin the study. The study adopted a survey design where data collected from structured questionnaires and interview were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The total population of the study is 1, 664 with 313 as sample size. The study adopted purposive and simple stratified sampling technique for the study. The chi-square cross-tabulation test was used in testing hypotheses of the study using SSPS version 20.However, relevant documents that contain secondary data for the study are the NAFDAC‟s Act, NAFDAC‟s Score Cards, and NAFDAC‟s Campaigns, amongst others. The findings of the study shows that some of the factors affecting the inspection of drugs in Kaduna State ranges from shortage of personnel or inspectors to monitor drug activities in Kaduna State due to large coverage size, shortage of scan machines to enable personnel detect fake drugs easily to even chaotic drug market in the state. Hence, the study recommends that the government should be willing to recruit new hands who are specialist in their various fields of endeavor having the technical-know-how to help NAFDAC in the execution of her activities and to ensure adequate coverage of the state in other to carry out routine checks, etc. Furthermore, the government should continue to empower NAFDAC to strengthen her efforts in the control of fake drugs in the state by acquiring modern machines to upgrade the central laboratory and promote manpower training and development. These, will go a long way to discouraging counterfeiters or fakers of drugs and reducing the quantum of existing fake drugs in the state
Enterprise risk management practices and financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria
(2020) Atanda, O.
Risk management as an element of corporate governance is becoming an integral part for the success and survival of almost every organisation, more importantly imperative for the insurance companies where managing risk is their core and primary functions on daily basis.The study examined the impact of risk management practices on financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. Specifically, the trend of financial performance was analysed over the period of 2007 - 2018. Consequently,this study examined the impact of risk management practices on financial performance as proxy (ROCE and EPS) of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. It also studied the effect of some control variables (Audit Quality and Firm Size) on the financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. This study employed“an ex-post” factor research design which is empirical in nature to obtain data.Out of the total population of fourty nine (49) insurance firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at the end of 2018, a sample of twenty eight (28) firms with consistent and completed financial information were selected.The study used secondary source of data collection obtained from companies’ annual report and financial statements and the Nigeria Security and Exchange Commission factbooks. Descriptive statistics employed consist of mean, median, mode and standard deviation while the inferential statistics include panel regression analysis (pooled OLS, random effect and fixed effects models) with both (EPS) and (ROCE) as dependent variables for measuring financial performance while (underwriting risk, reinsurance risk, market risk, solvency risk for explanatory variables and control variables of audit quality and firm size. The findings revealed flunctuationin trend in the financial performance of insurance companies in Nigeria within the period considered for both earning per share (EPS) and return on capital employed (ROCE).The result also confirmed that risk management practices employed have positive and statistically significant relationship with financial performance except solvency risk with significant negative impact with coefficient of -0.0029.The explanatory variables such as underwriting risk with coefficient of 0.85, reinsurance risk 0.50 and market risk with coefficient of 0.035 have positive significant effectwhile the control variables of audit quality and firm size with coefficient of 0.072 and 0.280 have positive and significant effect on financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The overall random effect regression R-squared(R2) for EPS and ROCE at 5% level of significant were 0.45 and 0.33 which depicts the degree of variation in financial performance that can be explained by joint effect of all explanatory variables employed in the study. In conclusion, Enterprise risk management practices have significant impact on the financial performance (return on capital employed and earning per share)of listed insurance firms in Nigeria.
The effects of corporate social responsibility practices on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria (2008-2017)
(2020) Adewumi, J. A.
This study investigated the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices on the Financial Performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Four proxies of CSR (community involvement, environmental sustainability, customers’ welfare and charitable cash donation), one control variable (firm size) were used as the explanatory variables while three measures (returns on assets, returns on equity and earnings per share) of financial performance were used as the dependent variables. The study analysed the trend of financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period 2008 to 2017 and determined the effects of CSR proxies and assets size on the ROA of these banks. Also, the study investigated the effects of CSR proxies and assets size on the ROE of the banks and assessed the effects of CSR proxies and assets size on the EPS of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Secondary data was used in the course of this study. The data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the deposit money banks in Nigeria. In addition the stand alone corporate social responsibility or sustainability reports of some of these banks, where applicable, were examined in order to extract the data used in this study. Various editions of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Books were also used to compliment the other source documents of data especially for listed deposit money banks. All the twenty licensed deposit money banks in Nigeria as at 31st December, 2017 were included in the study. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values), trend analysis and multiple regression random effect model were used to analyse the panel time series data gathered from the relevant documents of the deposit money banks. Diagnostic tests such as autocorrelation, homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, normality and stationarity were run on the data. Random Effects Regression Model was found appropriate for the panel multiple regression analysis after carrying out Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier and Hausman Specification tests. The findings indicated that CSR proxies and assets size collectively had significant effect on ROE, ROA, EPS at 5% level of significant. While ROE and EPS had positive relationship with CSR, ROA had negative association with it. It was discovered that 58.23% of the variation in ROA could be explained jointly by CSR proxies and the control variable i.e R2 = 0.5823. The variations in ROE and EPS could be explained collectively by CSR proxies and assets size to the values of 69.21% (R2=0.6921) and 31.46% (R2=0.3146) respectively. It is concluded that the findings of this study support stakeholders’ theory which epitomises that the financial performance of a business entity can be boosted by the social responsibility activities of the entity. Therefore, majority of the deposit money banks in Nigeria have imbibed CSR as part of their strategic business policy. This is evident in the volume of CSR activities these banks engaged in during the period of this study (2008 to 2017). Thus it is confirmed in this study that CSR has statistical and significant effect on the banks’ financial performance as measured by ROA, ROE and EPS.
Corporate governance practices and financial performance of cooperative societies in the Southwest Nigeria
(2021) Oseni, M.
This study investigated the impacts of corporate governance practices on the financial performance of cooperative societies in Nigeria. The study was motivated by the persistent agitation for transparency in the management of cooperative societies, The study sought the cooperative members perception of the application of corporate governance principles in cooperative societies’ management; evaluated trends in financial performance of cooperative societies in Southwest Nigeria from 2011 to 2018 and determined the effects of corporate governance elements on the financial performance of cooperative societies. The study adopted a survey research design, made use of both primary and secondary data from selected cooperative societies in the six states in the Southwest Nigeria. Primary data were sourced directly from 475 selected members of cooperative societies. From the annual financial reports and accounts of selected cooperative societies, secondary data were extracted. The data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics like the mean, standard deviation, median and mode. Inferential statistics used are pearson moment correlation and regression analyses. The results of the analysis showed that corporate governance practices in the cooperative societies were not strong in comparison to the practice in the listed companies. For instance, the composition of the executive members significantly deviated from the provision of SEC code of corporate governance. Also, family dominance in the executive committee was prevalent among the societies sampled. A mean of 3.39 showed that majority of respondents affirmed to family dominance. Majority of cooperative societies under study reported a return on capital employed of about 6%, which is lower than the range of 10% - 20% recommended for the non-listed institutions. The R-square of 0.421 inferred that 42% of the variation in the return on capital employed by the cooperative societies were attributable to the combined effects of all the corporate governance variables (board structure, ownership structure, risk management practices and executive compensation) as well as control variables (society age and size) while the remaining 58% was due to other variables not considered in this study. Evidently, there is a reasonable assurance that financial performance can be improved if corporate governance mechanisms are practiced in cooperative societies. The regression results also revealed that three corporate governance variables (board structure, ownership structure and risk management practices have significant effects on the financial performance. The study found out that executive compensation was not a good motivation for higher performance in the cooperative societies in Nigeria. The conclusion of the study was that the financial performances of cooperative societies are significantly affected by elements of corporate governance. Therefore, the mechanisms of corporate governance should be adopted in cooperative societies for better financial performances.
Influence of environmental accounting practices on the financial performance of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria
(2021) Imohiosen, A. B. U.
Environmental pollution has taken a toll on the global land as manufacturing companies generates wastes every day. Globally, awareness is now very high of the pollution potential of these industrial wastes and the need for these corporations to account for them via an environmental report embedded in the annual financial environmental report. This research decided to investigate the ‘Influence of Environmental Accounting Practice on the Financial Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria for the period between 2001 to 2018’. The independent variables proxies used were POC, WRD, RCY, CPC, CFR, CUE, the control variable were AOC and SOC while the dependent variables were ROCE and ROE. This research work used an ex-post-facto-research-design which extracted empirical data from the annual accounts of twelve (12) selected manufacturing companies hoisted on thier website. A sample of 2 companies each was chosen from six groups of manufacturing companies classified by SEC as follows: Consumer Services, Consumer goods, Industrial Services, Oil and Gas, Basic Goods, and Health Services to arrive at the 12 companies. The total selected items were 216. The descriptive statistics used for the analysis were mean, median, mode and standard deviation, while multiple regression analysis, Hausman specification test, Breusch-Pagan LM test,Durbin Watson statistic, the PP Plot for linearity test and Pearson correlation coefficient matrix were employed for the inferential statistic. The findings revealed that there was a lot of volatility in the results of ROCE and ROE during the period from 2001 to 2018 as they fluctuated widely. The models used were statistically significant at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 alpha levels. The Beta coefficient for pollution control (POC) is 0.513, while that of waste reduction (WRD) is 0.579, that of size of company (SOC) was 0.324, while that of the age of the company (AOC) was -0.22 suggesting that some of the variables were positively correlated while some were negatively correlated. The study concluded that the dependent variables ROCE and ROE were influenced by the independent and control variables of: POC, WRD, RCY, CUE, CPC, CFR: SOC and AOC respectively.This implies that the more a company invests in this Environmental Accounting Practice and reports them the better its financial performance.

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